二进制包搭建k8s集群

时间：2020-05-14 14:29:56 阅读：45 评论：0 收藏：0 [点我收藏+]

环境信息：

部署过程：

1. 系统升级

由于k8s在较低内核中存在某些bug，因此需要先升级下内核。建议使用4.10或以上版本。

1.1 下载地址

软件包百度网盘：

https://pan.baidu.com/s/1JtecfQoZISxN2EQRVrjKdg 6taj

1.2 执行以下命令进行内核升级

# 升级内核
$ wget https://elrepo.org/linux/kernel/el7/x86_64/RPMS/kernel-ml-5.0.4-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm
$ wget https://elrepo.org/linux/kernel/el7/x86_64/RPMS/kernel-ml-devel-5.0.4-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm
$ yum -y install kernel-ml-5.0.4-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm kernel-ml-devel-5.0.4-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm

# 调整默认内核启动
$ cat /boot/grub2/grub.cfg |grep menuentry
$ grub2-set-default "CentOS Linux (5.0.4-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64) 7 (Core)"

# 检查是否修改正确
$ grub2-editenv list
$ reboot

1.3 IPVS的支持开启

# 确认内核版本后，开启 IPVS
$ uname -a
$ cat > /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules <<EOF
#!/bin/bash
ipvs_modules="ip_vs ip_vs_lc ip_vs_wlc ip_vs_rr ip_vs_wrr ip_vs_lblc ip_vs_lblcr ip_vs_dh ip_vs_sh ip_vs_fo ip_vs_nq ip_vs_sed ip_vs_ftp nf_conntrack"
for kernel_module in \${ipvs_modules}; do
  /sbin/modinfo -F filename \${kernel_module} > /dev/null 2>&1
  if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
    /sbin/modprobe \${kernel_module}
  fi
done
EOF

$ chmod 755 /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && lsmod | grep ip_vs

1.4 关闭交换分区，Selinux及Firewalld等

# 关闭 Selinux/firewalld
$ systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld
$ setenforce 0
$ sed -i "s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g" /etc/selinux/config

# 关闭交换分区
$ swapoff -a
$ cp /etc/{fstab,fstab.bak}
$ cat /etc/fstab.bak | grep -v swap > /etc/fstab

# 设置 iptables
$ echo """
vm.swappiness = 0
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
""" > /etc/sysctl.conf
$ sysctl -p

1.5 配置主机名的解析及时间的同步（略）

1.6 配置各个主机能够免密钥进行通信

# 此处配置c720111.xiodi.cn能够和其它几个主机免密钥互通
[root@c720111 ~]# ssh-keygen
[root@c720111 ~]# ssh-copy-id root@192.168.20.111
[root@c720111 ~]# ssh-copy-id root@192.168.20.112
[root@c720111 ~]# ssh-copy-id root@192.168.20.113
[root@c720111 ~]# ssh-copy-id root@192.168.20.114
[root@c720111 ~]# ssh-copy-id root@192.168.20.115

2. 签发证书

2.1 证书签发配置

wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64

chmod +x cfssl cfssljson 
mv cfssl cfssljson /usr/local/bin/

将会分别为下列组件签发证书：
- admin user
- kubelet
- kube-controller-manager
- kube-proxy
- kube-scheduler
- kube-api

2.2 创建CA证书配置请求

（1）产生ca证书

CA证书配置请求

$ cat > ca-config.json <<EOF
{
  "signing": {
    "default": {
      "expiry": "8760h"
    },
    "profiles": {
      "kubernetes": {
        "usages": ["signing", "key encipherment", "server auth", "client auth"],
        "expiry": "8760h"
      }
    }
  }
}
EOF

CA证书签名请求

$ cat > ca-csr.json <<EOF
{
  "CN": "Kubernetes",
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "L": "Shanghai",
      "O": "xiodi",
      "OU": "CA",
      "ST": "Winterfell"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

产生CA证书

$ cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca

# 查看产生的证书
[root@c720111 tmp]# ls -al
-rw-------  1 root root 1675 Mar 23 11:04 ca-key.pem
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 1314 Mar 23 11:04 ca.pem

（2）产生admin用户证书

证书签名请求配置：

$ cat > admin-csr.json <<EOF
{
  "CN": "admin",
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "Westeros",
      "L": "The North",
      "O": "system:masters",
      "OU": "Kubernetes The Hard Way",
      "ST": "Winterfell"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

产生admin用户证书并校验结果：

# 产生证书
$ cfssl gencert   -ca=ca.pem   -ca-key=ca-key.pem   -config=ca-config.json   -profile=kubernetes   admin-csr.json | cfssljson -bare admin

# 查看产生的证书
[root@c720111 tmp]# ls
admin-key.pem  admin.pem

3. kubelet Client端证书

3.1 节点授权
节点的授权是一种特殊用途的授权模式,由kubelets API请求明确授权。

节点的授权允许kubelet去执行API操作，包括：
- 读操作
	- services
	- endpoints
	- nodes
	- pods
	secret,configmaps,persistent volume claims 和persistent volues相关缩写的pod
- 写操作
	- 节点和节点的状态（使NodeRestriction准入插件限制kubelet修改自己的节点）
	- pods和po的状态（使NodeRestriction准入插件限制kubelet修改绑定到本身的Pods）
	- 事件
- 认证相关的操作
	- 读/写访问certificationsigningrequests TLS引导的API
	- 能够创建tokenreviews和subjectaccessreviews委托认证/授权检查

