1.准备安装包：
MySQL-5.6.26-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm-bundle
mysql-connector-java-5.1.39.jar（驱动,需要放入/hive/lib）
apache-hive-1.2.1-bin.tar.gz
2.安装mysql 数据用于储存元数据，hive自带Derby,但该数据库不稳定，使用mysql作为元数据管理
1）. 只需要安装在集群里面的一台节点上即可，此处选择hadoop1节点
2）. 在Hadoop1上安装mariadb
yum -y install mariadb-server mariadb
3）. 开启服务并开机自启
systemctl start mariadb.service
systemctl enable mariadb.service
4）. 设置密码。第一次登陆时直接空密码登陆，之后使用sql语句设置密码
mysql -u root -p
登录之后，先查看databases是否正常，之后sql语句设置密码
> use mysql;
> update user set password=password( ‘123456‘ ) where user= ‘root‘ ;
然后设置root用户可以从任何主机登陆，对任何的库和表都有访问权限
> grant all privileges on *.* to root@‘%‘ identified by ‘123456‘;
> grant all privileges on *.* to root@‘hadoop1‘ identified by ‘123456‘;
> grant all privileges on *.* to root@‘localhost‘ identified by ‘123456‘;
> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
3.配置hive环境变量
export HIVE_HOME=/software/hive
export PATH=$PATH:$HIVE_HOME/bin
使配置生效 source /etc/profile
4.进入/hive/conf 修改 hive-env.sh 新增环境路径
1). cp hive-env.sh.template hive-env.sh
2). vi hive-env.sh 添加 环境路径
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java/jdk1.8.0_65
export HADOOP_HOME=/software/hadoop-3.2.0
export HIVE_HOME=/software/hive
export HIVE_CONF_DIR=/software/hive/conf
export HIVE_AUX_JARS_PATH=/software/hive/lib
5.配置hive-default.xml（注意是修改，根据key替换value） 元数据管理方式由默认的derby改为mysql
1.将hive-default.xml 改名为hive-site.xml
2.配置数据库信息
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>
<value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hive?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true</value>
<description>JDBC connect string for a JDBC metastore</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>
<value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>
<description>Driver class name for a JDBC metastore</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>
<value>root</value>
<description>username to use against metastore database</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>
<value>root</value>
<description>password to use against metastore database</description>
</property>
6.在hive下新建一个文件夹tmp，然后在hive-site.xml中增加下面配置。没有这个配置在启动hive时会报错。
<property>
<name>system:java.io.tmpdir</name>
<value>/software/hive/tmp</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>system:user.name</name>
<value>root</value>
</property>
7.在hdfs上建立一些hive-site.xml中配置的仓库地址并授权
bin/hadoop fs -mkdir -p /user/hive/warehouse
bin/hadoop fs -mkdir -p /user/hive/tmp
bin/hadoop fs -mkdir -p /user/hive/log
bin/hadoop fs -chmod -R 777 /user/hive/warehouse
bin/hadoop fs -chmod -R 777 /user/hive/tmp
bin/hadoop fs -chmod -R 777 /user/hive/log
8.5.初始化
在hive的bin目录下
schematool -dbType mysql -initSchema
如果执行不报错，会显示completed，此时查看MySQL的数据库会多出来一个hive，hive数据库中会有很多表，这些就是hive初始化的表。
安装过程遇到的问题集合：
1.执行schematool -dbType mysql -initSchema
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError
at org.apache.hive.beeline.HiveSchemaTool.main(HiveSchemaTool.java:446)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:497)
at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.run(RunJar.java:323)
at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.main(RunJar.java:236)
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Unrecognized Hadoop major version number: 3.2.0
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.shims.ShimLoader.getMajorVersion(ShimLoader.java:174)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.shims.ShimLoader.loadShims(ShimLoader.java:139)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.shims.ShimLoader.getHadoopShims(ShimLoader.java:100)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.conf.HiveConf$ConfVars.<clinit>(HiveConf.java:368)
... 7 more
解决方法：hive版本过低导致，可以选择，hive-2.x 或者 3.x
2.特殊字符无法编译错误
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException: com.ctc.wstx.exc.WstxParsingException: Illegal character entity: expansion character (code 0x8
at [row,col,system-id]: [3210,96,"file:/usr/local/hive/apache-hive-3.1.1-bin/conf/hive-site.xml"]
at org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration.loadResource(Configuration.java:2981)
at org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration.loadResources(Configuration.java:2930)
at org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration.getProps(Configuration.java:2805)
at org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration.get(Configuration.java:1459)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.conf.HiveConf.getVar(HiveConf.java:4990)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.conf.HiveConf.getVar(HiveConf.java:5063)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.conf.HiveConf.initialize(HiveConf.java:5150)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.conf.HiveConf.<init>(HiveConf.java:5098)
at org.apache.hive.beeline.HiveSchemaTool.<init>(HiveSchemaTool.java:96)
at org.apache.hive.beeline.HiveSchemaTool.main(HiveSchemaTool.java:1473)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.run(RunJar.java:323)
at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.main(RunJar.java:236)
Caused by: com.ctc.wstx.exc.WstxParsingException: Illegal character entity: expansion character (code 0x8
at [row,col,system-id]: [3210,96,"file:/usr/local/hive/apache-hive-3.1.1-bin/conf/hive-site.xml"]
at com.ctc.wstx.sr.StreamScanner.constructWfcException(StreamScanner.java:621)
at com.ctc.wstx.sr.StreamScanner.throwParseError(StreamScanner.java:491)
at com.ctc.wstx.sr.StreamScanner.reportIllegalChar(StreamScanner.java:2456)
at com.ctc.wstx.sr.StreamScanner.validateChar(StreamScanner.java:2403)
at com.ctc.wstx.sr.StreamScanner.resolveCharEnt(StreamScanner.java:2369)
at com.ctc.wstx.sr.StreamScanner.fullyResolveEntity(StreamScanner.java:1515)
at com.ctc.wstx.sr.BasicStreamReader.nextFromTree(BasicStreamReader.java:2828)
at com.ctc.wstx.sr.BasicStreamReader.next(BasicStreamReader.java:1123)
at org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration$Parser.parseNext(Configuration.java:3277)
at org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration$Parser.parse(Configuration.java:3071)
at org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration.loadResource(Configuration.java:2964)
... 15 more
解决方法：原因是hive-site.xml文件第3210行有个特殊字符，删除掉for：
Hadoop入门学习笔记-第五天（hadoop-hive安装部署与配置笔记）
原文：https://www.cnblogs.com/znyd/p/12856954.html