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如何停止一个正在运行的线程?

时间:2020-05-08 17:06:25      阅读:74      评论:0      收藏:0      [点我收藏+]

作者:王晓符
www.cnblogs.com/greta/p/5624839.html

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停止一个线程意味着在任务处理完任务之前停掉正在做的操作,也就是放弃当前的操作。停止一个线程可以用Thread.stop()方法,但最好不要用它。

虽然它确实可以停止一个正在运行的线程,但是这个方法是不安全的,而且是已被废弃的方法。

在java中有以下3种方法可以终止正在运行的线程:

  • 使用退出标志,使线程正常退出,也就是当run方法完成后线程终止

  • 使用stop方法强行终止,但是不推荐这个方法,因为stop和suspend及resume一样都是过期作废的方法

  • 使用interrupt方法中断线程

1、停止不了的线程

interrupt()方法的使用效果并不像for+break语句那样,马上就停止循环。调用interrupt方法是在当前线程中打了一个停止标志,并不是真的停止线程。

public?class?MyThread?extends?Thread?{
????public?void?run(){
????????super.run();
????????for(int?i=0; i<500000; i++){
????????????System.out.println("i="+(i+1));
????????}
????}
}

public?class?Run?{
????public?static?void?main(String args\[\]){
????????Thread thread =?new?MyThread();
????????thread.start();
????????try?{
????????????Thread.sleep(2000);
????????????thread.interrupt();
????????}?catch?(InterruptedException e) {
????????????e.printStackTrace();
????????}
????}
}

输出结果:

...
i=499994
i=499995
i=499996
i=499997
i=499998
i=499999
i=500000

2、判断线程是否停止状态

Thread.java类中提供了两种方法:

  • this.interrupted(): 测试当前线程是否已经中断;

  • this.isInterrupted(): 测试线程是否已经中断;

那么这两个方法有什么图区别呢?

我们先来看看this.interrupted()方法的解释:测试当前线程是否已经中断,当前线程是指运行this.interrupted()方法的线程。

public?class?MyThread?extends?Thread?{
????public?void?run(){
????????super.run();
????????for(int?i=0; i<500000; i++){
????????????i++;
// System.out.println("i="+(i+1));
????????}
????}
}

public?class?Run?{
????public?static?void?main(String args[]){
????????Thread thread =?new?MyThread();
????????thread.start();
????????try?{
????????????Thread.sleep(2000);
????????????thread.interrupt();

????????????System.out.println("stop 1??"?+ thread.interrupted());
????????????System.out.println("stop 2??"?+ thread.interrupted());
????????}?catch?(InterruptedException e) {
????????????e.printStackTrace();
????????}
????}
}

运行结果:

stop?1??false
stop?2??false

类Run.java中虽然是在thread对象上调用以下代码:thread.interrupt(), 后面又使用

System.out.println("stop?1??" +?thread.interrupted());
System.out.println("stop?2??" +?thread.interrupted());

来判断thread对象所代表的线程是否停止,但从控制台打印的结果来看,线程并未停止,这也证明了interrupted()方法的解释,测试当前线程是否已经中断。

这个当前线程是main,它从未中断过,所以打印的结果是两个false.

如何使main线程产生中断效果呢?

public?class?Run2?{
????public?static?void?main(String args[]){
????????Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
????????System.out.println("stop 1??"?+ Thread.interrupted());
????????System.out.println("stop 2??"?+ Thread.interrupted());

????????System.out.println("End");
????}
}

运行效果为:

stop?1??true
stop?2??false
End

方法interrupted()的确判断出当前线程是否是停止状态。但为什么第2个布尔值是false呢?官方帮助文档中对interrupted方法的解释:

测试当前线程是否已经中断。线程的中断状态由该方法清除。换句话说,如果连续两次调用该方法,则第二次调用返回false。

下面来看一下inInterrupted()方法。

public?class?Run3?{
????public?static?void?main(String args[]){
????????Thread thread =?new?MyThread();
????????thread.start();
????????thread.interrupt();
????????System.out.println("stop 1??"?+ thread.isInterrupted());
????????System.out.println("stop 2??"?+ thread.isInterrupted());
????}
}

