MySQL简介

# 查看当前的默认存储引擎:
mysql> show variables like "default_storage_engine";

# 查询当前数据库支持的存储引擎
mysql> show engines \G;

mysql> create table ai(id bigint(12),name varchar(200)) ENGINE=MyISAM; 
mysql> create table country(id int(4),cname varchar(50)) ENGINE=InnoDB;

# 也可以使用alter table语句，修改一个已经存在的表的存储引擎。
mysql> alter table ai engine = innodb;

# my.ini文件
[mysqld]
default-storage-engine=INNODB

mysql> desc staff_info;
+-------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type                  | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id    | int(11)               | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| name  | varchar(50)           | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| age   | int(3)                | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| sex   | enum(‘male‘,‘female‘) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| phone | bigint(11)            | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| job   | varchar(11)           | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show create table staff_info\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
       Table: staff_info
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `staff_info` (
  `id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `name` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
  `age` int(3) DEFAULT NULL,
  `sex` enum(‘male‘,‘female‘) DEFAULT NULL,
  `phone` bigint(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `job` varchar(11) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
row in set (0.01 sec)

ERROR: 
No query specified

#不指定id，则自动增长
create table student(
id int primary key auto_increment,
name varchar(20),
sex enum(‘male‘,‘female‘) default ‘male‘
);

mysql> desc student;
+-------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type                  | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+-------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id    | int(11)               | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| name  | varchar(20)           | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| sex   | enum(‘male‘,‘female‘) | YES  |     | male    |                |
+-------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
mysql> insert into student(name) values
    -> (‘nick‘),
    -> (‘tank‘)
    -> ;

mysql> select * from student;
+----+------+------+
| id | name | sex  |
+----+------+------+
|  1 | nick | male |
|  2 | tank | male |
+----+------+------+


#也可以指定id
mysql> insert into student values(4,‘asb‘,‘female‘);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into student values(7,‘wsb‘,‘female‘);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from student;
+----+------+--------+
| id | name | sex    |
+----+------+--------+
|  1 | nick | male   |
|  2 | tank | male   |
|  4 | asb  | female |
|  7 | wsb  | female |
+----+------+--------+


#对于自增的字段，在用delete删除后，再插入值，该字段仍按照删除前的位置继续增长
mysql> delete from student;
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from student;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into student(name) values(‘ysb‘);
mysql> select * from student;
+----+------+------+
| id | name | sex  |
+----+------+------+
|  8 | ysb  | male |
+----+------+------+

#应该用truncate清空表，比起delete一条一条地删除记录，truncate是直接清空表，在删除大表时用它
mysql> truncate student;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> insert into student(name) values(‘nick‘);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> select * from student;
+----+------+------+
| id | name | sex  |
+----+------+------+
|  1 | nick | male |
+----+------+------+
row in set (0.00 sec)

#在创建完表后，修改自增字段的起始值
mysql> create table student(
    -> id int primary key auto_increment,
    -> name varchar(20),
    -> sex enum(‘male‘,‘female‘) default ‘male‘
    -> );

mysql> alter table student auto_increment=3;

mysql> show create table student;
.......
ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8

#也可以创建表时指定auto_increment的初始值，注意初始值的设置为表选项，应该放到括号外
create table student(
id int primary key auto_increment,
name varchar(20),
sex enum(‘male‘,‘female‘) default ‘male‘
)auto_increment=3;

mysql> create table t10 (name char(20),gender enum(‘female‘,‘male‘) );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

# 选择enum(‘female‘,‘male‘)中的一项作为gender的值，可以正常插入
mysql> insert into t10 values (‘nick‘,‘male‘);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

# 不能同时插入‘male,female‘两个值，也不能插入不属于‘male,female‘的值
mysql> insert into t10 values (‘nick‘,‘male,female‘);
ERROR 1265 (01000): Data truncated for column ‘gender‘ at row 1

mysql> create table t11 (name char(20),hobby set(‘抽烟‘,‘喝酒‘,‘烫头‘,‘翻车‘) );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

# 可以任意选择set(‘抽烟‘,‘喝酒‘,‘烫头‘,‘翻车‘)中的项，并自带去重功能
mysql> insert into t11 values (‘tank‘,‘烫头,喝酒,烫头‘);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> select * from t11;
+------+---------------+
| name | hobby        |
+------+---------------+
| tank | 喝酒,烫头     |
+------+---------------+
row in set (0.00 sec)

# 不能选择不属于set(‘抽烟‘,‘喝酒‘,‘烫头‘,‘翻车‘)中的项，
mysql> insert into t11 values (‘jason‘,‘烫头,翻车,看妹子‘);
ERROR 1265 (01000): Data truncated for column ‘hobby‘ at row 1

SELECT * FROM employee ORDER BY salary DESC 
    LIMIT 3;                    #默认初始位置为0 

SELECT * FROM employee ORDER BY salary DESC
    LIMIT 0,5; #从第0开始，即先出第一条，然后包含这一条在内往后查5条

SELECT * FROM employee ORDER BY salary DESC
    LIMIT 5,5; #从第5开始，即先出第6条，然后包含这一条在内往后查5条

SELECT * FROM employee WHERE emp_name REGEXP ‘^jas‘;
SELECT * FROM employee WHERE emp_name REGEXP ‘on$‘;
SELECT * FROM employee WHERE emp_name REGEXP ‘m{2}‘;

explain select * from news;