作形式主语 / 宾语 （独有）
时间，天气，季节，距离
指代上文内容
指婴儿（无性别），未知的人或事
单独的人称代词用宾格
Me too.
of + 宾格
成分
分别是形容词和名词作用~~（废话）~~
用法注意
形容词性物主代词后有名词， 名词性物主代词后没有名词。
结构
若想把形容词性物主代词和a, an, the, this, that, these, those, some, any, several, no, each, every, such, another, which一起用，结构改成
上述词 + n. + of + 名词性物主代词
与单独的of所有格用法区分
a picture of Tom \(\Rightarrow\)?上面有Tom
a picture of Tom‘s?\(\Rightarrow\)?归Tom所有
主谓一致
意义一致。
作状语
| do sth. + | 意思 | 相同含义的表达方式 |
|---|---|---|
| oneself | 亲自 | personally, in person |
| by oneself | 独自做 | alone |
| for oneself | 独立做 为自己 |
without being helped |
作宾语
teach oneself 自学
enjoy oneself 过得愉快
dress oneself 自己穿衣服
can‘t help oneself +doing 情不自禁
help oneself +to sth?自便
talk / speak to oneself 自言自语
feed oneself = eat for oneself 独立进食
seat oneself 就座? = take one‘s seat
一般用法
that, those \(\Rightarrow\) 远处，指代上文
this, these \(\Rightarrow\) 近处，指代下文
that
可以用来指代句子或者句子的一部分
| 名词或定语 | all, both, each, either, neither, more, little, few, much, many, some, any, one |
| 只作定语 | another, other, very, no |
| 只作名词 | something, anything, everything, somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nothing, no one, everybody, everyone, others |
all VS both
all \(\Rightarrow\) 三者及以上
both \(\Rightarrow\) 两者
all / both of them = they / them all / both
neither VS nor
不同的人干同一件事 \(\Rightarrow\) neither
相同的人干不同的事 \(\Rightarrow\) nor
注意?both ... are not （部分否定）?\(\neq\)?neither ... is （全部否定）
no one VS none VS nothing
no one \(\Rightarrow\) 指人；后不加 of；回答Who提问
none \(\Rightarrow\) 指物或人；后可加 of，也可单独用作答语；回答How many / much提问；有范围
nothing \(\Rightarrow\) 指物；无范围
one, the one, it, that
one是泛指，the one, it, that是特指
it是同一个
the one 与 that 意义相同 （同理，the ones 和 those 意义相同）
The book on the shelf is more interesting than that / the one on the desk.
the one 不用于 n.[U]
The weather of NJ is better than that of BJ.
that 不用于省略关系代词的定语从句
The hat you bought is bigger than the one (此处省略了which / that) I bought.
some VS any
some与any在肯定句与否定 / 疑问句中可互相转化
some 有“某一”的意思
some也可用于肯定疑问句中，表示期望得到肯定回答或认为对方回答会是肯定的
Would you like ... ?
any也可用于肯定句中，表示”任何“
other
两个：one ..., the other ...
三个（枚举）：one ..., one(another)..., the other(the third) ...
三个及以上（分类）：some ..., the others ...
another: 泛指另一个
特殊用法：another + 基数词 + n.[plu] （主谓一致）
others: 泛指另外多个
he others: 剩余的全部
few, little
only a few / little = few / little 表示否定含义
quite a few + n.[plu] = not a few + n.[plu] = many a + n.[sing]?= many + n.[plu]
not a little = much
at: 时刻
in
on
this, last, next, every不和介词一起用
with
工具，要用代词 / 冠词
with(out) 的独立主格
怎么都行
in
材料，无冠词
不能直立的交通工具 car, taxi
（区别 on: 能直立的交通工具plane, bike, bus）
此时有冠词
固定搭配
省略的情形
be busy (in) doing
have difficulty / trouble / problem (in) doing
(in) this / that way
spend ... (in) doing
have a good time (in) doing
waste ... (in) doing
It‘s no good / use (in) doing
区分There‘s no need to do
by
(第三讲 专项练习) III. 6. A great man shows his greatness _____ the way he treats little man.
