环境搭建
创建Maven项目选择webapp骨架创建(需要手动创建java和resources文件夹)，在pom.xml中导入依赖的坐标
<properties>
<!--版本锁定，指定spring的版本-->
<spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
配置SpringMVC组件
将SpringMVC组件注入到spring容器中，在resources目录下创建SpringMVC.xml配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!--配置spring创建时要扫描的包-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.chenpeng.controller"/>
<!--配置视图解析器-->
<bean id="internalResourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<!--配置前缀-->
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"></property>
<!--配置后缀-->
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
</bean>
<!--配置spring开启注解mvc的支持，自动加载处理器适配器和处理器映射器-->
<mvc:annotation-driven conversion-service="conversionService"/>
</beans>
配置SpringMVC的核心控制器，在webapp/WEB-INF目录下配置web.xml
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
"-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
"http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >
<web-app>
<!--配置SpringMVC的前端控制器-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!--配置Servlet的初始化参数，读取SpringMVC的配置文件，创建spring容器-->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:SpringMVC.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<!--配置Servlet启动时加载对象-->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
创建控制器和视图页面
在java目录下创建控制器类com.chenpeng.controller.HelloController
/**
* 控制器
*/
@Controller
@RequestMapping(path = "/user")
public class HelloController {
/**
* 入门案例
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(path = "/hello")//请求映射注解
public String sayHello(){
System.out.println("Hello SpringMVC");
return "success";
}
}
删除骨架生成的index.jsp重新创建主页视图index.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>入门程序</h1>
<a href="user/hello">hello SpringMVC</a>
</body>
</html>
在webapp/WEB-INF目录下创建目录pages，在其中创建success.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" isELIgnored="false"%>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>入门成功</h1>
</body>
</html>
@RequestMapping注解
@PathVariable注解
作用：绑定url中的占位符
属性：
restful风格url
例如
<a href="anno/chenyu">PathVariable注解</a>
/**
* PathVariable注解
* @param id
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(path = "/{id}")
public String testPathVariable(@PathVariable(value = "id")String id){
System.out.println(id);
return "success";
}
请求参数的绑定说明
基本数据类型和String类型的参数绑定
<a href="param/testParam?name=aaa&age=20">请求参数绑定</a>
/**
* 请求参数绑定入门
* @param name
* @param age
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(path = "/testParam")
public String testParam(String name,Integer age){
System.out.println("执行了"+name+age);
return "success";
}
实体类型的参数绑定
如果实体类中只有基本数据类型和String类型的属性，则需要提交表单的name和实体类中的属性名称一致，例如
public class User implements Serializable {
private String username;
private String password;
private Double money;
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public Double getMoney() {
return money;
}
public void setMoney(Double money) {
this.money = money;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"username=‘" + username + ‘\‘‘ +
", password=‘" + password + ‘\‘‘ +
", money=" + money+
‘}‘;
}
}
<form action="param/saveUser">
用户名：<input type="text" name="username"><br>
密码：<input type="text" name="password"><br>
金额：<input type="text" name="money"><br>
<input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
/**
* 请求参数绑定把数据封装到实体类中
* @param user
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(path = "/saveUser")
public String saveUser(User user){
System.out.println("执行了");
System.out.println(user);
return "success";
}
如果实体类中包含其他的实体类对象，那么表单的name属性需要写成对象.属性名，例如
public class Account implements Serializable {
private String name;
private Integer age;
private Date birthday;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
public Date getBirthday() {
return birthday;
}
public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
this.birthday = birthday;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Account{" +
"name=‘" + name + ‘\‘‘ +
", age=" + age +
", birthday=" + birthday +
‘}‘;
}
}
public class User implements Serializable {
private String username;
private String password;
private Double money;
private Account account;
...
public Account getAccount() {
return account;
}
public void setAccount(Account account) {
this.account = account;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"username=‘" + username + ‘\‘‘ +
", password=‘" + password + ‘\‘‘ +
", money=" + money +
", account=" + account +
‘}‘;
}
}
<form action="param/saveUser">
用户名：<input type="text" name="username"><br>
密码：<input type="text" name="password"><br>
金额：<input type="text" name="money"><br>
姓名：<input type="text" name="account.name"><br>
年龄：<input type="text" name="account.age"><br>
<input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
/**
* 实体类中包含其他实体类对象
* @param account
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(path = "/saveAccount")
public String saveAccount(Account account){
System.out.println("执行了");
System.out.println(account);
return "success";
}
集合类型的参数绑定
对于list类型集合，表单的name属性需要写成list[下标].属性名
对于map类型集合，表单的name属性需要写成map[键].属性名
public class User implements Serializable {
private String username;
private String password;
private Double money;
private List<Account> list;
private Map<String,Account> map;
...
