序列化:将一个数据结构(list,dict....)转化成一个特殊的序列(特殊的字符串)的过程.
# l1 = [1, 2, 3]
# ret = str(l1)
# print(ret,type(ret))
# print(eval(ret)) # 不让用
# 文件存取时,遇到的矛盾.
# dic ={'username': '太白', 'password': 123}
# dic = {1: {'username': '太白', 'password': 123,'status': False},
# 2:{'username': 'alex', 'password': 123,'status': False}
# }
# 这个字典能放在全局么?
# with open('register.json',encoding='utf-8',mode='w') as f1:
# f1.write(str(dic))
# with open('register',encoding='utf-8') as f1:
# ret = f1.read()
# print(ret,type(ret))
#
# # 数据结构 --- > str() 存储在文件, 读取出来时,反转不回去.
# # 网络传输.
# l1 = [i for i in range(100000)]
# # 凡是数据通过网络传出去最终的格式必须bytes
# s1 = str(l1)
# b1 = s1.encode('utf-8')
# print(b1) # b1可以发送出去
#
# s2 = b1.decode('utf-8')
# print(s2,type(s2))
# s2 转化不成列表了.
# 我们现在要解决的问题: 如果有一种特殊的字符串,这个字符串可以与任何的数据结构互相转换.序列化模块分类:
# 序列化模块: 将一中数据结构转化成特殊的序列(特殊的字符串,bytes)并且还可以反转回去.
json模块: 是所有语言公认的一种序列.最最常用的
所以支持的python数据结构有限: int str bool dict list(tuple),None,float
None ---> Null ----> NUll
dict --->
pickle模块: 只能python语言中使用的,序列化模块:
支持python所有的数据类型以及对象.
shevle模块(不讲): 课下了解(只能是文件存取).json序列化:
两对四个方法:
dumps,loads 主要用于网络传输,可以用于文件的存取.
import json
# dumps,loads 主要用于网络传输,可以用于文件的存取.
# dic = {'username': '太白', 'password': 123,'status': False}
# ret = json.dumps(dic)
# # print(ret,type(ret))
# ret_dict = json.loads(ret)
# print(ret_dict)
# 特殊的参数
# dic = {'username': '太白', 'password': 123,'status': False}
# # print(dic)
# ret = json.dumps(dic,ensure_ascii=False,sort_keys=True)
# print(ret,type(ret))
# import json
# dic = {'username': '太白', 'password': 123,'status': False}
# s_dict = json.dumps(dic)
# with open('jsonlx.json',encoding='utf-8',mode='w') as f1:
# f1.write(s_dict)
#
# with open('jsonlx.json',encoding='utf-8') as f2:
# content = f2.read()
# print(json.loads(content))多个数据如何存储到一个文件中?
# 错误演示:
# import json
# dic1 = {'username': '太白', 'password': 123,'status': False}
# dic2 = {'username': 'alex', 'password': 123,'status': False}
# dic3 = {'username': 'ly', 'password': 123,'status': False}
# with open('jsonmore.json',encoding='utf-8',mode='a') as f1:
# # f1.write(json.dumps(dic1))
# # f1.write(json.dumps(dic2))
# # f1.write(json.dumps(dic3))
# f1.write(f'{json.dumps(dic1)}{json.dumps(dic2)}{json.dumps(dic3)}')
#
# with open('jsonmore.json',encoding='utf-8') as f1:
# ret = json.loads(f1.read())
# print(ret)
# 正确做法:
import json
# dic1 = {'username': '太白', 'password': 123,'status': False}
# dic2 = {'username': 'alex', 'password': 123,'status': False}
# dic3 = {'username': 'ly', 'password': 123,'status': False}
# with open('jsonmore.json',encoding='utf-8',mode='a') as f1:
# f1.write(f'{json.dumps(dic1)}\n{json.dumps(dic2)}\n{json.dumps(dic3)}')
# with open('jsonmore.json',encoding='utf-8') as f1:
# for line in f1:
# ret = json.loads(line)
# print(ret,type(ret))
pickle序列化:
