docker image ls 查看镜像 。

[root@localhost ~]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
nginx               latest              5a3221f0137b        10 days ago         126MB

docker run -it nginx /bin/bash 从镜像中启动 ，会进入到doker内部，使用Ctrl-PQ组合键退出，不会杀死容器。

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it nginx /bin/bash
root@e5f373447c9f:/#

docker exec -it nginx_1 /bin/bash 进入运行中的docker。

[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it nginx_1 /bin/bash
root@9da42ad3c93e:/#

docker exec -it nginx_1 ls 在docker中执行命令

[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it nginx_1 ls
bin   dev  home  lib64  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
boot  etc  lib   media  opt  root  sbin  sys  usr

docker rename nginx_1 nginx_2 重命名docker

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
9da42ad3c93e        nginx               "/bin/bash"         9 minutes ago       Up 9 minutes        80/tcp              nginx_1
[root@localhost ~]# docker rename nginx_1 nginx_2
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
9da42ad3c93e        nginx               "/bin/bash"         10 minutes ago      Up 10 minutes       80/tcp              nginx_2

doker 从镜像中启动

原文：https://www.cnblogs.com/xie123/p/11415673.html