邻居发现:使用hello包发现邻居
可靠传输协议(RTP):保证EIGRP的包到达所有的邻居。
保证到达的理由:hello包发送后,ack回应hello,OSPF在hello包后,没有ack回应,OSPF只有在LSU后,ack回应LSU
DUAL 弥散更新算法
Selects lowest-cost,loop free,paths to each destination
作用:
根据上图,说一下形成环路的具体情形:假设A要去E,A发现有3条路,到C的开销是10,开销最小,所以先到了C,然后C去判断,发现到E要130,但到A,再到B,再到E,加起来才是110,所以C又选择了A,就又回到了A,这就形成了环路。
DUAL术语
后继路由器:successor
最优的下一跳是后继路由器。
可行距离:Feasible distance(FD)
到达目的地的总开销
可行后继路由器:Feasible successor(FS)
最优的下一跳升级成后继路由器,那么剩下的也能到达目的地的下一跳,就是可行后继路由器。当successor坏掉了,FS就会被升级成successor,成为下一跳。由于有了FS,所以实现了快速收敛(不需要再次寻找路由,OSPF的话,就需要再次计算寻找新的路由)。
报告距离:Reported Distance(RD)/通告距离(AD)
邻居告诉我到达邻居的开销
可行条件:Feasibility Condition(FC)
能够成为FS的条件:自己的FD-自己的AD < successor的FD
并不是所有的可行通路上的路由器都能成为FS.
由于这个条件的存在,就防止了环路的形成。
协议独立模块(PDMs)
EIGRP支持网络层的IP,AppleTalk和Novell NetWare协议。
每一种网络协议支持EIGRP都有自己独立的模块
要维护3张表,而且表的创建顺序有要求必须要建立邻居表,然后是拓扑表,最好是路由表
邻居表
路由表
EIGRP Packets
EIGRP metric is IGRP metric multiplied by 256
下面5项信息放在hello包里,是key字段,key1是Bandwidth。
EIGRP Metric的计算公式:
一般情况下,计算metric时,只使用Bandwidth和delay,所以得出如下的公式:
metric = 256*[(10^7/链路中经过的最小带宽) + (所经过的链路延迟之和)]
网络拓扑:
串口:用于和外网连接,优点是网线长度可以很长,但是带宽太小,现在快被淘汰了。
直线:快速以太网的链路,网线有长度限制。
折线:串口间的链路。
配置ip
R1:
R1(config)#int f0/0
R1(config-if)#ip add 12.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no sh
R1(config-if)#int s1/0
R1(config-if)#ip add 13.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no sh
R1#show ip int b
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
FastEthernet0/0 12.1.1.1 YES manual up up
Serial1/0 13.1.1.1 YES manual up up
R2:
R2(config)#int f0/0
R2(config-if)#ip add 12.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no sh
R2(config-if)#int f1/0
R2(config-if)#ip add 24.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no sh
R2#show ip int b
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
FastEthernet0/0 12.1.1.2 YES manual up up
FastEthernet1/0 24.1.1.2 YES manual up up
R3:
R3(config)#int s0/0
R3(config-if)#ip add 13.1.1.3 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no sh
R3(config)#int s0/1
R3(config-if)#ip add 34.1.1.3 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no sh
R3#show ip int b
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
Serial0/0 13.1.1.3 YES manual up up
Serial0/1 34.1.1.3 YES manual up up
R4:
R4(config-if)#ip add 24.1.1.4 255.255.255.0
R4(config-if)#no sh
R4(config-if)#int s1/0
R4(config-if)#ip add 34.1.1.4 255.255.255.0
R4(config-if)#no sh
R4(config-if)#int lo0
R4(config-if)#ip add 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.255
R4#show ip int b
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
FastEthernet0/0 24.1.1.4 YES manual up up
Serial1/0 34.1.1.4 YES manual up up
启动EIGRP协议
在全局模式下启动,启动后,要先关闭自动汇总,然后宣告自己的网段。
宣告网段时:RIP不需要指定子网掩码,OSPF必须指定反掩码,EIGRP可以指定子网掩码也可以不指定;可以指定反掩码也可以不指定。
R1:
R1(config)#router eig
R1(config)#router eigrp ?
