Linux操作系统的压缩、解压缩及归档工具介绍
作者：尹正杰
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一.compress/uncompress命令常用参数
Linux compress命令: 是一个相当古老的 unix 档案压缩指令，压缩后的档案会加上一个 .Z 延伸档名以区别未压缩的档案，压缩后的档案可以以 uncompress 解压。若要将数个档案压成一个压缩档，必须先将档案 tar 起来再压缩。由于 gzip 可以产生更理想的压缩比例，一般人多已改用 gzip 为档案压缩工具。 compress [-dfvcVr] [-b maxbits] [file ...] -d: 解压缩，相当于uncompress -c: 结果输出至标准输出,不删除原文件
-v:
显示详情 uncompress 解压缩 zcat file.Z >file
1>.安装commpress/uncompress软件包
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# yum -y install ncompress.x86_64 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * epel: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirror.bit.edu.cn Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package ncompress.x86_64 0:4.2.4.4-3.el7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved =================================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size =================================================================================================================================== Installing: ncompress x86_64 4.2.4.4-3.el7 base 26 k Transaction Summary =================================================================================================================================== Install 1 Package Total download size: 26 k Installed size: 35 k Downloading packages: ncompress-4.2.4.4-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 26 kB 00:00:00 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : ncompress-4.2.4.4-3.el7.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : ncompress-4.2.4.4-3.el7.x86_64 1/1 Installed: ncompress.x86_64 0:4.2.4.4-3.el7 Complete! [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
2>.压缩文件
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /var/log/messages -h -rw------- 1 root root 89K Dec 13 17:20 /var/log/messages [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# for _ in `seq 1000`;do cat /var/log/messages >> /root/message;done #创建测试压缩的文件 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll -h total 87M -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 87M Dec 13 17:45 message [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# compress message #compress命令压缩文件后会将源文件删除，并在源文件名称后缀中多了一个".Z" [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll -h total 18M -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18M Dec 13 17:45 message.Z #文件的确是变小啦。 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
3>.解压文件
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll -h total 18M -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18M Dec 13 17:45 message.Z [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# uncompress message.Z [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll -h total 87M -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 87M Dec 13 17:45 message [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
4>."-c"参数使用案例
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll -h total 87M -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 87M Dec 13 17:45 message [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# compress -c message > message.Z #不建议将压缩结果直接输出到标准输出，因为打印在标准输出咱们人为是读不懂的，因此可以考虑重定向，这样即压缩来源文件，也达到来不删除源文件的好处。 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll -h total 104M -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 87M Dec 13 17:45 message -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18M Dec 13 18:07 message.Z [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
5>.zcat使用案例
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll total 106344 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 90740000 Dec 13 17:45 message -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18150727 Dec 13 18:07 message.Z [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# zcat message.Z #预览压缩内容但并不解压 ...... Dec 13 15:01:01 node101 systemd: Started Session 55 of user root. Dec 13 15:01:01 node101 systemd: Removed slice User Slice of root. Dec 13 15:41:07 node101 systemd: Starting Cleanup of Temporary Directories... Dec 13 15:41:07 node101 systemd: Started Cleanup of Temporary Directories. Dec 13 16:01:01 node101 systemd: Created slice User Slice of root. Dec 13 16:01:01 node101 systemd: Started Session 56 of user root. Dec 13 16:01:01 node101 systemd: Removed slice User Slice of root. Dec 13 16:39:05 node101 sshd[333]: Accepted password for root from 172.30.1.2 port 50754 ssh2 Dec 13 16:39:05 node101 systemd: Created slice User Slice of root. Dec 13 16:39:05 node101 systemd-logind: New session 57 of user root. Dec 13 16:39:05 node101 systemd: Started Session 57 of user root. Dec 13 16:42:32 node101 chronyd[3582]: Source 116.203.151.74 replaced with 119.28.183.184 Dec 13 16:45:45 node101 chronyd[3582]: Selected source 119.28.183.184 Dec 13 16:45:45 node101 chronyd[3582]: System clock wrong by 165882.562596 seconds, adjustment started Dec 13 17:01:01 node101 systemd: Started Session 58 of user root. Dec 13 17:19:27 node101 chronyd[3582]: Source 144.76.76.107 replaced with 193.182.111.141 Dec 13 17:20:27 node101 sshd[2691]: Accepted password for root from 172.30.1.2 port 51751 ssh2 Dec 13 17:20:27 node101 systemd-logind: New session 59 of user root. Dec 13 17:20:27 node101 systemd: Started Session 59 of user root. [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll total 106344 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 90740000 Dec 13 17:45 message -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18150727 Dec 13 18:07 message.Z [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
6>.compress也支持交互式压缩
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll total 106344 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 90740000 Dec 13 17:45 message -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18150727 Dec 13 18:07 message.Z [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# compress > test.Z #按住"ctrl+d"就会结束命令行输出 88888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll total 106348 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 90740000 Dec 13 17:45 message -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18150727 Dec 13 18:07 message.Z -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 32 Dec 13 18:13 test.Z [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# zcat test.Z | wc -c #重复的次数越多，压缩比例就越高 320 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll total 106348 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 90740000 Dec 13 17:45 message -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18150727 Dec 13 18:07 message.Z -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 32 Dec 13 18:13 test.Z [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
7>."-d"参数介绍
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll total 106348 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 90740000 Dec 13 17:45 message -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18150727 Dec 13 18:07 message.Z -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 32 Dec 13 18:13 test.Z [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# compress -d test.Z #解压"test.Z"文件 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll total 106348 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 90740000 Dec 13 17:45 message -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18150727 Dec 13 18:07 message.Z -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 320 Dec 13 18:13 test [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
8>.compress命令支持将命令标准输出进行压缩
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# dmesg | compress > dmesg.Z [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll total 24 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 21010 Dec 13 18:22 dmesg.Z [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# uncompress dmesg.Z [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll total 48 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 46804 Dec 13 18:22 dmesg [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
9>.更多compress压缩命令帮助信息
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# compress --help Unknown flag: ‘-‘; Usage: compress [-dfvcVr] [-b maxbits] [file ...] -d If given, decompression is done instead. -c Write output on stdout, don‘t remove original. -b Parameter limits the max number of bits/code. -f Forces output file to be generated, even if one already. exists, and even if no space is saved by compressing. If -f is not used, the user will be prompted if stdin is. a tty, otherwise, the output file will not be overwritten. -v Write compression statistics. -V Output vesion and compile options. -r Recursive. If a filename is a directory, descend into it and compress everything in it. [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# man compress
二.gzip/gunzip
gzip [OPTION]... FILE ...
-d:
解压缩，相当于gunzip
-c:
结果输出至标准输出，保留原文件不改变
-num:
这个"num"对应的数字范围是:1-9，指定压缩比，值越大压缩比越大
zcat:
不显式解压缩的前提下查看文本文件内容
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原文：https://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/p/12052022.html