首页 > 其他 > 详细

深度学习笔记(二十)网络的参数量(param) 和浮点计算量(FLOPs)

时间:2020-04-08 16:40:12      阅读:1417      评论:0      收藏:0      [点我收藏+]

参考:

1. CNN 模型所需的计算力(flops)和参数(parameters)数量是怎么计算的?

2. TensorFlow 模型浮点数计算量和参数量统计

3. How fast is my model?

计算公式

理论上的计算公式如下:

\begin{equation}
\label{FLOPs}
\begin{split}
& param_{conv} = (k_w * k_h * c_{in}) * c_{out} + c_{out} \\
& macc_{conv} = (k_w * k_h * c_{in}) * c_{out} * H * W \\
& FLOPs_{conv} = [2 * (k_w * k_h * c_{in}) * c_{out} + c_{out}] * H * W \\
& param_{fc} = (n_{in} * n_{out}) + n_{out} \\
& macc_{fc} = n_{in} * n_{out} \\
& FLOPs_{fc} = 2 * (n_{in} * n_{out}) + n_{out} \\
\end{split}
\end{equation}

注:以上公式是考虑常规卷积/全连接层操作且有 bias 的情况!

卷积层的参数量和卷积核的大小、输入输出通道数相关;全连接层的参数量则只与输入输出通道数有关。

MACCs:是multiply-accumulate operations,指点积运算, 一个 macc = 2FLOPs

FLOPs 的全称是 floating points of operations,即浮点运算次数,用来衡量模型的计算复杂度。计算 FLOPs 实际上是计算模型中乘法和加法的运算次数。卷积层的浮点运算次数不仅取决于卷积核的大小和输入输出通道数,还取决于特征图的大小;而全连接层的浮点运算次数和参数量是相同的。

特别的,对于 Group Conv:

\begin{equation}
\label{GC_FLOPs}
\begin{split}
& param_{GC} = (k_w * k_h * \frac{c_{in}}{G}) * c_{out} + c_{out} \\
& macc_{GC} = (k_w * k_h * \frac{c_{in}}{G}) * c_{out} * H * W \\
& FLOPs_{GC} = [2 * (k_w * k_h * \frac{c_{in}}{G}) * c_{out} + c_{out}] * H * W \\
\end{split}
\end{equation}

手动计算

简单起见,这里以 LeNet 为例:

技术分享图片

我们这里先手工计算下:

\begin{equation}
\label{Example}
\begin{split}
& param_{conv1} = (5^2 * 1) * 20 + 20 = 520 \\
& macc_{conv1} = (5^2 * 1) * 20 * 24 * 24 = 288k \\
& FLOPs_{conv1} = 2 * macc_{conv1} + 20 * 24 * 24 = 587.52k \\
& \\
& FLOPs_{pool1} = 20 * 24 * 24 = 11.52k \\
& \\
& param_{conv2} = (5^2 * 20) * 50) + 50 = 25.05k \\
& macc_{conv1} = (5^2 * 20) * 50 * 8 * 8 = 1.6M \\
& FLOPs_{conv2} = 2 * macc_{conv2} + 50 * 8 * 8 = 3203.2k \\
& \\
& FLOPs_{pool2} = 50 * 8 * 8 = 3.2k \\
& \\
& param_{ip1} = (50*4*4) * 500 + 500 = 400.5k \\
& macc_{ip1} = (50*4*4) * 500 = 400k  \\
& FLOPs_{ip1} = 2* macc_{ip1} + 500 = 800.5k \\
&\\
& param_{ip2} = 500 * 10 + 10 = 5.01k \\
& macc_{ip2} = 500 * 10 = 5k \\
& FLOPs_{ip2} = 2 * macc_{ip2} + 10 = 10.01k \\
\end{split}
\end{equation}

