命名的一个原则就是以能准确达意为目标
如下代码：不应在成员变量的命名中重复添加“user”这样一个前缀单词，而应直接命名为 name、password、avatarUrl
public class User {
private String userName;
private String userPassword;
private String userAvatarUrl;
//...
}
可读，指的是不要用一些特别生僻、难发音的英文单词来命名。如：plateaux， eyrie
可搜索：经常会用“关键词联想”的方法来自动补全和搜索。比如，键入某个对象“.get”，希望 IDE 返回这个对象的所有 get 开头的方法。
统一规约很重要，都用“selectXXX”表示查询，就不要用“queryXXX”；都用“insertXXX”表示插入一条数据，要不用“addXXX”
/**
* (what) Bean factory to create beans.
*
* (why) The class likes Spring IOC framework, but is more lightweight.
*
* (how) Create objects from different sources sequentially:
* user specified object > SPI > configuration > default object.
*/
public class BeansFactory {
// ...
}
阅读代码的习惯都是，先看整体再看细节。所以，要有模块化和抽象思维，善于将大块的复杂逻辑提炼成类或者函数，屏蔽掉细节，让阅读代码的人不至于迷失在细节中，这样能极大地提高代码的可读性。
// 重构前的代码
public void invest(long userId, long financialProductId) {
Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();
calendar.setTime(date);
calendar.set(Calendar.DATE, (calendar.get(Calendar.DATE) + 1));
if (calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH) == 1) {
return;
}
//...
}
// 重构后的代码：提炼函数之后逻辑更加清晰
public void invest(long userId, long financialProductId) {
if (isLastDayOfMonth(new Date())) {
return;
}
//...
}
public boolean isLastDayOfMonth(Date date) {
Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();
calendar.setTime(date);
calendar.set(Calendar.DATE, (calendar.get(Calendar.DATE) + 1));
if (calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH) == 1) {
return true;
}
return false;
}
考虑函数是否职责单一，是否能通过拆分成多个函数的方式来减少参数
public User getUser(String username, String telephone, String email);
// 拆分成多个函数
public User getUserByUsername(String username);
public User getUserByTelephone(String telephone);
public User getUserByEmail(String email);
将函数的参数封装成对象
public void postBlog(String title, String summary, String keywords, String content, String category, long authorId);
// 将参数封装成对象
public class Blog {
private String title;
private String summary;
private String keywords;
private Strint content;
private String category;
private long authorId;
}
public void postBlog(Blog blog);
true 的时候走这块逻辑，false 的时候走另一块逻辑。违背了单一职责原则和接口隔离原则。将其拆成两个函数，可读性上也要更好
public void buyCourse(long userId, long courseId, boolean isVip);
// 将其拆分成两个函数
public void buyCourse(long userId, long courseId);
public void buyCourseForVip(long userId, long courseId);
public boolean checkUserIfExisting(String telephone, String username, String email) {
if (!StringUtils.isBlank(telephone)) {
User user = userRepo.selectUserByTelephone(telephone);
return user != null;
}
if (!StringUtils.isBlank(username)) {
User user = userRepo.selectUserByUsername(username);
return user != null;
}
if (!StringUtils.isBlank(email)) {
User user = userRepo.selectUserByEmail(email);
return user != null;
}
return false;
}
// 拆分成三个函数
public boolean checkUserIfExistingByTelephone(String telephone);
public boolean checkUserIfExistingByUsername(String username);
public boolean checkUserIfExistingByEmail(String email);
去掉多余的 if 或 else 语句
// 示例一
public double caculateTotalAmount(List<Order> orders) {
if (orders == null || orders.isEmpty()) {
return 0.0;
} else { // 此处的else可以去掉
double amount = 0.0;
for (Order order : orders) {
if (order != null) {
amount += (order.getCount() * order.getPrice());
}
}
return amount;
}
}
// 示例二
public List<String> matchStrings(List<String> strList,String substr) {
List<String> matchedStrings = new ArrayList<>();
if (strList != null && substr != null) {
for (String str : strList) {
if (str != null) { // 跟下面的if语句可以合并在一起
if (str.contains(substr)) {
matchedStrings.add(str);
}
}
}
}
return matchedStrings;
}
使用编程语言提供的 continue、break、return 关键字，提前退出嵌套
// 重构前的代码
public List<String> matchStrings(List<String> strList,String substr) {
List<String> matchedStrings = new ArrayList<>();
if (strList != null && substr != null){
for (String str : strList) {
if (str != null && str.contains(substr)) {
matchedStrings.add(str);
// 此处还有10行代码...
