gcc 编译链接过程:
分别调用cc1 编译，as assembler，collect2 调用ld 链接
gcc -v main.c
结果如下：
/usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/4.6/cc1 -quiet -v -imultilib . -imultiarch i386-linux-gnu main.c -quiet -dumpbase main.c -mtune=generic -march=i686 -auxbase main -version -fstack-protector -o /tmp/cco07xKA.s
GNU C
(Ubuntu/Linaro 4.6.3-1ubuntu5) version 4.6.3 (i686-linux-gnu) compiled by GNU C version 4.6.3, GMP version 5.0.2, MPFR version 3.1.0-p3, MPC
version 0.9
...
as --32 -o /tmp/ccaMNpql.o /tmp/cco07xKA.s
...
/usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/4.6/collect2 --sysroot=/ --build-id --no-add-needed --as-needed --eh-frame-hdr -m elf_i386 --hash-style=gnu -dynamic-linker /lib/ld-linux.so.2 -z relro /usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/4.6/../../../i386-linux-gnu/crt1.o
/usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/4.6/../../../i386-linux-gnu/crti.o /usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/4.6/crtbegin.o -L/usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/4.6 -L/usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/4.6/../../../i386-linux-gnu -L/usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/4.6/../../../../lib
-L/lib/i386-linux-gnu -L/lib/../lib -L/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu -L/usr/lib/../lib -L/usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/4.6/../../.. /tmp/ccaMNpql.o -lgcc --as-needed -lgcc_s --no-as-needed -lc -lgcc --as-needed -lgcc_s --no-as-needed
/usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/4.6/crtend.o /usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/4.6/../../../i386-linux-gnu/crtn.
Inside the Linux Operating System[1]
原文：http://www.cnblogs.com/harrylh/p/3973975.html