<1-65535> Autonomous system number
R1(config)#router eigrp 100
R1(config-router)#
R1(config-router)#no auto-summary
R1(config-router)#net 12.1.1.0 0.0.0.255(反掩码)
R1(config-router)#do show run | sec eigrp(查看掩码)
router eigrp 100
network 12.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
no auto-summary
R1(config-router)#no net 12.1.1.0 0.0.0.255(删除)
R1(config-router)#net 12.1.1.0 255.255.255.0(再用掩码)
R1(config-router)#do show run | sec eigrp(查看掩码)
router eigrp 100
network 12.1.1.0 0.0.0.255(还是反掩码,即使用掩码宣告)
no auto-summary
R1(config-router)#no net 12.1.1.0 255.255.255.0(删除)
R1(config-router)#net 12.1.1.0(不指定掩码)
R1(config-router)#do show run | sec eigrp
router eigrp 100
network 12.0.0.0
no auto-summary
R1(config-router)#net 13.1.1.1 0.0.0.255
R2:
R2(config)#router eigrp 100
R2(config-router)#no au
R2(config-router)#net 12.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
R2(config-router)#
*Mar 1 00:39:10.811: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP(0) 100: Neighbor 12.1.1.1 (FastEthernet0/0) is up: new adjacency
R2(config-router)#net 24.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
R3:
R3(config)#router eigrp 100
R3(config-router)#no au
R3(config-router)#net 13.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
R3(config-router)#net
*Mar 1 00:41:32.223: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP(0) 100: Neighbor 13.1.1.1 (Serial0/0) is up: new adjacency
R3(config-router)#net 34.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
R4:
R4(config)#router eigrp 100
R4(config-router)#no au
R4(config-router)#net 24.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
*Mar 1 00:42:29.687: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP(0) 100: Neighbor 24.1.1.2 (FastEthernet0/0) is up: new adjacency
R4(config-router)#net 34.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
*Mar 1 00:42:38.787: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP(0) 100: Neighbor 34.1.1.3 (Serial1/0) is up: new adjacency
R4(config-router)#net 4.4.4.4 0.0.0.0
启动完eigrp后,查看邻居:show ip eigrp neighbors
R1:
R1#show ip eigrp neighbors
IP-EIGRP neighbors for process 100
H Address Interface Hold Uptime SRTT RTO Q Seq
(sec) (ms) Cnt Num
1 13.1.1.3 Se1/0 14 00:02:46 61 366 0 11
0 12.1.1.2 Fa0/0 13 00:05:04 60 360 0 13
R2:
R2#show ip eigrp neighbors
IP-EIGRP neighbors for process 100
H Address Interface Hold Uptime SRTT RTO Q Seq
(sec) (ms) Cnt Num
1 24.1.1.4 Fa1/0 10 00:03:16 60 360 0 11
0 12.1.1.1 Fa0/0 12 00:06:42 64 384 0 13
R3:
R3#show ip eigrp neighbors
IP-EIGRP neighbors for process 100
H Address Interface Hold Uptime SRTT RTO Q Seq
(sec) (ms) Cnt Num
1 34.1.1.4 Se0/1 10 00:03:31 84 504 0 10
0 13.1.1.1 Se0/0 13 00:04:49 58 348 0 12
R4:
R4#show ip eigrp neighbors
IP-EIGRP neighbors for process 100
H Address Interface Hold Uptime SRTT RTO Q Seq
(sec) (ms) Cnt Num
1 34.1.1.3 Se1/0 12 00:04:03 20 200 0 12
0 24.1.1.2 Fa0/0 12 00:04:13 626 3756 0 14
启动完eigrp后,查看拓扑表:show ip eigrp topology
R1:发现到目的4.4.4.4只有一条路径,就是经过上面的12.1.1.2,下面的那条其实也是连通的,但由于是串口(折线)的带宽太小,导致不符合上面提到的【可行条件:Feasibility Condition(FC)】,所以没能成为FS。虽然没能成为FS,但使用show ip eigrp topology all-links
,也能看到此通路。
(158720/156160):前面的数字是可行距离(FD),后面的数字的通告距离(AD)
由于2809856 - 2297856 = 512000 >158720,所以没能成为FS。
R1#show ip eigrp topology
IP-EIGRP Topology Table for AS(100)/ID(13.1.1.1)
Codes: P - Passive, A - Active, U - Update, Q - Query, R - Reply,
r - reply Status, s - sia Status
P 4.4.4.4/32, 1 successors, FD is 158720
via 12.1.1.2 (158720/156160), FastEthernet0/0
P 12.1.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 28160
via Connected, FastEthernet0/0
P 13.1.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 2169856
via Connected, Serial1/0
P 24.1.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 30720
via 12.1.1.2 (30720/28160), FastEthernet0/0
P 34.1.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 2174976
via 12.1.1.2 (2174976/2172416), FastEthernet0/0
via 13.1.1.3 (2681856/2169856), Serial1/0
