Focal loss 是 文章 Focal Loss for Dense Object Detection 中提出对简单样本的进行decay的一种损失函数。是对标准的Cross Entropy Loss 的一种改进。 F L对于简单样本(p比较大)回应较小的loss。
如论文中的图1, 在p=0.6时, 标准的CE然后又较大的loss, 但是对于FL就有相对较小的loss回应。这样就是对简单样本的一种decay。其中alpha 是对每个类别在训练数据中的频率有关, 但是下面的实现我们是基于alpha=1进行实验的。
标准的Cross Entropy 为:
Focal Loss 为:
其中
以上公式为下面实现代码的基础。
采用基于pytorch 的yolo2 在VOC的上的实验结果如下:
在单纯的替换了CrossEntropyLoss之后就有1个点左右的提升。效果还是比较显著的。本实验中采用的是darknet19, 要是采用更大的网络就可能会有更好的性能提升。这个实验结果已经能很好的说明的Focal Loss 的对于检测的价值了。
一点没做的但是可能会提升性能:
1. 采用soft - gamma: 在训练的过程中阶段性的增大gamma 可能会有更好的性能提升
本文实验中采用的Focal Loss 代码如下。
关于Focal Loss 的数学推倒在文章:Focal Loss 的前向与后向公式推导
import torch import torch.nn as nn import torch.nn.functional as F from torch.autograd import Variable class FocalLoss(nn.Module): r""" This criterion is a implemenation of Focal Loss, which is proposed in Focal Loss for Dense Object Detection. Loss(x, class) = - \alpha (1-softmax(x)[class])^gamma \log(softmax(x)[class]) The losses are averaged across observations for each minibatch. Args: alpha(1D Tensor, Variable) : the scalar factor for this criterion gamma(float, double) : gamma > 0; reduces the relative loss for well-classi?ed examples (p > .5), putting more focus on hard, misclassi?ed examples size_average(bool): By default, the losses are averaged over observations for each minibatch. However, if the field size_average is set to False, the losses are instead summed for each minibatch. """ def __init__(self, class_num, alpha=None, gamma=2, size_average=True): super(FocalLoss, self).__init__() if alpha is None: self.alpha = Variable(torch.ones(class_num, 1)) else: if isinstance(alpha, Variable): self.alpha = alpha else: self.alpha = Variable(alpha) self.gamma = gamma self.class_num = class_num self.size_average = size_average def forward(self, inputs, targets): N = inputs.size(0) C = inputs.size(1) P = F.softmax(inputs) class_mask = inputs.data.new(N, C).fill_(0) class_mask = Variable(class_mask) ids = targets.view(-1, 1) class_mask.scatter_(1, ids.data, 1.) #print(class_mask) if inputs.is_cuda and not self.alpha.is_cuda: self.alpha = self.alpha.cuda() alpha = self.alpha[ids.data.view(-1)] probs = (P*class_mask).sum(1).view(-1,1) log_p = probs.log() #print(‘probs size= {}‘.format(probs.size())) #print(probs) batch_loss = -alpha*(torch.pow((1-probs), self.gamma))*log_p #print(‘-----bacth_loss------‘) #print(batch_loss) if self.size_average: loss = batch_loss.mean() else: loss = batch_loss.sum() return loss
原文:https://www.cnblogs.com/yumoye/p/11253049.html