Prometheus 相比于其他传统监控工具主要有以下几个特点:
具有由 metric 名称和键/值对标识的时间序列数据的多维数据模型
有一个灵活的查询语言
不依赖分布式存储,只和本地磁盘有关
通过 HTTP 的服务拉取时间序列数据
也支持推送的方式来添加时间序列数据
还支持通过服务发现或静态配置发现目标
多种图形和仪表板支持
Prometheus 由多个组件组成,但是其中许多组件是可选的:
Prometheus Server:用于抓取指标、存储时间序列数据
exporter:暴露指标让任务来抓
pushgateway:push 的方式将指标数据推送到该网关
alertmanager:处理报警的报警组件
adhoc:用于数据查询
1、创建独立的命名空间
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
name: kube-ops
2、以configmap的形式管理配置文件prometheus.yml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: prometheus-config
namespace: kube-ops
data:
prometheus.yml: |
global:
scrape_interval: 15s
scrape_timeout: 15s
scrape_configs:
- job_name: ‘prometheus‘
static_configs:
- targets: [‘localhost:9090‘]
配置文件prometheus.yml中包含了3个模块:global、rule_files 和 scrape_configs
其中 global 模块控制 Prometheus Server 的全局配置
rule_files 模块制定了规则所在的位置,prometheus 可以根据这个配置加载规则,用于生成新的时间序列数据或者报警信息,当前我们没有配置任何规则
scrape_configs 用于控制 prometheus 监控哪些资源。
在默认的配置里有一个单独的 job,叫做prometheus,它采集 prometheus 服务本身的时间序列数据。这个 job 包含了一个单独的、静态配置的目标:监听 localhost 上的9090端口。
prometheus 默认会通过目标的/metrics路径采集 metrics。所以,默认的 job 通过 URL:http://localhost:9090/metrics采集 metrics。
3、配置 rbac 认证
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: prometheus
namespace: kube-ops
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
name: prometheus
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes
- services
- endpoints
- pods
- nodes/proxy
verbs:
- get
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- configmaps
- nodes/metrics
verbs:
- get
- nonResourceURLs:
- /metrics
verbs:
- get
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: prometheus
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: prometheus
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: prometheus
namespace: kube-ops
4、配置pv和pvc用于数据持久化
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
name: prometheus
spec:
capacity:
storage: 10Gi
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: Recycle
nfs:
server: 192.168.1.244
path: /data/k8s
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
name: prometheus
namespace: kube-ops
spec:
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
resources:
requests:
storage: 10Gi
5、创建 prometheus 的 Pod 资源
$ docker pull prom/prometheus:v2.4.3
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: prometheus
namespace: kube-ops
labels:
app: prometheus
spec:
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: prometheus
spec:
serviceAccountName: prometheus
containers:
- image: prom/prometheus:v2.4.3
name: prometheus
command:
- "/bin/prometheus"
args:
- "--config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml"
- "--storage.tsdb.path=/prometheus"
- "--storage.tsdb.retention=24h"
- "--web.enable-admin-api" # 控制对admin HTTP API的访问,其中包括删除时间序列等功能
- "--web.enable-lifecycle" # 支持热更新,直接执行localhost:9090/-/reload立即生效
ports:
- containerPort: 9090
protocol: TCP
name: http
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: "/prometheus"
subPath: prometheus
name: data
- mountPath: "/etc/prometheus"
name: config-volume
resources:
requests:
cpu: 100m
memory: 512Mi
limits:
cpu: 100m
memory: 512Mi
securityContext:
runAsUser: 0
volumes:
- name: data
persistentVolumeClaim:
claimName: prometheus
- configMap:
name: prometheus-config
name: config-volume
$ kubectl get pod -n kube-ops
prometheus-77d968648-w5j6z 1/1 Running 53 82d
6、创建prometheus pod的svc
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: prometheus
namespace: kube-ops
labels:
app: prometheus
spec:
selector:
app: prometheus
type: NodePort
ports:
- name: web
port: 9090
targetPort: http
$ kubectl get svc -n kube-ops
prometheus NodePort 10.102.197.83 <none> 9090:32619/TCP
http://192.168.1.243:32619
点击status----targets查看监控目录状态
原文:https://blog.51cto.com/dongdong/2432228