R1#show ip eigrp topology all-links
IP-EIGRP Topology Table for AS(100)/ID(13.1.1.1)
Codes: P - Passive, A - Active, U - Update, Q - Query, R - Reply,
r - reply Status, s - sia Status
P 4.4.4.4/32, 1 successors, FD is 158720, serno 9
via 12.1.1.2 (158720/156160), FastEthernet0/0
via 13.1.1.3 (2809856/2297856), Serial1/0
P 12.1.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 28160, serno 3
via Connected, FastEthernet0/0
P 13.1.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 2169856, serno 4
via Connected, Serial1/0
P 24.1.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 30720, serno 5
via 12.1.1.2 (30720/28160), FastEthernet0/0
via 13.1.1.3 (2684416/2172416), Serial1/0
P 34.1.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 2174976, serno 7
via 12.1.1.2 (2174976/2172416), FastEthernet0/0
via 13.1.1.3 (2681856/2169856), Serial1/0
R1#show ip route
34.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D 34.1.1.0 [90/2174976] via 12.1.1.2, 00:20:17, FastEthernet0/0
4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D 4.4.4.4 [90/158720] via 12.1.1.2, 00:20:02, FastEthernet0/0
24.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D 24.1.1.0 [90/30720] via 12.1.1.2, 00:20:17, FastEthernet0/0
12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 12.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
13.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
路由表里的[90/158720]:90是eigrp的内部管理距离;158720是计算出来的度量值
R2:
R2#show ip eigrp topology
IP-EIGRP Topology Table for AS(100)/ID(24.1.1.2)
Codes: P - Passive, A - Active, U - Update, Q - Query, R - Reply,
r - reply Status, s - sia Status
P 4.4.4.4/32, 1 successors, FD is 156160
via 24.1.1.4 (156160/128256), FastEthernet1/0
P 12.1.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 28160
via Connected, FastEthernet0/0
P 13.1.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 2172416
via 12.1.1.1 (2172416/2169856), FastEthernet0/0
P 24.1.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 28160
via Connected, FastEthernet1/0
P 34.1.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 2172416
via 24.1.1.4 (2172416/2169856), FastEthernet1/0
R2#show ip eigrp topology all-links
IP-EIGRP Topology Table for AS(100)/ID(24.1.1.2)
Codes: P - Passive, A - Active, U - Update, Q - Query, R - Reply,
r - reply Status, s - sia Status
P 4.4.4.4/32, 1 successors, FD is 156160, serno 7
via 24.1.1.4 (156160/128256), FastEthernet1/0
P 12.1.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 28160, serno 1
via Connected, FastEthernet0/0
P 13.1.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 2172416, serno 2
via 12.1.1.1 (2172416/2169856), FastEthernet0/0
P 24.1.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 28160, serno 3
via Connected, FastEthernet1/0
P 34.1.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 2172416, serno 6
via 24.1.1.4 (2172416/2169856), FastEthernet1/0
R2#show ip route
34.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D 34.1.1.0 [90/2172416] via 24.1.1.4, 00:19:50, FastEthernet1/0
4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D 4.4.4.4 [90/156160] via 24.1.1.4, 00:19:35, FastEthernet1/0
24.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 24.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 12.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
13.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D 13.1.1.0 [90/2172416] via 12.1.1.1, 00:23:24, FastEthernet0/0
R3:
R3#show ip eigrp topology
IP-EIGRP Topology Table for AS(100)/ID(34.1.1.3)
Codes: P - Passive, A - Active, U - Update, Q - Query, R - Reply,
r - reply Status, s - sia Status
P 4.4.4.4/32, 1 successors, FD is 2297856
via 34.1.1.4 (2297856/128256), Serial0/1
via 13.1.1.1 (2302976/158720), Serial0/0
P 12.1.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 2172416
via 13.1.1.1 (2172416/28160), Serial0/0
via 34.1.1.4 (2174976/30720), Serial0/1
P 13.1.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 2169856