运行结果:

stop?1??true
stop?2??true

isInterrupted()并为清除状态,所以打印了两个true。

3. 能停止的线程--异常法

有了前面学习过的知识点,就可以在线程中用for语句来判断一下线程是否是停止状态,如果是停止状态,则后面的代码不再运行即可:

public?class?MyThread?extends?Thread?{
????public?void?run(){
????????super.run();
????????for(int?i=0; i<500000; i++){
????????????if(this.interrupted()) {
????????????????System.out.println("线程已经终止, for循环不再执行");
????????????????break;
????????????}
????????????System.out.println("i="+(i+1));
????????}
????}
}

public?class?Run?{
????public?static?void?main(String args[]){
????????Thread thread =?new?MyThread();
????????thread.start();
????????try?{
????????????Thread.sleep(2000);
????????????thread.interrupt();
????????}?catch?(InterruptedException e) {
????????????e.printStackTrace();
????????}
????}
}

运行结果:


...
i=202053
i=202054
i=202055
i=202056

线程已经终止, for循环不再执行

上面的示例虽然停止了线程,但如果for语句下面还有语句,还是会继续运行的。看下面的例子:

public?class?MyThread?extends?Thread?{
????public?void?run(){
????????super.run();
????????for(int?i=0; i<500000; i++){
????????????if(this.interrupted()) {
????????????????System.out.println("线程已经终止, for循环不再执行");
????????????????break;
????????????}
????????????System.out.println("i="+(i+1));
????????}

????????System.out.println("这是for循环外面的语句,也会被执行");
????}
}

使用Run.java执行的结果是:

...
i=180136
i=180137
i=180138
i=180139

线程已经终止, for循环不再执行

这是for循环外面的语句,也会被执行

如何解决语句继续运行的问题呢?看一下更新后的代码:

public?class?MyThread?extends?Thread?{
????public?void?run(){
????????super.run();
????????try?{
????????????for(int?i=0; i<500000; i++){
????????????????if(this.interrupted()) {
????????????????????System.out.println("线程已经终止, for循环不再执行");
????????????????????????throw?new?InterruptedException();
????????????????}
????????????????System.out.println("i="+(i+1));
????????????}

????????????System.out.println("这是for循环外面的语句,也会被执行");
????????}?catch?(InterruptedException e) {
????????????System.out.println("进入MyThread.java类中的catch了。。。");
????????????e.printStackTrace();
????????}
????}
}

使用Run.java运行的结果如下:

...
i=203798
i=203799
i=203800
线程已经终止,?for循环不再执行
进入MyThread.java类中的catch了。。。
java.lang.InterruptedException
????at thread.MyThread.run(MyThread.java:13)

4. 在沉睡中停止

如果线程在sleep()状态下停止线程,会是什么效果呢?

public?class?MyThread?extends?Thread?{
????public?void?run(){
????????super.run();

????????try?{
????????????System.out.println("线程开始。。。");
????????????Thread.sleep(200000);
????????????System.out.println("线程结束。");
????????}?catch?(InterruptedException e) {
????????????System.out.println("在沉睡中被停止, 进入catch, 调用isInterrupted()方法的结果是:"?+?this.isInterrupted());
????????????e.printStackTrace();
????????}

????}
}

使用Run.java运行的结果是:

线程开始。。。
在沉睡中被停止, 进入catch, 调用isInterrupted()方法的结果是:false
java.lang.InterruptedException:?sleep?interrupted
????at?java.lang.Thread.sleep(Native?Method)
????at?thread.MyThread.run(MyThread.java:12)

从打印的结果来看, 如果在sleep状态下停止某一线程,会进入catch语句,并且清除停止状态值,使之变为false。

前一个实验是先sleep然后再用interrupt()停止,与之相反的操作在学习过程中也要注意,一文搞懂 Java 线程中断,推荐看这篇文章。关注微信公众号:Java技术栈,在后台回复:多线程,可以获取我整理的 N 篇最新多线程教程,都是干货。

public?class?MyThread?extends?Thread?{
????public?void?run(){
????????super.run();
????????try?{
????????????System.out.println("线程开始。。。");
????????????for(int?i=0; i<10000; i++){
????????????????System.out.println("i="?+ i);
????????????}
????????????Thread.sleep(200000);
????????????System.out.println("线程结束。");
????????}?catch?(InterruptedException e) {
?????????????System.out.println("先停止,再遇到sleep,进入catch异常");
????????????e.printStackTrace();
????????}

????}
}

public?class?Run?{
????public?static?void?main(String args[]){
????????Thread thread =?new?MyThread();
????????thread.start();
????????thread.interrupt();
????}
}

运行结果:

i=9998
i=9999
先停止,再遇到sleep,进入catch异常
java.lang.InterruptedException:?sleep?interrupted
????at java.lang.Thread.sleep(Native Method)
????at thread.MyThread.run(MyThread.java:15)