那么,对于 Depthwise Separable Convolution = DW+PW 的

Caffe

技术分享图片
name: "LeNet"

input: "data"
input_shape {
  dim: 1
  dim: 1
  dim: 28
  dim: 28
}
layer {
  name: "conv1"
  type: "Convolution"
  bottom: "data"
  top: "conv1"
  param {
    lr_mult: 1
  }
  param {
    lr_mult: 2
  }
  convolution_param {
    num_output: 20
    kernel_size: 5
    stride: 1
    weight_filler {
      type: "xavier"
    }
    bias_filler {
      type: "constant"
    }
  }
}
layer {
  name: "pool1"
  type: "Pooling"
  bottom: "conv1"
  top: "pool1"
  pooling_param {
    pool: MAX
    kernel_size: 2
    stride: 2
  }
}
layer {
  name: "conv2"
  type: "Convolution"
  bottom: "pool1"
  top: "conv2"
  param {
    lr_mult: 1
  }
  param {
    lr_mult: 2
  }
  convolution_param {
    num_output: 50
    kernel_size: 5
    stride: 1
    weight_filler {
      type: "xavier"
    }
    bias_filler {
      type: "constant"
    }
  }
}
layer {
  name: "pool2"
  type: "Pooling"
  bottom: "conv2"
  top: "pool2"
  pooling_param {
    pool: MAX
    kernel_size: 2
    stride: 2
  }
}
layer {
  name: "ip1"
  type: "InnerProduct"
  bottom: "pool2"
  top: "ip1"
  param {
    lr_mult: 1
  }
  param {
    lr_mult: 2
  }
  inner_product_param {
    num_output: 500
    weight_filler {
      type: "xavier"
    }
    bias_filler {
      type: "constant"
    }
  }
}
layer {
  name: "relu1"
  type: "ReLU"
  bottom: "ip1"
  top: "ip1"
}
layer {
  name: "ip2"
  type: "InnerProduct"
  bottom: "ip1"
  top: "ip2"
  param {
    lr_mult: 1
  }
  param {
    lr_mult: 2
  }
  inner_product_param {
    num_output: 10
    weight_filler {
      type: "xavier"
    }
    bias_filler {
      type: "constant"
    }
  }
}
View Code

 我们可以把网络用 Netscope 工具打开,直接得到结果:

技术分享图片

TensorFlow

技术分享图片
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.examples.tutorials.mnist import input_data

# ================================================================ #
#                        Train a Sample Model                      #
# ================================================================ #
# 1. create data
mnist = input_data.read_data_sets(../MNIST, one_hot=True)
with tf.variable_scope(Input):
    tf_x = tf.placeholder(dtype=tf.float32, shape=[None, 28 * 28], name=x)
    image = tf.reshape(tf_x, [-1, 28, 28, 1], name=image)
    tf_y = tf.placeholder(dtype=tf.float32, shape=[None, 10], name=y)
    is_training = tf.placeholder(dtype=tf.bool, shape=None)

# 2. define Network
with tf.variable_scope(Net):
    """
    "SAME" 类型的padding:
    out_height = ceil(in_height / strides[1]); ceil向上取整
    out_width = ceil(in_width / strides[2])

    "VALID"类型的padding:
    out_height = ceil((in_height - filter_height + 1) / striders[1])
    out_width = ceil((in_width - filter_width + 1) / striders[2]
    """
    conv1 = tf.layers.conv2d(inputs=image, filters=20, kernel_size=5,
                             strides=1, padding=valid, activation=None, name=conv1)  # 20x24x24
    pool1 = tf.layers.max_pooling2d(inputs=conv1, pool_size=2, strides=2, name=pool1)  # 20x12x12
    conv2 = tf.layers.conv2d(pool1, 50, 5, 1, valid, activation=None, name=conv2)  # 50x8x8
    pool2 = tf.layers.max_pooling2d(conv2, 2, 2, name=pool2)  # 50x4x4
    pool2_flat = tf.reshape(pool2, [-1, 4 * 4 * 50])
    fc1 = tf.layers.dense(pool2_flat, 500, tf.nn.relu, name=ip1)  # 500
    predict = tf.layers.dense(fc1, 10, name=ip2)  # 10

