Python-新手爬取安居客新房房源

import urllib.request
import urllib.parse
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from xpinyin import Pinyin
import time
from lxml import etree
import json

class anjuk_spider(object):
    url = ‘.fang.anjuke.com/loupan/all/‘
    def __init__(self,city):
        self.city = city
        #建一个空列表，存放所有的房源信息
        self.items = []

    #把输入的城市转换成拼音
    def citypinyin(self,city):
        p = Pinyin()
        return p.get_pinyin(self.city,‘‘)
    #构建请求体
    def handle_request(self,city_url,page_num):
        city_url = city_url + ‘p‘ + str(page_num + 1) + ‘/‘
        headers = {
            "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3865.90 Safari/537.36"
        }
        request = urllib.request.Request(city_url, headers=headers)
        return request

    #解析价格
    def price(self,item):
        temp = item.xpath(‘.//a[@class="favor-pos"]/p[1]/text()‘)[0]
        if temp == ‘售价待定‘:
            temp = temp + " 周边均价：" + item.xpath(‘.//a[@class="favor-pos"]/p/span/text()‘)[0] + "元/㎡"
        else:
            temp = temp + item.xpath(‘.//a[@class="favor-pos"]/p/span/text()‘)[0] + "元/㎡"
        return temp

    #解析户型
    def huxing(self,item):
        temp = item.xpath(‘.//a[@class="huxing"]//text()‘)
        # 第1步，先建立个空列表。整理爬下来的列表,去掉空格，换行等
        list = []
        for item in temp:
            item = item.replace("\n", "").replace("\t", "").replace("\xa0", "").replace("/", "").replace(" ", "")
            list.append(item)
        # 删除列表里的空值
        new_list = [i for i in list if i != ‘‘]
        # 把整理好的列表转换成新字符串
        item_huxing = "/".join(new_list)
        return item_huxing
    #解析位置
    def address(self,item):
        temp = item.xpath(‘.//a[@class="address"]//span[@class="list-map"]/text()‘)[0]
        end_item_address = temp.find("]")
        item_address = temp[end_item_address + 2:]
        return item_address


    #解析数据
    def parse_content(self,content):
        #利用xpath提取数据
        tree = etree.HTML(content)
        div_list = tree.xpath(‘//div[@class="key-list imglazyload"]//div[@class="item-mod "]‘)
        for item in div_list:
            try:
                #小区名称
                item_name = item.xpath(‘.//h3//span[@class="items-name"]/text()‘)[0]
                #小区位置
                item_address = self.address(item)
                #小区户型
                item_huxing = self.huxing(item)
                # 小区价格
                item_Price = self.price(item)
                #把数据存放到字典中
                dict = {
                    "小区名称":item_name,
                    "小区位置":item_address,
                    "户型面积":item_huxing,
                    "价格":item_Price,
                }
                #每条字典更新到列表中
                self.items.append(dict)
                print("小区名称：%s | 位置：%s" %(item_name,item_address))
                print("%s｜价格：%s" %(item_huxing,item_Price))
                print("******************************************************************************")
                time.sleep(1)
                # print("小区名称：%s | 小区位置：%s |价格：%s" % (item_name,item_address,item_Price))
            except:
                print("读取出现问题！")


    def run(self):
        # 先要取得请求网址,请求网址的组合为城市拼音+上后面的网址
        citypinyin = self.citypinyin(self.city)
        #输入的城市请求网址
        city_url = ‘https://‘ + citypinyin + self.url
        headers = {
            "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3865.90 Safari/537.36"
        }
        #请求体
        city_request = urllib.request.Request(city_url,headers = headers)
        # 发送请求
        content = urllib.request.urlopen(city_request).read().decode()
        #处理响应数据，提取当前房源数量，判断应读取几页数据
        #创建bs4对象
        soup = BeautifulSoup(content,‘lxml‘)
        temp_page = int(soup.select(‘.list-results > .key-sort > .sort-condi > span > em‘)[0].text)
        #用取得的房源数量，计算需要读取多少页数据
        #每页有60条数据，如果能整除，那就有总数/60页，如果不能整除，那么就总数/60取整+1页。
        if temp_page <= 60:
            page = 1
        if (temp_page % 60) == 0:
            page = temp_page / 60
        else:
            page = (temp_page // 60) + 1

        #发送请求
        for page_num in range(page):
            #输入网址，页数，反回请求数据
            request = self.handle_request(city_url,page_num)
            content = urllib.request.urlopen(request).read().decode()
            #解析数据
            self.parse_content(content)
            time.sleep(2)
            #转成json格式
            string = json.dumps(self.items,ensure_ascii=False)
            #将数据写入文本中
            with open(‘安居客房价.txt‘,‘w‘,encoding=‘utf-8‘) as f:
                f.write(string)
                print("存入文本！")

def main():
    city = input("请输入城市名字：")
    #创建对象，开始爬取数据
    spider = anjuk_spider(city)
    spider.run()



if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:
    main()