A. under B. with C. on D. by
answer
D.
besides \(\Rightarrow\) 排除
包括[1]
except, but \(\Rightarrow\) 同类
but 后面可以跟句子，遵循有do无to原则。
except \(\Rightarrow\) 不同类
by
与完成时连用，后不可接完整句子。
[until](#till / until)
out of reach / sight / place / order 不可及 / 不可见 / 错位 / 无章
leave by the door 从门口走
in all 总共 after all 终究
fall into the bed, sink into the chair
(第三讲 专项练习) III. 3. Modern equipment and no smoking are two of the things I like _____ working here.
A. with B. over C. at D. about
answer
D.
非否定句中表示或者，否定句中替代and
不可连用
然而，although 与 yet / still 可以连用
even though / if \(\Rightarrow\) 即使
even so \(\Rightarrow\) 即使这样
the only, the very, the same （主谓一致）
the +adj. = adj. + people （主谓一致）
the + 姓氏复数 \(\Rightarrow\) 一家人
v. + sb + in / on the + 身体部位
take sb. by the hand
上文提到过，特指
专有名词
江河湖海
国名
复数形式
Philippines
缩写
the UK, the US, the PRC
事实上，是因为其中带有 Kingdom, State, Republic
山脉，the Alps / Himalayas / Rockies
但是 Mount Everest
西洋乐器
棋类运动
带有一般词的专有名词
the World Trade Centre
the Great Wall
the Empire State building
报刊杂志，the Times， the People‘s Daily
朝代，the Tang Dynasty
天体， the sun, the moon, the star, the sky, the world, the sea~~, the God~~
军队，the army, the fire brigade, the police
城市中的地点
饭店， 餐馆，酒吧，影院，戏院，博物馆，画廊
the ... + of + ...
the history of China 比较 Chinese history
惯用语
in the?day
in the morning ( / ...)
the?day before yesterday
the?day after tomorrow
the next morning
next表示现在和将来时没有next，在间接引语中改为过去要变成the next.
in the?dark / rain / distance （在远处）
in the?middle of
at the beginning / end of
in the?end
the top / bottom of
the?left / right
on the whole
by the?way 顺便一提
in the way 挡路
in the?sky / water/ field / country
on the phone
be under the?weather 身体不适
take the medicine
listen to the?radio
at the office
a与an
元音音节。
an hour, a European
表示“一”
a + 姓名 / 姓氏
A?Mr. Thomson wanted to see you.
频率，... times + a + 时间单位
惯用语
in a way = in one way = in some way(s)
另： (get) in the way of\(\Rightarrow\)?挡路 on one‘s way \(\Rightarrow\)?在路上
have a try
make a living
take an interest in
lend / give sb. a hand
for a while
in a hurry
in a word
take a bath / shower / rest / walk
a?heavy traffic
区分 the traffic \(\Rightarrow\)?特指
have a?great?lunch
区分 have lunch, 无形容词
have a good time
惯用语
give up tobacco
have fun
watch TV （泛指）
比较 turn down the?television （特指）
一般的next, last
城市中的地点
人名 / 地点 + 机场 / 车站 / 大学 / 城堡
street, road, square, Baker Street, Wall Street[2], Times Square
at work
| 意义 | 意义 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| at the table | 在桌旁 | at table | 吃饭 |
| by the day | 以天计 | by day | 白天 |
| take the place (of) | 取代 | take place | 发生 |
| in the future | （长远的）未来 | in future | （迫近的）未来 |
| go to the college / church / prison / school / hospital | 去大学 / 教堂 / 监狱 / 学校 / 医院 | go to college / church / prison / school / hospital | 作礼拜 / 上大学 / 蹲监狱 / 上学 / 看病 |
| on the bed | 在床上面 | in bed | 盖被子；睡觉 |
| on the top of | 在顶端 | on top of | 在顶上；除了以外 |
| a / the + 职业 / 身份 and a / the + 职业 / 身份 | 两个人 | a / the + 职业 / 身份 and + 职业 / 身份 | 同一个人 |
原文：https://www.cnblogs.com/Mackerel-Pike/p/12559644.html