}
}
}
return matchedStrings;
}
// 重构后的代码：使用continue提前退出
public List<String> matchStrings(List<String> strList,String substr) {
List<String> matchedStrings = new ArrayList<>();
if (strList != null && substr != null){
for (String str : strList) {
if (str == null || !str.contains(substr)) {
continue;
}
matchedStrings.add(str);
// 此处还有10行代码...
}
}
return matchedStrings;
}
调整执行顺序来减少嵌套
// 重构前的代码
public List<String> matchStrings(List<String> strList,String substr) {
List<String> matchedStrings = new ArrayList<>();
if (strList != null && substr != null) {
for (String str : strList) {
if (str != null) {
if (str.contains(substr)) {
matchedStrings.add(str);
}
}
}
}
return matchedStrings;
}
// 重构后的代码：先执行判空逻辑，再执行正常逻辑
public List<String> matchStrings(List<String> strList,String substr) {
if (strList == null || substr == null) { //先判空
return Collections.emptyList();
}
List<String> matchedStrings = new ArrayList<>();
for (String str : strList) {
if (str != null) {
if (str.contains(substr)) {
matchedStrings.add(str);
}
}
}
return matchedStrings;
}
将部分嵌套逻辑封装成函数调用，以此来减少嵌套
// 重构前的代码
public List<String> appendSalts(List<String> passwords) {
if (passwords == null || passwords.isEmpty()) {
return Collections.emptyList();
}
List<String> passwordsWithSalt = new ArrayList<>();
for (String password : passwords) {
if (password == null) {
continue;
}
if (password.length() < 8) {
// ...
} else {
// ...
}
}
return passwordsWithSalt;
}
// 重构后的代码：将部分逻辑抽成函数
public List<String> appendSalts(List<String> passwords) {
if (passwords == null || passwords.isEmpty()) {
return Collections.emptyList();
}
List<String> passwordsWithSalt = new ArrayList<>();
for (String password : passwords) {
if (password == null) {
continue;
}
passwordsWithSalt.add(appendSalt(password));
}
return passwordsWithSalt;
}
private String appendSalt(String password) {
String passwordWithSalt = password;
if (password.length() < 8) {
// ...
} else {
// ...
}
return passwordWithSalt;
}
常量取代魔法数字
public double CalculateCircularArea(double radius) {
return (3.1415) * radius * radius;
}
// 常量替代魔法数字
public static final Double PI = 3.1415;
public double CalculateCircularArea(double radius) {
return PI * radius * radius;
}
使用解释性变量来解释复杂表达式
if (date.after(SUMMER_START) && date.before(SUMMER_END)) {
// ...
} else {
// ...
}
// 引入解释性变量后逻辑更加清晰
boolean isSummer = date.after(SUMMER_START)&&date.before(SUMMER_END);
if (isSummer) {
// ...
} else {
// ...
}
https://www.cnblogs.com/franson-2016/p/5593080.html
list循环操作
String[] atp = {"Rafael Nadal", "Novak Djokovic",
"Stanislas Wawrinka",
"David Ferrer","Roger Federer",
"Andy Murray","Tomas Berdych",
"Juan Martin Del Potro"};
List<String> players = Arrays.asList(atp);
// 以前的循环方式
for (String player : players) {
System.out.print(player + "; ");
}
// 使用 lambda 表达式以及函数操作(functional operation)
players.forEach((player) -> System.out.print(player + "; "));
// 在 Java 8 中使用双冒号操作符(double colon operator)
players.forEach(System.out::println);
实现Runnable接口
// 1.1使用匿名内部类
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("Hello world !");
}
}).start();
// 1.2使用 lambda expression
new Thread(() -> System.out.println("Hello world !")).start();
// 2.1使用匿名内部类
Runnable race1 = new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("Hello world !");
}
};
// 2.2使用 lambda expression
Runnable race2 = () -> System.out.println("Hello world !");
// 直接调用 run 方法(没开新线程哦!)
race1.run();
race2.run();
使用Lambdas排序集合
// 1.1 使用匿名内部类根据 name 排序 players
Arrays.sort(players, new Comparator<String>() {
@Override
public int compare(String s1, String s2) {
return (s1.compareTo(s2));
}
});
// 1.2 使用 lambda expression 排序 players
Comparator<String> sortByName = (String s1, String s2) -> (s1.compareTo(s2));
Arrays.sort(players, sortByName);
// 1.3 也可以采用如下形式:
Arrays.sort(players, (String s1, String s2) -> (s1.compareTo(s2)));
原文：https://www.cnblogs.com/wod-Y/p/13055933.html