为了能够通过节点授权，kubeletes必须使用一个凭证来标识它们是`system:nodes`组，是带有`systema:node:<nodeName>`名称 。

具体详情参考：https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/node/

3.2 执行如下命令产生关于kubelet的证书
# 配置worker节点相关信息
 $ cat workers.txt
c720114.xiodi.cn 192.168.20.114 
c720115.xiodi.cn 192.168.20.115

# 创建脚本文件，内容如下
$ cat generate-kubelet-certificate.sh
IFS=$‘\n‘
for line in `cat workers.txt`; do

instance=`echo $line | awk ‘{print $1}‘`
INTERNAL_IP=`echo $line | awk ‘{print $2}‘`

cat > ${instance}-csr.json <<EOF
{
  "CN": "system:node:${instance}",
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "Westeros",
      "L": "The North",
      "O": "system:nodes",
      "OU": "Kubernetes The Hard Way",
      "ST": "Winterfell"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

cfssl gencert   -ca=ca.pem   -ca-key=ca-key.pem   -config=ca-config.json   -hostname=${instance},${INTERNAL_IP}   -profile=kubernetes   ${instance}-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ${instance}
done

# 产生证书并进行查看
$ sh generate-kubelet-certificate.sh
$ ls -l

-rw-------  1 root root 1679 Mar 23 11:28 c720114.xiodi.cn-key.pem
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 1521 Mar 23 11:28 c720114.xiodi.cn.pem

-rw-------  1 root root 1679 Mar 23 11:28 c720115.xiodi.cn-key.pem
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 1521 Mar 23 11:28 c720115.xiodi.cn.pem

4. Controller Manager客户端证书

1. kube-controller-manager证书签名请求内容如下：

$ cat > kube-controller-manager-csr.json <<EOF
{
  "CN": "system:kube-controller-manager",
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "Westeros",
      "L": "The North",
      "O": "system:kube-controller-manager",
      "OU": "Kubernetes The Hard Way",
      "ST": "Winterfell"
    }
  ]
}
EOF


2. 针对kube-controller-manager进行签发证书

$ cfssl gencert   -ca=ca.pem   -ca-key=ca-key.pem   -config=ca-config.json   -profile=kubernetes   kube-controller-manager-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-controller-manager

# 校验产生的证书
$ ls kube-controller-manager*
kube-controller-manager.csr       kube-controller-manager-key.pem
kube-controller-manager-csr.json  kube-controller-manager.pem

5. Kube Proxy客户端证书

5.1 kube-proxy证书签名请求配置

$ cat > kube-proxy-csr.json <<EOF
{
  "CN": "system:kube-proxy",
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "Westeros",
      "L": "The North",
      "O": "system:node-proxier",
      "OU": "Kubernetes The Hard Way",
      "ST": "Winterfell"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

5.2 针对kube proxy签发证书

$ cfssl gencert   -ca=ca.pem   -ca-key=ca-key.pem   -config=ca-config.json   -profile=kubernetes   kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy

# 校验产生的证书
$ ls kube-proxy*
kube-proxy.csr  kube-proxy-csr.json  kube-proxy-key.pem  kube-proxy.pem

6. Scheduler 客户端证书

6.1 kube scheduler客户端证书签名请求

cat > kube-scheduler-csr.json <<EOF
{
  "CN": "system:kube-scheduler",
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "Westeros",
      "L": "The North",
      "O": "system:kube-scheduler",
      "OU": "Kubernetes The Hard Way",
      "ST": "Winterfell"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

6.2 针对kube scheduler签发证书

$ cfssl gencert   -ca=ca.pem   -ca-key=ca-key.pem   -config=ca-config.json   -profile=kubernetes   kube-scheduler-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-scheduler

# 校验产生的证书
$ ls kube-scheduler*
kube-scheduler.csr  kube-scheduler-csr.json  kube-scheduler-key.pem  kube-scheduler.pem

7. Kuberenetes API证书

kube-api服务器证书主机名称应该包含如下：
- 所有控制器的主机名称
- 所有控制器的IP
- 负载均衡器的主机名称
- 负载均衡器的IP
- Kubernetes的服务（kubernetes默认的服务名称和IP均是10.32.0.1）
- localhost

CERT_HOSTNAME=10.32.0.1,<master node 1 Private IP>,<master node 1 hostname>,<master node 2 Private IP>,<master node 2 hostname>,<master node 3 Private IP>,<master node 3 hostname><API load balancer Private IP>,<API load balancer hostname>,127.0.0.1,localhost,kubernetes.default

$ CERT_HOSTNAME=10.32.0.1,c720111.xiodi.cn,192.168.20.111,c720112.xiodi.cn,192.168.20.112,c720113.xiodi.cn,192.168.20.113,c720116.xiodi.cn,192.168.20.116,127.0.0.1,localhost,kubernetes.default

