REST全称是Representational State Transfer，中文意思是表述（编者注：通常译为表征）性状态转移。一种软件设计风格
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功能
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请求方式
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请求路径
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获取所有书籍
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GET
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/books
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创建单本书籍
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POST
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/books
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获取单本书籍
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GET
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/books/{pk}
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修改单本书籍
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PUT
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/books/{pk}
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删除单本书籍
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DELETE
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/books/{pk}
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3、创建Django项目
1：使用MySQL数据库首先需要安装驱动程序
pip install PyMySQL
2：在Django的工程同名子目录的__init__.py文件中添加如下语句
from pymysql import install_as_MySQLdb install_as_MySQLdb()
3：配置setting中的DATABASES配置信息
DATABASES = { ‘default‘: { ‘ENGINE‘: ‘django.db.backends.mysql‘, ‘HOST‘: ‘39.99.213.203‘, # 数据库主机 ‘PORT‘: 3306, # 数据库端口 ‘USER‘: ‘root‘, # 数据库用户名 ‘PASSWORD‘: ‘mysql‘, # 数据库用户密码 ‘NAME‘: ‘django_demo‘ # 数据库名字 } }
4：在MySQL中创建数据库
create database django_demo default charset=utf8;
5：创建应用booktest，在models.py 文件中定义模型类。
from django.db import models #定义图书模型类BookInfo class BookInfo(models.Model): btitle = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name=‘名称‘) bpub_date = models.DateField(verbose_name=‘发布日期‘) bread = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name=‘阅读量‘) bcomment = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name=‘评论量‘) is_delete = models.BooleanField(default=False, verbose_name=‘逻辑删除‘) class Meta: db_table = ‘tb_books‘ # 指明数据库表名 verbose_name = ‘图书‘ # 在admin站点中显示的名称 verbose_name_plural = verbose_name # 显示的复数名称 def __str__(self): """定义每个数据对象的显示信息""" return self.btitle #定义英雄模型类HeroInfo class HeroInfo(models.Model): GENDER_CHOICES = ( (0, ‘female‘), (1, ‘male‘) ) hname = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name=‘名称‘) hgender = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=GENDER_CHOICES, default=0, verbose_name=‘性别‘) hcomment = models.CharField(max_length=200, null=True, verbose_name=‘描述信息‘) hbook = models.ForeignKey(BookInfo, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name=‘图书‘) # 外键 is_delete = models.BooleanField(default=False, verbose_name=‘逻辑删除‘) class Meta: db_table = ‘tb_heros‘ verbose_name = ‘英雄‘ verbose_name_plural = verbose_name def __str__(self): return self.hname
6：生成数据库
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
ps：如果报django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: mysqlclient 1.3.13 or newer is required; you have 0.9.3.错误
在Django的工程同名子目录的__init__.py文件中添加如下语句
from pymysql import install_as_MySQLdb import pymysql pymysql.version_info = (1, 3, 13, "final", 0) pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()
7：初始化数据
insert into tb_books(btitle,bpub_date,bread,bcomment,is_delete) values (‘射雕英雄传‘,‘1980-5-1‘,12,34,0), (‘天龙八部‘,‘1986-7-24‘,36,40,0), (‘笑傲江湖‘,‘1995-12-24‘,20,80,0), (‘雪山飞狐‘,‘1987-11-11‘,58,24,0); insert into tb_heros(hname,hgender,hbook_id,hcomment,is_delete) values (‘郭靖‘,1,1,‘降龙十八掌‘,0), (‘黄蓉‘,0,1,‘打狗棍法‘,0), (‘黄药师‘,1,1,‘弹指神通‘,0), (‘欧阳锋‘,1,1,‘蛤蟆功‘,0), (‘梅超风‘,0,1,‘九阴白骨爪‘,0), (‘乔峰‘,1,2,‘降龙十八掌‘,0), (‘段誉‘,1,2,‘六脉神剑‘,0), (‘虚竹‘,1,2,‘天山六阳掌‘,0), (‘王语嫣‘,0,2,‘神仙姐姐‘,0), (‘令狐冲‘,1,3,‘独孤九剑‘,0), (‘任盈盈‘,0,3,‘弹琴‘,0), (‘岳不群‘,1,3,‘华山剑法‘,0), (‘东方不败‘,0,3,‘葵花宝典‘,0), (‘胡斐‘,1,4,‘胡家刀法‘,0), (‘苗若兰‘,0,4,‘黄衣‘,0), (‘程灵素‘,0,4,‘医术‘,0), (‘袁紫衣‘,0,4,‘六合拳‘,0);
CBV（class base views） 就是在视图里使用类处理请求。
from django.contrib import admin from django.urls import path from django.conf.urls import url,include from APP01 import url as app01_books_url urlpatterns = [ url(r‘^api/yango/v1/books/‘,include(app01_books_url)) ]
from django.conf.urls import url from . import views urlpatterns=[ url(r‘^info$‘,views.BookesAPIView.as_view()), ]
资源明细内容
info 表示获取所有