# 3. define loss & accuracy
with tf.name_scope(loss):
    loss = tf.losses.softmax_cross_entropy(onehot_labels=tf_y, logits=predict, label_smoothing=0.01)
with tf.name_scope(accuracy):
    # tf.metrics.accuracy() 返回 累计[上次的平均accuracy, 这次的平均accuracy]
    accuracy = tf.metrics.accuracy(labels=tf.argmax(tf_y, axis=1), predictions=tf.argmax(predict, axis=1))[1]

# 4. define optimizer
with tf.name_scope(train):
    optimizer_op = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(1e-4).minimize(loss)

# 5. initialize
init_op = tf.group(tf.global_variables_initializer(), tf.local_variables_initializer())

# 6.train
saver = tf.train.Saver()
save_path = ./leNet_mnist.ckpt

with tf.Session() as sess:
    sess.run(init_op)
    for step in range(11000):
        """
        mnist.train.num_examples=55000
        11000*100/mnist.train.num_examples=20epochs
        """
        batch_x, batch_y = mnist.train.next_batch(100)
        _, ls = sess.run([optimizer_op, loss],
                         feed_dict={tf_x: batch_x, tf_y: batch_y, is_training: True})
        if step % 100 == 0:
            acc_test = sess.run(accuracy,
                                feed_dict={tf_x: mnist.test.images, tf_y: mnist.test.labels,
                                           is_training: False})
            print(Step: , step,  | train loss: {:.4f} | test accuracy: {:.3f}.format(ls, acc_test))
            sess.run(tf.local_variables_initializer())  # 不加上这句的话 accuracy 就是个累积平均值了
    saver.save(sess, save_path)

# 7.test
with tf.Session() as sess:
    sess.run(init_op)
    saver.restore(sess, save_path)
    acc_test = sess.run(accuracy, feed_dict={tf_x: mnist.test.images,
                                             tf_y: mnist.test.labels,
                                             is_training: False})
    print(test accuracy: {}.format(acc_test)) # test accuracy: 0.991100013256073
View Code

训练得到示例模型 LeNet_mnist.ckpt, 随后为了确定输出节点(Net/ip2/BiasAdd),我们需要到 tensorboard 里去瞅瞅

技术分享图片
from tensorflow.summary import FileWriter
sess = tf.Session()
tf.train.import_meta_graph("leNet_mnist.ckpt.meta")
FileWriter("__tb", sess.graph)
View Code

知道了输出节点我们就可以将模型转换成 pb 文件了并计算 FLOPs 了:

技术分享图片
# ================================================================ #
#                Convert ckpt to pb & Compute FLOPs                #
# ================================================================ #
from tensorflow.python.framework import graph_util


def stats_graph(graph):
    flops = tf.profiler.profile(graph, options=tf.profiler.ProfileOptionBuilder.float_operation())
    params = tf.profiler.profile(graph, options=tf.profiler.ProfileOptionBuilder.trainable_variables_parameter())
    print(FLOPs: {};    Trainable params: {}.format(flops.total_float_ops, params.total_parameters))


with tf.Graph().as_default() as graph:
    # 1. Create Graph
    image = tf.Variable(initial_value=tf.random_normal([1, 28, 28, 1]))
    conv1 = tf.layers.conv2d(inputs=image, filters=20, kernel_size=5,
                             strides=1, padding=valid, activation=None, name=conv1)  # 20x24x24
    pool1 = tf.layers.max_pooling2d(inputs=conv1, pool_size=2, strides=2, name=pool1)  # 20x12x12
    conv2 = tf.layers.conv2d(pool1, 50, 5, 1, valid, activation=None, name=conv2)  # 50x8x8
    pool2 = tf.layers.max_pooling2d(conv2, 2, 2, name=pool2)  # 50x4x4
    pool2_flat = tf.reshape(pool2, [-1, 4 * 4 * 50])
    fc1 = tf.layers.dense(pool2_flat, 500, tf.nn.relu, name=ip1)  # 500
    predict = tf.layers.dense(fc1, 10, name=ip2)  # 10
    print(stats before freezing)
    stats_graph(graph)