public List<Account> getList() {
return list;
}
public void setList(List<Account> list) {
this.list = list;
}
public Map<String, Account> getMap() {
return map;
}
public void setMap(Map<String, Account> map) {
this.map = map;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"username=‘" + username + ‘\‘‘ +
", password=‘" + password + ‘\‘‘ +
", money=" + money +
", list=" + list +
", map=" + map +
‘}‘;
}
}
<form action="param/saveUser" method="post">
用户名：<input type="text" name="username"><br>
密码：<input type="text" name="password"><br>
金额：<input type="text" name="money"><br>
姓名：<input type="text" name="list[0].name"><br>
年龄：<input type="text" name="list[0].age"><br>
姓名：<input type="text" name="map[‘cy‘].name"><br>
年龄：<input type="text" name="map[‘cy‘].age"><br>
<input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
自定义类型转换器
表单提交的数据都是String类型，SpringMVC框架内部为我们进行了数据类型转换得到我们想要的数据类型，我们也可以自定义数据类型转换，自定义类型转换器需要实现Converter接口
在java目录下创建类com.chenpeng.utils.StringToDateConverter
//把字符串转换成日期格式
public class StringToDateConverter implements Converter<String, Date> {
@Override
public Date convert(String s) {
if(s == null){
throw new RuntimeException("请您输入生日");
}else{
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
try {
return sdf.parse(s);
} catch (ParseException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("自定义转换出错");
}
}
}
}
注册自定义类型转换器，在SpringMVC.xml中添加配置
<!--配置自定义转换器-->
<bean id="conversionService" class="org.springframework.context.support.ConversionServiceFactoryBean">
<property name="converters">
<set>
<bean class="com.chenpeng.utils.StringToDateConverter"></bean>
</set>
</property>
</bean>
在控制器中使用原生ServletAPI对象
SpringMVC支持使用原生ServletAPI对象作为控制器的参数
/**
* Servlet的原生API对象
* @param request,response
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(path = "/testServlet")
public String testServlet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response){
System.out.println("执行了");
System.out.println(request);
System.out.println(response);
return "success";
}
解决请求参数中文乱码的问题
在webapp/WEB-INF目录下的web.xml中添加配置
<!--配置解决中文乱码的问题-->
<filter>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
@RequestParam注解
/**
* RequestParam注解
* @param username
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(path = "/testRequestParam")
public String testRequestParam(@RequestParam(name = "name")String username){//name属性和value属性可以替换使用
System.out.println("执行了");
System.out.println(username);
return "success";
}
@RequestBody注解
/**
* RequestBody注解
* @param body
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(path = "/testRequestBody")
public String testRequestBody(@RequestBody String body){
System.out.println("执行了");
System.out.println(body);
return "success";
}
@RequestHeader注解
/**
* RequestHeader注解
* @param header
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(path = "/testRequestHeader")
public String testRequestHeader(@RequestHeader(value = "Accept")String header){
System.out.println(header);
return "success";
}
@CookieValue注解
/**
* CookieValue注解
* @param cookieValue
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(path = "/testCookieValue")
public String testCookieValue(@CookieValue(value = "JSESSIONID")String cookieValue){
System.out.println(cookieValue);
return "success";
}
@ModelAttribute注解
/**
* ModelAttribute注解，作用在方法上，当前方法会在控制器方法执行钱执行
* @return
*/
@ModelAttribute
public User showUser(){
System.out.println("showUser执行了");
User user = new User();
user.setUsername("chenyu");
user.setPassword("123456");
user.setMoney(500.0);
return user;
}
@RequestMapping(path = "/updateUser")
public String updateUser(User user){
System.out.println(user);
return "success";
}
@ModelAttribute
public void showUser(Map<String,User> map){
System.out.println("showUser执行了");
User user = new User();
user.setUsername("chenyuyu");
user.setPassword("123456");
user.setMoney(500.0);
map.put("cy",user);
}
/**
* ModelAttribute注解，作用在参数上，表示获取指定的数据给参数赋值
* @param user
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(path = "/displayUser")
public String displayUser(@ModelAttribute(value = "cy") User user){
System.out.println(user);
return "success";
}
@SessionAttributes注解
@SessionAttributes(value = {"username","password","age"},types = {String.class,Integer.class})
public class AnnoController {
/**
* 向session域中保存数据
* @param model
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(path = "/saveSession")
public String saveSession(Model model){
System.out.println("向session域中保存数据");
model.addAttribute("username","chenyu");
model.addAttribute("password","666");
model.addAttribute("age",123456);
return "success";
}
/**
* 从session域中取出数据
* @param modelMap
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(path = "/getSession")
public String getSession(ModelMap modelMap){
System.out.println("从session域中取出数据");
String username = (String) modelMap.get("username");
String password = (String) modelMap.get("password");
Integer age = (Integer) modelMap.get("age");
System.out.println(username+password+age);
return "success";
}
/**
* 清除session域中的数据
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(path = "/deleteSession")
public String deleteSession(SessionStatus sessionStatus){
System.out.println("清除session域中的数据");
sessionStatus.setComplete();
return "success";
}
}
原文：https://www.cnblogs.com/codeDD/p/12699100.html