Python基础之用tkinter写界面

1 from tkinter import *
2 from tkinter.tix import Tk, Control, ComboBox  # 升级的组合控件包

root = Tk()  # 初始化tk

1     # 设置窗口标题
2     root.title("hello tkinter")
3     # 设置窗口大小 注意：是X 不是*
4     root.geometry("1024x768")
5     # 设置窗口是否可以变化长/宽，False不可变，True可变
6     root.resizable(width=True, height=True)
7     # 引入升级包，这样才能使用升级的组合控件
8     root.tk.eval(‘package require Tix‘)

1     activebackground, activeforeground, anchor, 
2     background, bitmap, borderwidth, cursor, 
3     disabledforeground, font, foreground, 
4     highlightbackground, highlightcolor, 
5     hightlightthickness, image, justify, 
6     padx, pady, relief, takefocus, text, 
7     textvariable, underline, wraplength, 
8     height, state, width

1     lable = Label(root, text="label", bg="pink", bd=10, font=("Arial", 12), width=8, height=3)
2     lable.pack(side=LEFT)

  1 # Booleans
  2 NO=FALSE=OFF=0
  3 YES=TRUE=ON=1
  4  
  5 # -anchor and -sticky
  6 N=‘n‘
  7 S=‘s‘
  8 W=‘w‘
  9 E=‘e‘
 10 NW=‘nw‘
 11 SW=‘sw‘
 12 NE=‘ne‘
 13 SE=‘se‘
 14 NS=‘ns‘
 15 EW=‘ew‘
 16 NSEW=‘nsew‘
 17 CENTER=‘center‘
 18  
 19 # -fill
 20 NONE=‘none‘
 21 X=‘x‘
 22 Y=‘y‘
 23 BOTH=‘both‘
 24  
 25 # -side
 26 LEFT=‘left‘
 27 TOP=‘top‘
 28 RIGHT=‘right‘
 29 BOTTOM=‘bottom‘
 30  
 31 # -relief
 32 RAISED=‘raised‘
 33 SUNKEN=‘sunken‘
 34 FLAT=‘flat‘
 35 RIDGE=‘ridge‘
 36 GROOVE=‘groove‘
 37 SOLID = ‘solid‘
 38  
 39 # -orient
 40 HORIZONTAL=‘horizontal‘
 41 VERTICAL=‘vertical‘
 42  
 43 # -tabs
 44 NUMERIC=‘numeric‘
 45  
 46 # -wrap
 47 CHAR=‘char‘
 48 WORD=‘word‘
 49  
 50 # -align
 51 BASELINE=‘baseline‘
 52  
 53 # -bordermode
 54 INSIDE=‘inside‘
 55 OUTSIDE=‘outside‘
 56  
 57 # Special tags, marks and insert positions
 58 SEL=‘sel‘
 59 SEL_FIRST=‘sel.first‘
 60 SEL_LAST=‘sel.last‘
 61 END=‘end‘
 62 INSERT=‘insert‘
 63 CURRENT=‘current‘
 64 ANCHOR=‘anchor‘
 65 ALL=‘all‘ # e.g. Canvas.delete(ALL)
 66  
 67 # Text widget and button states
 68 NORMAL=‘normal‘
 69 DISABLED=‘disabled‘
 70 ACTIVE=‘active‘
 71 # Canvas state
 72 HIDDEN=‘hidden‘
 73  
 74 # Menu item types
 75 CASCADE=‘cascade‘
 76 CHECKBUTTON=‘checkbutton‘
 77 COMMAND=‘command‘
 78 RADIOBUTTON=‘radiobutton‘
 79 SEPARATOR=‘separator‘
 80  
 81 # Selection modes for list boxes
 82 SINGLE=‘single‘
 83 BROWSE=‘browse‘
 84 MULTIPLE=‘multiple‘
 85 EXTENDED=‘extended‘
 86  
 87 # Activestyle for list boxes
 88 # NONE=‘none‘ is also valid
 89 DOTBOX=‘dotbox‘
 90 UNDERLINE=‘underline‘
 91  
 92 # Various canvas styles
 93 PIESLICE=‘pieslice‘
 94 CHORD=‘chord‘
 95 ARC=‘arc‘
 96 FIRST=‘first‘
 97 LAST=‘last‘
 98 BUTT=‘butt‘
 99 PROJECTING=‘projecting‘
100 ROUND=‘round‘
101 BEVEL=‘bevel‘
102 MITER=‘miter‘
103  
104 # Arguments to xview/yview
105 MOVETO=‘moveto‘
106 SCROLL=‘scroll‘
107 UNITS=‘units‘
108 PAGES=‘pages‘

root.mainloop()

1     """
2     command: 点击调用的方法
3     activeforeground: 点击时按钮上字的颜色
4     activebackground: 点击时按钮的背景颜色
5     """
6     button = Button(root, text=‘QUIT‘, command=root.quit, activeforeground="black", activebackground=‘blue‘, bg=‘red‘,
7                     fg=‘white‘)
8     button.pack(fill=Y, expand=1)

 1 def resize(ev=None):
 2     lable.config(font=‘Helvetica -%d bold‘ % scale.get())
 3 
 4 # 滑动条
 5 """
 6 from_: 滑动条起始值
 7 to: 滑动条终点值
 8 origent: 样式 两种样式 一横一竖
 9 """
10 scale = Scale(root, from_=10, to=40, orient=HORIZONTAL, command=resize)
11 scale.set(12)
12 scale.pack()

 1     # 数字选择框
 2     """
 3     integer: 是否为整数
 4     max: 最大值
 5     min: 最小值
 6     value: 初始值
 7     step: 步长
 8     """
 9     ct = Control(root, label=‘Number:‘, integer=True, max=12, min=2, value=2, step=2)
10     ct.label.config(font=‘Helvetica 14 bold‘)
11     ct.pack()

