参考书籍：《Python3 网络爬虫开发实战》2018年4月第一版
系统： Ubuntu 18.04.2 LTS
背景：已经安装好了Tesseract 以及多国语言包 tessdata
安装命令： pip3 install tesserocr pillow
报错：
Collecting tesserocr
Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/92/2d/05a7f8387e93c192919b508e4f4936f232bd3d2ca388b9130ae538a9f9ad/tesserocr-2.4.0.tar.gz
Collecting pillow
Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d2/c2/f84b1e57416755e967236468dcfb0fad7fd911f707185efc4ba8834a1a94/Pillow-6.0.0-cp36-cp36m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl
Building wheels for collected packages: tesserocr
Running setup.py bdist_wheel for tesserocr ... error
Complete output from command /usr/bin/python3 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__=‘/tmp/pip-build-n7t6st2b/tesserocr/setup.py‘;f=getattr(tokenize, ‘open‘, open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace(‘\r\n‘, ‘\n‘);f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, ‘exec‘))" bdist_wheel -d /tmp/tmpn73hfamcpip-wheel- --python-tag cp36:
Supporting tesseract v4.0.0-beta.1
Configs from pkg-config: {‘include_dirs‘: [‘/usr/include‘], ‘libraries‘: [‘lept‘, ‘tesseract‘], ‘cython_compile_time_env‘: {‘TESSERACT_VERSION‘: 60397825}}
/usr/lib/python3.6/distutils/dist.py:261: UserWarning: Unknown distribution option: ‘long_description_content_type‘
warnings.warn(msg)
running bdist_wheel
running build
running build_ext
building ‘tesserocr‘ extension
creating build
creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6
x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -I/usr/include -I/usr/include/python3.6m -c tesserocr.cpp -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/tesserocr.o -std=c++11 -DUSE_STD_NAMESPACE
tesserocr.cpp:42:10: fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory
#include "Python.h"
^~~~~~~~~~
compilation terminated.
error: command ‘x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc‘ failed with exit status 1
----------------------------------------
Failed building wheel for tesserocr
Running setup.py clean for tesserocr
Failed to build tesserocr
Installing collected packages: tesserocr, pillow
Running setup.py install for tesserocr ... error
Complete output from command /usr/bin/python3 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__=‘/tmp/pip-build-n7t6st2b/tesserocr/setup.py‘;f=getattr(tokenize, ‘open‘, open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace(‘\r\n‘, ‘\n‘);f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, ‘exec‘))" install --record /tmp/pip-7bsa_hbd-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --user --prefix=:
Supporting tesseract v4.0.0-beta.1
Configs from pkg-config: {‘include_dirs‘: [‘/usr/include‘], ‘libraries‘: [‘lept‘, ‘tesseract‘], ‘cython_compile_time_env‘: {‘TESSERACT_VERSION‘: 60397825}}
/usr/lib/python3.6/distutils/dist.py:261: UserWarning: Unknown distribution option: ‘long_description_content_type‘
warnings.warn(msg)
running install
running build
running build_ext
building ‘tesserocr‘ extension
creating build
creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6
x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -I/usr/include -I/usr/include/python3.6m -c tesserocr.cpp -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/tesserocr.o -std=c++11 -DUSE_STD_NAMESPACE
tesserocr.cpp:42:10: fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory
#include "Python.h"
^~~~~~~~~~
compilation terminated.
error: command ‘x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc‘ failed with exit status 1
解决方案：替换新的安装命令 sudo apt install tesseract-ocr
（PS：这个版本与原书中版本命令的差别可能是，此版本并非pillow friendly版本。）
（PPS: Pillow. Pillow is the friendly PIL fork by Alex Clark and Contributors. PIL is thePython Imaging Library by Fredrik Lundh and Contributors.）
原文如下：
Linux
To install Tesseract 4.x you can simply run the following command on your Ubuntu 18.xx bionic:
sudo apt install tesseract-ocr
If you wish to install the Developer Tools which can be used for training, run the following command:
sudo apt install libtesseract-dev
The following instructions are for building on Linux, which also can be applied to other UNIX like operating systems.
Dependencies
A compiler for C and C++: GCC or Clang
GNU Autotools: autoconf, automake, libtool
pkg-config
Leptonica
libpng, libjpeg, libtiff
Ubuntu
If they are not already installed, you need the following libraries (Ubuntu 16.04/14.04):
sudo apt-get install g++ # or clang++ (presumably)
sudo apt-get install autoconf automake libtool
sudo apt-get install pkg-config
sudo apt-get install libpng-dev
sudo apt-get install libjpeg8-dev
sudo apt-get install libtiff5-dev
sudo apt-get install zlib1g-dev
if you plan to install the training tools, you also need the following libraries:
sudo apt-get install libicu-dev
sudo apt-get install libpango1.0-dev
sudo apt-get install libcairo2-dev
原文地址： https://github.com/tesseract-ocr/tesseract/wiki/Compiling
原文：https://www.cnblogs.com/chowkaiyat/p/10958834.html