Requests是一个优雅而简单的Python HTTP库，专为人类而构建。（来自官方的介绍）
requests是一个很实用的Python HTTP客户端库，编写爬虫和测试服务器响应数据时经常会用到，很适合做接口测试。
requests是第三方的库，需要先安装 ：pip3 install requests(python3版本)
1 def request(method, url, **kwargs): 2 """Constructs and sends a :class:`Request <Request>`. 3 4 :param method: method for the new :class:`Request` object. 5 :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object. 6 :param params: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples or bytes to send 7 in the query string for the :class:`Request`. 8 :param data: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like 9 object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`. 10 :param json: (optional) A JSON serializable Python object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`. 11 :param headers: (optional) Dictionary of HTTP Headers to send with the :class:`Request`. 12 :param cookies: (optional) Dict or CookieJar object to send with the :class:`Request`. 13 :param files: (optional) Dictionary of ``‘name‘: file-like-objects`` (or ``{‘name‘: file-tuple}``) for multipart encoding upload. 14 ``file-tuple`` can be a 2-tuple ``(‘filename‘, fileobj)``, 3-tuple ``(‘filename‘, fileobj, ‘content_type‘)`` 15 or a 4-tuple ``(‘filename‘, fileobj, ‘content_type‘, custom_headers)``, where ``‘content-type‘`` is a string 16 defining the content type of the given file and ``custom_headers`` a dict-like object containing additional headers 17 to add for the file. 18 :param auth: (optional) Auth tuple to enable Basic/Digest/Custom HTTP Auth. 19 :param timeout: (optional) How many seconds to wait for the server to send data 20 before giving up, as a float, or a :ref:`(connect timeout, read 21 timeout) <timeouts>` tuple. 22 :type timeout: float or tuple 23 :param allow_redirects: (optional) Boolean. Enable/disable GET/OPTIONS/POST/PUT/PATCH/DELETE/HEAD redirection. Defaults to ``True``. 24 :type allow_redirects: bool 25 :param proxies: (optional) Dictionary mapping protocol to the URL of the proxy. 26 :param verify: (optional) Either a boolean, in which case it controls whether we verify 27 the server‘s TLS certificate, or a string, in which case it must be a path 28 to a CA bundle to use. Defaults to ``True``. 29 :param stream: (optional) if ``False``, the response content will be immediately downloaded. 30 :param cert: (optional) if String, path to ssl client cert file (.pem). If Tuple, (‘cert‘, ‘key‘) pair. 31 :return: :class:`Response <Response>` object 32 :rtype: requests.Response 33 34 Usage:: 35 36 >>> import requests 37 >>> req = requests.request(‘GET‘, ‘https://httpbin.org/get‘) 38 <Response [200]> 39 """ 40 41 # By using the ‘with‘ statement we are sure the session is closed, thus we 42 # avoid leaving sockets open which can trigger a ResourceWarning in some 43 # cases, and look like a memory leak in others. 44 with sessions.Session() as session: 45 return session.request(method=method, url=url, **kwargs)
其中，month主要是用get和post
requests模块发送请求有data、json、params三种携带参数的方法。
params在get请求中使用，data、json在post请求中使用。
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requests--get方法
r=requests.get(‘https://movie.douban.com/‘)
print(r.status_code) #查看状态码
print(r.text) #查看响应内容
print(r.content.decode(‘utf-8‘)) #查看字节流(二进制)
print(r.url) #查看请求地址
print(r.encoding) #查看字符编码
print(r.cookies) #查看cookie
print(r.headers) #查看请求头信息
# 当返回的响应格式是json时，可以用r.json())
# 这里有两种方式，一种是直接用请求地址，另一种是用参数的方式传递parames
url=‘https://movie.douban.com/subject_search?search_text=%E5%93%AA%E5%90%92&cat=1002‘
url1=‘https://movie.douban.com/subject_search?search_text=哪吒&cat=1002‘
payload={‘search_text‘:‘哪吒‘,‘cat‘:1002}
r=requests.get(url1,params=payload)
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原文：https://www.cnblogs.com/qq0828/p/11380701.html