 1     # 下拉选择框
 2     """
 3     label: 前面要显示的字
 4     editable: 控制是否可更改
 5     insert(): 给下拉选择框添加选项
 6     """
 7     cb = ComboBox(root, label=‘Type:‘, editable=True)
 8     for animal in (‘dog‘, ‘cat‘, ‘hamster‘, ‘python‘):
 9         cb.insert(END, animal)
10     cb.pack()

 1     # 菜单选项
 2     menubar = Menu(root)
 3     root.config(menu=menubar)
 4     filemenu = Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)
 5     # 给menu添加一个选项
 6     menubar.add_cascade(label=‘文件‘, menu=filemenu)
 7     # 添加子选项
 8     filemenu.add_command(label=‘新建...‘, command=click())
 9     filemenu.add_command(label=‘打开...‘, command=click())
10     filemenu.add_command(label=‘保存...‘, command=click())
11     filemenu.add_command(label=‘关闭填写...‘, command=root.quit)

1     # frame相当于一个局部的窗体，可以用来装载其他控件
2     frame1 = Frame(root)
3     frame1.pack(fill=X)
4     label1 = Label(frame1, text=‘您的花名：‘)
5     label1.grid(row=1, column=0)

 1     # 单选框
 2     frame2 = Frame(root)
 3     frame2.pack(fill=X)
 4     label2 = Label(frame2, text=‘您的性别：‘)
 5     label2.grid(row=1, column=0)
 6     sex = StringVar()
 7     sex_male = Radiobutton(frame2, text=‘男‘, fg=‘blue‘, variable=sex, value=‘男‘)
 8     sex_male.grid(row=1, column=2)
 9     sex_female = Radiobutton(frame2, text=‘女‘, fg=‘red‘, variable=sex, value=‘女‘)
10     sex_female.grid(row=1, column=4)

 1     # 列表
 2     frame4 = Frame(root)
 3     frame4.pack(fill=X)
 4     label4 = Label(frame4, text=‘4、请删除您不会的变成语言：‘)
 5     label4.grid(row=1, column=0)
 6     listbox = Listbox(frame4)
 7     listbox.grid(row=1, column=1)
 8     for item in ["C", "C++", "JAVA", "PYTHON", "R", "SQL", "JS"]:
 9         listbox.insert(END, item)
10 
11     DELETE = Button(frame4, text=‘删除‘, command=lambda listbox=listbox: listbox.delete(ANCHOR))
12     DELETE.grid(row=1, column=2)
13     language = Button(frame4, text=‘确定‘)
14     language.grid(row=2, column=1)

 1 from tkinter import *
 2 
 3 
 4 class CanvasDemo:
 5     def __init__(self):
 6         window = Tk()
 7         window.title("CanvasDemo")
 8 
 9         self.canvas = Canvas(window, width=200, height=100, bg="White")
10         self.canvas.pack()
11 
12         frame = Frame(window)
13         frame.pack()
14 
15         btRectangle = Button(frame, text="长方形", command=self.displayRect)
16         btOval = Button(frame, text="椭 圆", command=self.displayOval)
17         btArc = Button(frame, text="圆 弧", command=self.displayArc)
18         btPolygon = Button(frame, text="多边形", command=self.displayPolygon)
19         btLine = Button(frame, text=" 线 ", command=self.displayLine)
20         btString = Button(frame, text="文 字", command=self.displayString)
21         btClear = Button(frame, text="清 空", command=self.clearCanvas)
22 
23         btRectangle.grid(row=1, column=1)
24         btOval.grid(row=1, column=2)
25         btArc.grid(row=1, column=3)
26         btPolygon.grid(row=1, column=4)
27         btLine.grid(row=1, column=5)
28         btString.grid(row=1, column=6)
29         btClear.grid(row=1, column=7)
30 
31         window.mainloop()
32 
33     def displayRect(self):
34         self.canvas.create_rectangle(10, 10, 190, 90, tags="rect")
35 
36     def displayOval(self):
37         self.canvas.create_oval(10, 10, 190, 90, tags="oval", fill="red")
38 
39     def displayArc(self):
40         self.canvas.create_arc(10, 10, 190, 90, start=-90, extent=90, width=5, fill="red", tags="arc")
41 
42     def displayPolygon(self):
43         self.canvas.create_polygon(10, 10, 190, 90, 30, 50, tags="polygon")
44 
45     def displayLine(self):
46         self.canvas.create_line(10, 10, 190, 90, fill=‘red‘, tags="line")
47         self.canvas.create_line(10, 90, 190, 10, width=9, arrow="last", activefill="blue", tags="line")
48 
49     def displayString(self):
50         self.canvas.create_text(60, 40, text="Hi,i am a string", font="Tine 10 bold underline", tags="string")
51 
52     def clearCanvas(self):
53         self.canvas.delete("rect", "oval", "arc", "polygon", "line", "string")
54 
55 
56 CanvasDemo()

1     # 多选框，onvalue代表被勾选时的值，offvalue代表不被勾选时的值
2     frame8 = Frame(root)
3     frame8.pack()
4     agree = StringVar()
5     agree = Checkbutton(frame8, text=‘我同意‘, variable=agree, onvalue=‘确定‘, offvalue=‘不确定‘,)
6     agree.grid()

1     # 容器框
2     frame10 = Frame(root)
3     frame10.pack()
4     group = LabelFrame(frame10, text=‘特别鸣谢‘, padx=5, pady=5)
5     group.grid()
6     w = Label(group, text=‘容器框‘)
7     w.pack()