7.1 创建证书签名请求

$ cat > kubernetes-csr.json <<EOF
{
  "CN": "kubernetes",
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "Westeros",
      "L": "The North",
      "O": "Kubernetes",
      "OU": "Kubernetes The Hard Way",
      "ST": "Winterfell"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

7.2 产生kubernetes API证书

$ cfssl gencert   -ca=ca.pem   -ca-key=ca-key.pem   -config=ca-config.json   -hostname=${CERT_HOSTNAME}   -profile=kubernetes   kubernetes-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kubernetes

7.3 查看证书

$ ls kubernetes*
kubernetes.csr  kubernetes-csr.json  kubernetes-key.pem  kubernetes.pem

8. 服务帐户密钥对

服务帐户密钥对常用来签署服务帐户的token. 关于服务帐户参考链接：https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/service-accounts-admin/

8.1 配置服务帐户的证书签名请求

$ cat > service-account-csr.json  <<EOF

{
  "CN": "service-accounts",
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "Westeros",
      "L": "The North",
      "O": "Kubernetes",
      "OU": "Kubernetes The Hard Way",
      "ST": "Winterfell"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

8.2 针对服务帐户签发证书

$ cfssl gencert   -ca=ca.pem   -ca-key=ca-key.pem   -config=ca-config.json   -profile=kubernetes   service-account-csr.json | cfssljson -bare service-account

# 查看针对服务帐户签发的证书
$ ls service-account*
service-account.csr  service-account-csr.json  service-account-key.pem  service-account.pem

9. 复制证书到各个节点

$ cat workers.txt
c720114.xiodi.cn 192.168.20.114 root
c720115.xiodi.cn 192.168.20.115 root

$ cat controllers.txt
c720111.xiodi.cn 192.168.20.111 root
c720112.xiodi.cn 192.168.20.112 root
c720113.xiodi.cn 192.168.20.113 root

# Minion
$ IFS=$‘\n‘
$ for line in `cat workers.txt`; do
   instance=`echo $line | awk ‘{print $1}‘`
   user=`echo $line | awk ‘{print $3}‘`
   rsync -zvhe ssh ca.pem ${instance}-key.pem ${instance}.pem ${user}@${instance}:/root/
done

# Master
$ for instance in c720111.xiodi.cn c720112.xiodi.cn c720113.xiodi.cn; do
   rsync -zvhe ssh ca.pem ca-key.pem kubernetes-key.pem kubernetes.pem     service-account-key.pem service-account.pem root@${instance}:/root/
done

===4. 针对k8s各个组件创建kubeconfig===

kubeconfig常用来在kubernetes组件之间和用户到kubernetes之间。kubeconfig主要包含三件事情：

技术分享图片

在本小节中，我们将会产生如下组件的kubeconfig:
1. kubelet kubeconfig
2. kube Proxy kubeconfig
3. Controller Manager kubeconfig
4. Kube Scheduler kubeconfig
5. admin用户的kubeconfig

4.1 产生kubelet的kubeconfig

在kubeconfig中的user应该是system:node:<Worker_name>，它应该匹配我们在产生kubelet client证书的主机名称。

$ cat haproxy.txt
c720116.xiodi.cn 192.168.20.116

$ chmod +x kubectl
$ cp kubectl /usr/local/bin/

$ KUBERNETES_PUBLIC_ADDRESS=`cat nginx_proxy.txt | awk ‘{print $2}‘`

$ IFS=$‘\n‘
$ for instance in c720114.xiodi.cn c720115.xiodi.cn; do

  kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes-the-hard-way     --certificate-authority=ca.pem     --embed-certs=true     --server=https://${KUBERNETES_PUBLIC_ADDRESS}:6443     --kubeconfig=${instance}.kubeconfig

  kubectl config set-credentials system:node:${instance}     --client-certificate=${instance}.pem     --client-key=${instance}-key.pem     --embed-certs=true     --kubeconfig=${instance}.kubeconfig

  kubectl config set-context default     --cluster=kubernetes-the-hard-way     --user=system:node:${instance}     --kubeconfig=${instance}.kubeconfig

  kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=${instance}.kubeconfig
done

$ ls
c720114.xiodi.cn.kubeconfig c720115.xiodi.cn.kubeconfig

4.2 产生kube-proxy kubeconfig

$ KUBERNETES_PUBLIC_ADDRESS=`cat nginx_proxy.txt | awk ‘{print $2}‘`

$ {
  kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes-the-hard-way     --certificate-authority=ca.pem     --embed-certs=true     --server=https://${KUBERNETES_PUBLIC_ADDRESS}:6443     --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

  kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-proxy     --client-certificate=kube-proxy.pem     --client-key=kube-proxy-key.pem     --embed-certs=true     --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

  kubectl config set-context default     --cluster=kubernetes-the-hard-way     --user=system:kube-proxy     --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

  kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
}
$ ls kube-proxy.kubeconfig 
kube-proxy.kubeconfig

二进制包搭建k8s集群

原文：https://www.cnblogs.com/shanghai1918/p/12888117.html

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