dumps,loads 只能是网络传输
import pickle
# dumps,loads 只能是网络传输
# l1 = ['wusir', '太白', '小黑', 666]
# ret = pickle.dumps(l1)
# # print(ret)
#
# l2 = pickle.loads(ret)
# print(l2,type(l2))dump load 数据结构存取文件.
import pickle
# l1 = ['wusir', '太白', '小黑', 666]
# with open('pickle练习.pickle',mode='wb') as f1:
# pickle.dump(l1,f1)
# with open('pickle练习.pickle', mode='rb') as f1:
# ret = pickle.load(f1)
# print(ret,type(ret))
# 多个数据写入文件
l1 = ['wusir', '太白', '小黑1', 666]
l2 = ['wusir', '太白', '小黑2', 666]
l3 = ['wusir', '太白', '小黑3', 666]
# with open('pickle练习1.pickle',mode='wb') as f1:
# # pickle.dump(l1,f1)
# # pickle.dump(l2,f1)
# # pickle.dump(l3,f1)
#
# with open('pickle练习1.pickle', mode='rb') as f1:
# ret1 = pickle.load(f1)
# ret2 = pickle.load(f1)
# ret3 = pickle.load(f1)
# print(ret1,ret2,ret3)# 目录: 文件夹.
# 工作目录,当前目录,父级目录: day17
import os
# print(os.getcwd()) # D:\s23\day17 绝对路径 ***
# os.chdir(r'D:\s23\day9')
# print(os.getcwd())
# print(os.curdir)
# print(os.pardir)
# 和文件夹相关 ***
import os
# os.makedirs('dirname1/dirname2/dirname3/dirname4') # 多级目录
# os.removedirs('dirname1/dirname2/dirname3/dirname4') # 截止到有文件的那层
# os.mkdir(r'd:\abc') # 单级目录
# os.rmdir('abc')
# print(os.listdir(r'D:\s23\day15'))
#
# os.remove() 删除一个文件 ***
# os.rename("oldname","newname") 重命名文件/目录 ***
# print(os.stat(r'D:\s23\day17\01 昨日内容回顾.py'))
# path 和路径相关 ***
# print(os.path.abspath('04 os模块.py')) # D:\s23\day17\01 昨日内容回顾.py
# print(os.path.split(os.path.abspath('01 昨日内容回顾.py'))) # ('D:\\s23\\day17', '01 昨日内容回顾.py')
# print(os.path.dirname(r'D:\s23\day9\01 初始函数.py')) # 获取父级目录
# print(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath('01 昨日内容回顾.py')))
# print(__file__) # 动态获取当前文件的绝对路径
# 获取当前文件的爷爷级的目录
# print(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__)))
# print(os.path.basename(r'D:\s23\day9\01 初始函数.py')) # 获取文件名
# print(os.path.exists(r'D:\s23\day9\02 初始函数.py'))
# 判断是否是绝对路径
# print(os.path.isabs(r'D:\s23\day9\01 初始函数.py'))
# print(os.path.isabs(r'day17/01 昨日内容回顾.py'))
# 判断该路径是否是一个文件路径
# print(os.path.isfile(r'D:\s23\day9\01 初始函数.py'))
# print(os.path.isfile(r'D:\s23\day9'))
# print(os.path.isdir(r'D:\s23\day17\dirname1\dirname2'))
# print(os.path.exists(r'D:\s23\day17\dirname1\dirname2'))
# 判断是否是一个目录(文件夹)
# print(os.path.isdir(r'D:\s23\day17\02 序列化模块.py'))
# D:\s23\day16\评论文章
# path = os.path.join('D:','s23','day20','随便')
# print(path)
# par_dir = os.path.dirname(__file__)
# print(par_dir) # D:/s23/day17
# path = r'D:\s23\day17\db\lydata'
# path = par_dir + '\db' +'\lydata'
# path = os.path.join(par_dir,'db','lydata')
# with open(path,encoding='utf-8',mode='a') as f1:
# f1.write('李业在红浪漫消费998元')
# print(os.path.getatime('D:\s23\day17\db\lydata'))
# print(os.path.getmtime('D:\s23\day17\db\lydata'))
# print(os.path.getsize('D:\s23\day17\db\lydata'))
# print(os.stat(r'D:\s23\day17\01 昨日内容回顾.py'))import sys
# sys.path ***
# print(sys.version) # 版本
# for i in range(3):
# print(i)
# # exit() # 强制退出
# # quit()
# for i in range(5):
# print(i)
# print(sys.platform)加密模块, 摘要算法,散列算法,等等.它是一堆加密算法的集合.
liye|zmdsb
太白|123
明文形式存储的,带来安全隐患.
hashlib如何加密?