    # 2. Freeze Graph
    with tf.Session() as sess:
        sess.run(tf.global_variables_initializer())
        output_graph = graph_util.convert_variables_to_constants(sess, graph.as_graph_def(), [ip2/BiasAdd])
        with tf.gfile.GFile(LeNet_mnist.pb, "wb") as f:
            f.write(output_graph.SerializeToString())


def load_pb(pb):
    with tf.gfile.GFile(pb, "rb") as f:
        graph_def = tf.GraphDef()
        graph_def.ParseFromString(f.read())
    with tf.Graph().as_default() as graph:
        tf.import_graph_def(graph_def, name=‘‘)
        return graph


# 3. Load Frozen Graph
graph = load_pb(LeNet_mnist.pb)
print(stats after freezing)
stats_graph(graph)
View Code

stats before freezing
FLOPs: 5478522;    Trainable params: 431864
stats after freezing
FLOPs: 4615950;    Trainable params: 0

 具体的:

node name | # parameters
_TFProfRoot (--/431.86k params)
  Variable (1x28x28x1, 784/784 params)
  conv1 (--/520 params)
    conv1/bias (20, 20/20 params)
    conv1/kernel (5x5x1x20, 500/500 params)
  conv2 (--/25.05k params)
    conv2/bias (50, 50/50 params)
    conv2/kernel (5x5x20x50, 25.00k/25.00k params)
  ip1 (--/400.50k params)
    ip1/bias (500, 500/500 params)
    ip1/kernel (800x500, 400.00k/400.00k params)
  ip2 (--/5.01k params)
    ip2/bias (10, 10/10 params)
    ip2/kernel (500x10, 5.00k/5.00k params)

node name | # float_ops
_TFProfRoot (--/4.62m flops)
  conv2/Conv2D (3.20m/3.20m flops)
  ip1/MatMul (800.00k/800.00k flops)
  conv1/Conv2D (576.00k/576.00k flops)
  conv1/BiasAdd (11.52k/11.52k flops)
  pool1/MaxPool (11.52k/11.52k flops)
  ip2/MatMul (10.00k/10.00k flops)
  conv2/BiasAdd (3.20k/3.20k flops)
  pool2/MaxPool (3.20k/3.20k flops)
  ip1/BiasAdd (500/500 flops)
  ip2/BiasAdd (10/10 flops)

PyTorch

技术分享图片
import torch
import torchvision
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
import torchvision.transforms as transforms
from torchsummary import summary

# Device configuration
device = torch.device(cpu) #torch.device(‘cuda: 0‘ if torch.cuda.is_available() else ‘cup‘)
print(device, torch.__version__)

# Hyper parameters
num_epochs = 5
num_classes = 10
batch_size = 100
learning_rate = 0.01

# MINST DATASET
train_dataset = torchvision.datasets.MNIST(root=H:/Other_Datasets/,
                                           train=True,
                                           transform=transforms.ToTensor(),
                                           download=True)

test_dataset = torchvision.datasets.MNIST(root=H:/Other_Datasets/,
                                          train=False,
                                          transform=transforms.ToTensor())