via Connected, Serial0/0
P 24.1.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 2172416
via 34.1.1.4 (2172416/28160), Serial0/1
via 13.1.1.1 (2174976/30720), Serial0/0
P 34.1.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 2169856
via Connected, Serial0/1
R3#show ip eigrp topology all-links
IP-EIGRP Topology Table for AS(100)/ID(34.1.1.3)
Codes: P - Passive, A - Active, U - Update, Q - Query, R - Reply,
r - reply Status, s - sia Status
P 4.4.4.4/32, 1 successors, FD is 2297856, serno 6
via 34.1.1.4 (2297856/128256), Serial0/1
via 13.1.1.1 (2302976/158720), Serial0/0
P 12.1.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 2172416, serno 2
via 13.1.1.1 (2172416/28160), Serial0/0
via 34.1.1.4 (2174976/30720), Serial0/1
P 13.1.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 2169856, serno 1
via Connected, Serial0/0
via 34.1.1.4 (2686976/2174976), Serial0/1
P 24.1.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 2172416, serno 5
via 34.1.1.4 (2172416/28160), Serial0/1
via 13.1.1.1 (2174976/30720), Serial0/0
P 34.1.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 2169856, serno 4
via Connected, Serial0/1
via 13.1.1.1 (2686976/2174976), Serial0/0
R3#show ip route
34.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 34.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0/1
4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D 4.4.4.4 [90/2297856] via 34.1.1.4, 00:19:26, Serial0/1
24.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D 24.1.1.0 [90/2172416] via 34.1.1.4, 00:19:42, Serial0/1
12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D 12.1.1.0 [90/2172416] via 13.1.1.1, 00:19:42, Serial0/0
13.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 13.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0
R4:
R4#show ip eigrp topology
IP-EIGRP Topology Table for AS(100)/ID(4.4.4.4)
Codes: P - Passive, A - Active, U - Update, Q - Query, R - Reply,
r - reply Status, s - sia Status
P 4.4.4.4/32, 1 successors, FD is 128256
via Connected, Loopback0
P 12.1.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 30720
via 24.1.1.2 (30720/28160), FastEthernet0/0
P 13.1.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 2174976
via 24.1.1.2 (2174976/2172416), FastEthernet0/0
via 34.1.1.3 (2681856/2169856), Serial1/0
P 24.1.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 28160
via Connected, FastEthernet0/0
P 34.1.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 2169856
via Connected, Serial1/0
R4#show ip eigrp topology all-links
IP-EIGRP Topology Table for AS(100)/ID(4.4.4.4)
Codes: P - Passive, A - Active, U - Update, Q - Query, R - Reply,
r - reply Status, s - sia Status
P 4.4.4.4/32, 1 successors, FD is 128256, serno 6
via Connected, Loopback0
P 12.1.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 30720, serno 2
via 24.1.1.2 (30720/28160), FastEthernet0/0
via 34.1.1.3 (2684416/2172416), Serial1/0
P 13.1.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 2174976, serno 3
via 24.1.1.2 (2174976/2172416), FastEthernet0/0
via 34.1.1.3 (2681856/2169856), Serial1/0
P 24.1.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 28160, serno 1
via Connected, FastEthernet0/0
P 34.1.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 2169856, serno 5
via Connected, Serial1/0
R4#show ip route
34.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 34.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0
4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 4.4.4.4 is directly connected, Loopback0
24.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 24.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D 12.1.1.0 [90/30720] via 24.1.1.2, 00:22:01, FastEthernet0/0
13.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D 13.1.1.0 [90/2174976] via 24.1.1.2, 00:22:01, FastEthernet0/0
修改接口的带宽命令:进入接口后,执行bandwidth 数字
修改接口的延迟命令:进入接口后,执行delay 数字(单位是毫秒)
原文:https://www.cnblogs.com/xiaoshiwang/p/12195437.html