Python学习第121天（Django2的include使用）

# In settings/urls/main.py
from django.urls import include, path

urlpatterns = [
    path(‘<username>/blog/‘, include(‘foo.urls.blog‘)),
]

# In foo/urls/blog.py
from django.urls import path
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    path(‘‘, views.blog.index),
    path(‘archive/‘, views.blog.archive),
]

这种方法可以用来去除URLconf中的冗余，其中某个模式前缀被重复使用。例如，考虑这个URLconf：

from django.urls import path
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    path(‘<page_slug>-<page_id>/history/‘, views.history),
    path(‘<page_slug>-<page_id>/edit/‘, views.edit),
    path(‘<page_slug>-<page_id>/discuss/‘, views.discuss),
    path(‘<page_slug>-<page_id>/permissions/‘, views.permissions),
]
我们可以改进它，通过只声明共同的路径前缀一次并将后面的部分分组：

from django.urls import include, path
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    path(‘<page_slug>-<page_id>/‘, include([
        path(‘history/‘, views.history),
        path(‘edit/‘, views.edit),
        path(‘discuss/‘, views.discuss),
        path(‘permissions/‘, views.permissions),
    ])),
]

from django.urls import path
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    path(‘articles/<int:year>/‘, views.year_archive, name=‘archive‘),
]

根据这种设计，对应于年度归档文件的URL是 /articles/<nnnn>/


你可以使用以下方法在模板代码中获取这些：
<a href="{% url ‘archive‘ 2012 %}">2012 Archive</a>


或者在Python代码中：

from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect
from django.urls import reverse

def redirect_to_year(request):
    year = 2006
    return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse(‘archive‘, args=(year,)))

注意：如果直接使用name做反向解析(即使用了include)，也不需要设置app_name,但是使用namespace，需要设置app_name

# 1.项目的urls
from django.urls import path, include


urlpatterns = [
    path(‘myapp/‘, include(‘MyApp.urls‘, namespace=‘my‘)),
    path(‘yourapp/‘, include(‘YourApp.urls‘, namespace=‘you‘)),
]

# 2.1 MyApp.urls.py
from django.urls import path
from MyApp import views

app_name = ‘myxxx‘  # 在各个APP级别的urls中设置app_name

urlpatterns = [
    path(‘index/‘, views.index, name="index"),
    path(‘home/‘, views.home, name="home"),
]

# 2.2 MyApp.Views.py
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect, HttpResponse
from django.urls import reverse


def index(request):
    return HttpResponse("MyApp-index")


def home(request):
    print("home")
    return redirect(reverse(‘my:index‘))
    # return redirect(reverse(‘myxxx:index‘))  # 也可以使用app_name

# 3.1 YourApp.urls.py
from django.urls import path
from YourApp import views

app_name = ‘yourxxx‘  # 在各个APP级别的urls中设置app_name

urlpatterns = [
    path(‘index/‘, views.index, name="index"),
    path(‘hello/‘, views.hello, name="hello"),
]


# 3.2 YourApp.Views.py
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect, HttpResponse
from django.urls import reverse


def index(request):
    return HttpResponse("YourApp-index")


def hello(request):
    print("hello")
    return redirect(reverse(‘you:index‘))
    # return redirect(reverse(‘yourxxx:index‘))  # 也可以使用app_name

# 4. 在模板中使用
<a href="{% url ‘my:index‘ %}">myapp-index</a>  # 可以写namespace
<a href="{% url ‘yourxxx:index‘ %}">your-index</a>  # 可以写app_name