5、能停止的线程---暴力停止

使用stop()方法停止线程则是非常暴力的。如何"优雅"地终止一个线程,推荐大家看下。

public?class?MyThread?extends?Thread?{
????private?int?i =?0;
????public?void?run(){
????????super.run();
????????try?{
????????????while?(true){
????????????????System.out.println("i="?+ i);
????????????????i++;
????????????????Thread.sleep(200);
????????????}
????????}?catch?(InterruptedException e) {
????????????e.printStackTrace();
????????}
????}
}

public?class?Run?{
????public?static?void?main(String args[])?throws?InterruptedException?{
????????Thread thread =?new?MyThread();
????????thread.start();
????????Thread.sleep(2000);
????????thread.stop();
????}
}

运行结果:

i=0
i=1
i=2
i=3
i=4
i=5
i=6
i=7
i=8
i=9

Process finished with?exit?code?0

6、方法stop()与java.lang.ThreadDeath异常

调用stop()方法时会抛出java.lang.ThreadDeath异常,但是通常情况下,此异常不需要显示地捕捉。

public?class?MyThread?extends?Thread?{
????private?int?i =?0;
????public?void?run(){
????????super.run();
????????try?{
????????????this.stop();
????????}?catch?(ThreadDeath e) {
????????????System.out.println("进入异常catch");
????????????e.printStackTrace();
????????}
????}
}

public?class?Run?{
????public?static?void?main(String args[])?throws?InterruptedException?{
????????Thread thread =?new?MyThread();
????????thread.start();
????}
}

stop()方法以及作废,因为如果强制让线程停止有可能使一些清理性的工作得不到完成。另外一个情况就是对锁定的对象进行了解锁,导致数据得不到同步的处理,出现数据不一致的问题。

7. 释放锁的不良后果

使用stop()释放锁将会给数据造成不一致性的结果。如果出现这样的情况,程序处理的数据就有可能遭到破坏,最终导致程序执行的流程错误,一定要特别注意:

public?class?SynchronizedObject?{
????private?String name =?"a";
????private?String password =?"aa";

????public?synchronized?void?printString(String name, String password){
????????try?{
????????????this.name = name;
????????????Thread.sleep(100000);
????????????this.password = password;
????????}?catch?(InterruptedException e) {
????????????e.printStackTrace();
????????}
????}

????public?String?getName()?{
????????return?name;
????}

????public?void?setName(String name)?{
????????this.name = name;
????}

????public?String?getPassword()?{
????????return?password;
????}

????public?void?setPassword(String password)?{
????????this.password = password;
????}
}

public?class?MyThread?extends?Thread?{
????private?SynchronizedObject synchronizedObject;
????public?MyThread(SynchronizedObject synchronizedObject){
????????this.synchronizedObject = synchronizedObject;
????}

????public?void?run(){
????????synchronizedObject.printString("b",?"bb");
????}
}

public?class?Run?{
????public?static?void?main(String args[])?throws?InterruptedException?{
????????SynchronizedObject synchronizedObject =?new?SynchronizedObject();
????????Thread thread =?new?MyThread(synchronizedObject);
????????thread.start();
????????Thread.sleep(500);
????????thread.stop();
????????System.out.println(synchronizedObject.getName() +?" "?+ synchronizedObject.getPassword());
????}
}

输出结果:

b??aa

由于stop()方法以及在JDK中被标明为“过期/作废”的方法,显然它在功能上具有缺陷,所以不建议在程序张使用stop()方法。

8. 使用return停止线程

将方法interrupt()与return结合使用也能实现停止线程的效果:

public?class?MyThread?extends?Thread?{
????public?void?run(){
????????while?(true){
????????????if(this.isInterrupted()){
????????????????System.out.println("线程被停止了!");
????????????????return;
????????????}
????????????System.out.println("Time: "?+ System.currentTimeMillis());
????????}
????}
}

public?class?Run?{
????public?static?void?main(String args[])?throws?InterruptedException?{
????????Thread thread =?new?MyThread();
????????thread.start();
????????Thread.sleep(2000);
????????thread.interrupt();
????}
}

输出结果:

...
Time: 1467072288503
Time: 1467072288503
Time: 1467072288503
线程被停止了!

不过还是建议使用“抛异常”的方法来实现线程的停止,因为在catch块中还可以将异常向上抛,使线程停止事件得以传播。

推荐去我的博客阅读更多:

1.Java JVM、集合、多线程、新特性系列教程

2.Spring MVC、Spring Boot、Spring Cloud 系列教程

3.Maven、Git、Eclipse、Intellij IDEA 系列工具教程

4.Java、后端、架构、阿里巴巴等大厂最新面试题

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如何停止一个正在运行的线程?

原文:https://www.cnblogs.com/javastack/p/12851165.html

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