#文件名通配
通配符：
*：匹配任意长度的任意字符（0到多个）
[root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# ls * 0812080808 2014-05-16: test.log ceshi_1: test: [root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# ls -ld t* drwxr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 11 15:46 test
？：匹配任意单个字符
[root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# ls 0812080808 2014-05-16 ceshi_1 test [root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# ls tes? [root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# ls -ld tes? drwxr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 11 15:46 test [root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# ls -ld t?st drwxr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 11 15:46 test [root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# ls -ld t??? drwxr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 11 15:46 test [root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# ls -ld t?? ls: cannot access t??: No such file or directory
[ ]：匹配指定字符范围内的任意单个字符
[root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# ls -ld *[abc] drwxr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 abc drwxr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 xab [root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# ls -ld *[ac] drwxr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 abc [root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# ls -ld [abc]* drwxr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 abc drwxr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 abd drwxr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 abe
[a-z]：所有小写字母
[root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# ls ABC abc abd abe xab [root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# ls -ld *[a-z] drwxr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 abc drwxr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 abd drwxr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 abe drwxr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 xab
[[:lower:]]：所有小写字母
[root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# ls -ld *[[:lower:]] drwxr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 abc drwxr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 abd drwxr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 abe drwxr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 xab
[A-Z]：所有大写字母
[root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# ls ABC abc abd abe xab [root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# ls -ld *[A-Z] drwxr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 ABC
[[:upper:]]：所有大写字母
[root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# ls -ld *[[:upper:]]
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 ABC
[[:alpha:]]：所有字母，不区分大小写
[root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# ls -ld *[[:alpha:]] drwxr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 ABC drwxr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 abc drwxr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 abd drwxr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 abe drwxr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 xab
[0-9]：所有数字
[root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# ls 123 ABC abc abd abe xab [root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# ls -ld *[0-9] drwxr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:50 123 [root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# ls -ld *[23] drwxr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:50 123
[[digit:]]：所有数字
[root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# ls -ld *[[:digit:]]
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:50 123
[[:alnum:]]：所有数字和字母，字母不分大小写
[root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# ls -ld *[[:alnum:]] drwxr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:50 123 drwxr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 ABC drwxr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 abc drwxr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 abd drwxr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 abe drwxr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 xab
[[:space:]]：空格
[root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# ls 123 ABC a c abc abd abe xab [root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# ls -ld *[[:space:]] ls: cannot access *[[:space:]]: No such file or directory [root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# ls -ld *[[:space:]]* drwxr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 11:13 a c
[[:punct:]]：标点符号
[root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# ls ,,1 123 ABC a c abc abd abe xab [root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# ls -ld [[:punct:]]* drwxr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 11:16 ,,1
[^]：匹配指定字符范围外的任意单个字符
[^0-9]：除了数字
[root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# ls ,,1 123 ABC a c abc abd abe xab [root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# ls -ld *[^0-9] drwxr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 ABC drwxr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 11:13 a c drwxr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 abc drwxr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 abd drwxr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 abe drwxr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 xab
[^[:upper:]]：除了大写字母
[root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# ls -ld *[^[:upper:]] drwxr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 11:16 ,,1 drwxr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:50 123 drwxr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 11:13 a c drwxr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 abc drwxr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 abd drwxr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 abe drwxr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 xab
原文：http://putongren.blog.51cto.com/9086263/1538937