from django.shortcuts import render from django.views import View from .models import BookInfo from datetime import datetime from django.http import JsonResponse ‘‘‘ 功能 请求方式 请求路径 获取所有书籍 GET /books 创建单本书籍 POST /books 获取单本书籍 GET /books/{pk} 修改单本书籍 PUT /books/{pk} 删除单本书籍 DELETE /books/{pk} ‘‘‘ #1,列表视图 class BookesAPIView(View): ‘‘‘ 查询所有屠苏，增加图书 ‘‘‘ def get(self,request): queryset=BookInfo.objects.all() book_list=[] for book in queryset: book_list.append({ "id":book.id, "btitle":book.btitle, "bpub_date":book.bpub_date, "bread":book.bread, "bcomment":book.bcomment }) return JsonResponse(book_list,safe=False)
BookesAPIView中get方法，获取所有书籍数据
from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse from django.views import View from .models import BookInfo from datetime import datetime from django.http import JsonResponse import json ‘‘‘ 功能 请求方式 请求路径 获取所有书籍 GET /books 创建单本书籍 POST /books 获取单本书籍 GET /books/{pk} 修改单本书籍 PUT /books/{pk} 删除单本书籍 DELETE /books/{pk} ‘‘‘ # 1,列表视图 class BooksAPIView(View): ‘‘‘ 查询所有屠苏，增加图书 ‘‘‘ def get(self, request): """ 查询所有图书 路由：GET /books/info/ """ queryset = BookInfo.objects.all() book_list = [] for book in queryset: book_list.append({ "id": book.id, "btitle": book.btitle, "bpub_date": book.bpub_date, "bread": book.bread, "bcomment": book.bcomment }) return JsonResponse(book_list, safe=False) def post(self, request): """ 新增图书 路由：POST /books/info/ """ json_bytes = request.body json_str = json_bytes.decode() book_dict = json.loads(json_str, encoding="utf-8") # 此处详细的校验参数省略 book = BookInfo.objects.create( btitle=book_dict.get(‘btitle‘), bpub_date=datetime.strptime(book_dict.get(‘bpub_date‘), ‘%Y-%m-%d‘).date() ) return JsonResponse({ "id": book.id, "btitle": book.btitle, "bpub_date": book.bpub_date, "bread": book.bread, "bcomment": book.bcomment }, status=201) class BookAPIView(View): ‘‘‘ 查询所有屠苏，增加图书 ‘‘‘ def get(self, request, pk): """ 根据图书ID查询图书 路由：GET /books/info/pk/ """ try: book = BookInfo.objects.get(id=pk) except BookInfo.DoesNotExist: return HttpResponse(status=404) return JsonResponse({ "id": book.id, "btitle": book.btitle, "bpub_date": book.bpub_date, "bread": book.bread, "bcomment": book.bcomment }, status=201) def put(self, request, pk): """ 根据图书ID修改图书 路由：PUT /books/info/pk/ """ try: book = BookInfo.objects.get(id=pk) except BookInfo.DoesNotExist: return HttpResponse(status=404) json_bytes = request.body json_str = json_bytes.decode() book_dict = json.loads(json_str) book.btitle = book_dict.get("btitle") book.save() return JsonResponse({ "id": book.id, "btitle": book.btitle, "bpub_date": book.bpub_date, "bread": book.bread, "bcomment": book.bcomment }) def delete(self, request, pk): """ 根据图书ID删除图书 路由：DELETE /books/info/pk/ """ try: book = BookInfo.objects.get(id=pk) except BookInfo.DoesNotExist: return HttpResponse(status=404) book.delete() return JsonResponse({ "id": book.id, "btitle": book.btitle, "bpub_date": book.bpub_date, "bread": book.bread, "bcomment": book.bcomment }, status=204)
1）获取所有图书数据 http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/yango/v1/books/info
[ { "id": 1, "btitle": "射雕英雄传", "bpub_date": "1980-05-01", "bread": 12, "bcomment": 34 }, { "id": 2, "btitle": "天龙八部", "bpub_date": "1986-07-24", "bread": 36, "bcomment": 40 }, { "id": 3, "btitle": "笑傲江湖", "bpub_date": "1995-12-24", "bread": 20, "bcomment": 80 }, { "id": 4, "btitle": "雪山飞狐", "bpub_date": "1987-11-11", "bread": 58, "bcomment": 24 }, { "id": 5, "btitle": "白马啸西风", "bpub_date": "2020-02-02", "bread": 0, "bcomment": 0 }, { "id": 7, "btitle": "连城诀", "bpub_date": "2020-02-02", "bread": 0, "bcomment": 0 } ]
2）获取单一图书数据 http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/yango/v1/books/info/1
{ "id": 1, "btitle": "射雕英雄传", "bpub_date": "1980-05-01", "bread": 12, "bcomment": 34 }
3）新增图书数据 http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/yango/v1/books/info
{ "btitle":"连城诀", "bpub_date":"2020-02-02" }
{ "id": 7, "btitle": "连城诀", "bpub_date": "2020-02-02", "bread": 0, "bcomment": 0 }
4）修改图书数据 http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/yango/v1/books/info/6/
{ "btitle":"白马啸西风1" }
{ "id": 6, "btitle": "白马啸西风1", "bpub_date": "2020-02-02", "bread": 0, "bcomment": 0 }
5）删除图书数据 http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/yango/v1/books/info/6/
{ "id": null, "btitle": "白马啸西风1", "bpub_date": "2020-02-02", "bread": 0, "bcomment": 0 }
可参考 集腋成裘-21-git使用-03进阶篇 2.4 多人开发
斑马斑马-20-Django REST Framework （DRF）系列教程
原文：https://www.cnblogs.com/YK2012/p/13227046.html