撞库: 111111, 123456, 000000,19980123,
{‘202cb962ac59075b964b07152d234b70‘: 123456}
hashlib 的用途:
密码加密:
# 密码加密
# md5
# ret = hashlib.md5()
# ret.update('123'.encode('utf-8'))
# s = ret.hexdigest()
# print(s,type(s))
# ret = hashlib.md5()
# ret.update('123'.encode('utf-8'))
# s = ret.hexdigest()
# print(s,type(s))
#
# ret = hashlib.md5()
# ret.update('223'.encode('utf-8'))
# s = ret.hexdigest()
# print(s,type(s))
# ret = hashlib.md5()
# ret.update('22fdslkafjdsklfdsjalfaklfjdslkfjdslkfjdsalf;dsajkfldsjf3'.encode('utf-8'))
# s = ret.hexdigest()
# print(s,type(s))
# 撞库
# ret = hashlib.md5()
# ret.update('123456*@qwe'.encode('utf-8'))
# s = ret.hexdigest()
# print(s,type(s))
# 加固定盐
# ret = hashlib.md5('xxx教育'.encode('utf-8'))
# ret.update('123456'.encode('utf-8'))
# s = ret.hexdigest()
# print(s,type(s))
# 加动态的盐
# username = input('输入用户名:').strip()
# password = input('输入密码').strip()
# ret = hashlib.md5(username[::2].encode('utf-8'))
# ret.update(password.encode('utf-8'))
# s = ret.hexdigest()
# print(s)
# sha系列: 安全系数高,耗时高.
# 加盐,加动态盐
# ret = hashlib.sha512()
# ret.update('123456fdklsajflsdfjsdlkafjafkl'.encode('utf-8'))
# s = ret.hexdigest()
# print(s,type(s))文件的一致性校验:
low版
import hashlib
ret = hashlib.md5()
with open('MD5文件校验',mode='rb') as f1:
content = f1.read()
ret.update(content)
# print(ret.hexdigest())
#
# ret = hashlib.md5()
# with open('MD5文件校验1',mode='rb') as f1:
# content = f1.read()
# ret.update(content)
# print(ret.hexdigest())
# ret = hashlib.md5()
# with open(r'D:\s23\day17\python-3.7.4rc1-embed-win32.zip',mode='rb') as f1:
# content = f1.read()
# ret.update(content)
# print(ret.hexdigest())
# d9c18c989c474c7629121c9d59cc429e
# d9c18c989c474c7629121c9d59cc429e
# 分步update
# s1 = '老男孩教育 最好的python 讲师 是 太白'
#
# # 1
# ret = hashlib.md5()
# ret.update(s1.encode('utf-8'))
# print(ret.hexdigest())
#
#
# # 2
# ret = hashlib.md5()
# ret.update('老男孩教育'.encode('utf-8'))
# ret.update(' 最好的python'.encode('utf-8'))
# ret.update(' 讲师 是'.encode('utf-8'))
# ret.update(' 太白'.encode('utf-8'))
# print(ret.hexdigest()) # 90c56d265a363292ec70c7074798c913
高大上版
import hashlib
def md5_file(path):
ret = hashlib.md5()
with open(path,mode='rb') as f1:
while 1:
content = f1.read(1024)
if content:
ret.update(content)
else:
return ret.hexdigest()
print(md5_file(r'D:\s23\day17\python-3.7.4rc1-embed-win32.zip'))内置模块: 序列化模块 非常非常重要!
? json 非常非常重要!
? dumps loads 网络传输,文件存取(多个数据,单个数据都行)
? dump load:单个数据结构文件存取
? pickle:python.
? dumps loads 网络传输
? dump load: 文件存取(多个数据,单个数据都行)
os,sys: *** 多练习,
hashlib: 密码加密,.文件得一致性校验.
原文：https://www.cnblogs.com/hql1117/p/11099221.html