# Data loader
train_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(dataset=train_dataset,
                                           batch_size=batch_size,
                                           shuffle=True)
test_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(dataset=test_dataset,
                                          batch_size=batch_size,
                                          shuffle=False)


class LeNet(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, in_channels, num_classes):
        super(LeNet, self).__init__()
        self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, 20, kernel_size=5, stride=1)  # 20x24x24
        self.pool1 = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2)  # 20x12x12
        self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(20, 50, kernel_size=5, stride=1)  # 50x8x8
        self.pool2 = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2)  # 50x4x4
        self.fc1 = nn.Linear(50 * 4 * 4, 500)  # 500
        self.fc2 = nn.Linear(500, num_classes)  # 10

    def forward(self, input):
        out = self.conv1(input)
        out = self.pool1(out)
        out = self.conv2(out)
        out = self.pool2(out)
        out = out.reshape(out.size(0), -1)  # pytorch folow NCHW convention
        out = F.relu(self.fc1(out))
        out = self.fc2(out)
        return out


model = LeNet(1, num_classes).to(device)
View Code

 可直接使用 torchsummary 模块统计参数量

summary(model, (1, 28, 28), device=device.type)
"""
----------------------------------------------------------------
        Layer (type)               Output Shape         Param #
================================================================
            Conv2d-1           [-1, 20, 24, 24]             520
         MaxPool2d-2           [-1, 20, 12, 12]               0
            Conv2d-3             [-1, 50, 8, 8]          25,050
         MaxPool2d-4             [-1, 50, 4, 4]               0
            Linear-5                  [-1, 500]         400,500
            Linear-6                   [-1, 10]           5,010
================================================================
Total params: 431,080
Trainable params: 431,080
Non-trainable params: 0
----------------------------------------------------------------
Input size (MB): 0.00
Forward/backward pass size (MB): 0.14
Params size (MB): 1.64
Estimated Total Size (MB): 1.79
----------------------------------------------------------------
"""

 1. 使用开源工具 pytorch-OpCounter 

from thop import profile
input = torch.randn(1, 1, 28, 28)
macs, params = profile(model, inputs=(input, ))
print(Total macc:{}, Total params: {}.format(macs, params))
"""
Total macc:2307720.0, Total params: 431080.0
"""

 2. 使用开源工具 torchstat

from torchstat import stat
stat(model, (1, 28, 28))
"""
      module name  input shape output shape    params memory(MB)         MAdd        Flops  MemRead(B)  MemWrite(B) duration[%]  MemR+W(B)
0           conv1    1  28  28   20  24  24     520.0       0.04    576,000.0    299,520.0      5216.0      46080.0      99.99%    51296.0
1           pool1   20  24  24   20  12  12       0.0       0.01      8,640.0     11,520.0     46080.0      11520.0       0.00%    57600.0
2           conv2   20  12  12   50   8   8   25050.0       0.01  3,200,000.0  1,603,200.0    111720.0      12800.0       0.00%   124520.0
3           pool2   50   8   8   50   4   4       0.0       0.00      2,400.0      3,200.0     12800.0       3200.0       0.00%    16000.0
4             fc1          800          500  400500.0       0.00    799,500.0    400,000.0   1605200.0       2000.0       0.00%  1607200.0
5             fc2          500           10    5010.0       0.00      9,990.0      5,000.0     22040.0         40.0       0.00%    22080.0
total                                        431080.0       0.07  4,596,530.0  2,322,440.0     22040.0         40.0      99.99%  1878696.0
==========================================================================================================================================
Total params: 431,080
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total memory: 0.07MB
Total MAdd: 4.6MMAdd
Total Flops: 2.32MFlops
Total MemR+W: 1.79MB
"""

不过,貌似这里和论文中的计算方式不一样,感觉上 conv = macc/2 + bias_op, fc = macc, pool 对于 caffe 的 comp

ps: 网上有评论说 MAdd 和 Flops 应该对调!

深度学习笔记(二十)网络的参数量(param) 和浮点计算量(FLOPs)

原文:https://www.cnblogs.com/xuanyuyt/p/12653041.html

(0)
(0)
   
举报
评论 一句话评论(0
关于我们 - 联系我们 - 留言反馈 - 联系我们:wmxa8@hotmail.com
© 2014 bubuko.com 版权所有
打开技术之扣,分享程序人生!