/**
* Servlet处理HTTP GET/POST请求
*/
public class HttpServletDemo extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) {
...
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp {
...
}
}
HTTP存在GET/POST请求,Servlet是如何分辨的呢?
## GET和POST请求的区别
# GET请求
GET /books/?name=computer&num=1 HTTP/1.1
Host: www.wrox.com
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.7.6)
Gecko/20050225 Firefox/1.0.1
Connection: Keep-Alive
# 注意最后一行是空行
# POST请求
POST /books/add HTTP/1.1
Host: www.wrox.com
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.7.6)
Gecko/20050225 Firefox/1.0.1
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 40
Connection: Keep-Alive
# 以下是POST请求Body
name=computer&num=1
/**
* HttpServlet类Service方法
*/
protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
String method = req.getMethod();
long lastModified;
if (method.equals("GET")) {
lastModified = this.getLastModified(req);
if (lastModified == -1L) {
this.doGet(req, resp);
} else {
long ifModifiedSince;
try {
ifModifiedSince = req.getDateHeader("If-Modified-Since");
} catch (IllegalArgumentException var9) {
ifModifiedSince = -1L;
}
if (ifModifiedSince < lastModified / 1000L * 1000L) {
this.maybeSetLastModified(resp, lastModified);
this.doGet(req, resp);
} else {
resp.setStatus(304);
}
}
} else if (method.equals("HEAD")) {
lastModified = this.getLastModified(req);
this.maybeSetLastModified(resp, lastModified);
this.doHead(req, resp);
} else if (method.equals("POST")) {
this.doPost(req, resp);
} else {
String errMsg = lStrings.getString("http.method_not_implemented");
Object[] errArgs = new Object[]{method};
errMsg = MessageFormat.format(errMsg, errArgs);
resp.sendError(501, errMsg);
}
}
- 对于Http Request请求,我们还需要理解幂等的概念:对同一个系统,使用同样的条件,一次请求和重复的多次请求对系统资源的影响是一致的。
- 根据以上定义,我们认为GET请求一般情况下是幂等的(GET请求不会引起服务资源的变更),而POST请求是非幂等的(POST请求会提交数据并造成数据更改,造成不可逆,比如多次POST提交订单数据)。
API | 备注 |
---|---|
request.getParameter("参数名") | 根据参数名获取参数值(注意,只能获取一个值的参数) |
request.getParameterValue("参数名“) | 根据参数名获取参数值(可以获取多个值的参数) |
request.getMethod | 获取Http请求方式 |
request.getHeader("User-Agent") | 获取用台浏览器信息 |
request.getCookies | 获取与请求相关的Cookies |
request.getSession | 获取与用户相关的会话 |
... | ... |
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp){
// 这是一个字节流
resp.setContentType("application/octet-stream");
resp.setHeader("Content-disposition", "attachment;filename=" + filename);
InputStream fis = this.getClass().getResourceAsStream("download.xlsx");
OutputStream os = resp.getOutputStream();
byte[] bis = new byte[1024];
while (-1 != fis.read(bis)) {
os.write(bis);
}
}
//设置refresh响应头控制浏览器每隔1秒钟刷新一次
response.setHeader("refresh", "1");
//可分别通过三种方式禁止缓存当前文档内容
response.setDateHeader("expries", -1);
response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
response.setHeader("Pragma", "no-cache")
// 重定向:收到客户端请求后,通知客户端去访问另外一个web资源
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) {
// 通过sendRedirect方法实现请求重定向
resp.sendRedirect(req.getContextPath() + "/welcome.jsp");
}
// 请求分派
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) {
req.getRequestDispatcher("/result.jsp").forward(req,resp);
}
代码 | 消息 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
200 | OK | 请求成功。 |
401 | Unauthorized | 所请求的页面需要授权 |
404 | Not Found | 服务器无法找到所请求的页面。 |
500 | Internal Server Error | 未完成的请求。服务器遇到了一个意外的情况 |
... | ... | ... |
// 返回HTTP 500状态码
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) {
resp.sendError(500);
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>http-demo</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>demo.servlet.HttpServletDemo</servlet-class>
<!-- 设置该servlet的管理员邮箱地址 -->
<init-param>
<param-name>adminEmail</param-name>
<param-value>admin@163.com</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
</web-app>
public class HttpServletDemo extends HttpServlet {
// 重写Get请求方法,返回一个表单页面
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws IOException, ServletException {
resp.setContentType("text/html");
resp.setCharacterEncoding("GBK");
PrintWriter out =resp.getWriter();
out.println("<html><body>");
out.println("管理员邮箱:");
out.println(getServletConfig().getInitParameter("adminEmail"));
out.println("<br>");
out.println("</body></html>");
}
}
-web应用同样也需要一些初始化的参数,但 相对于每一个Servlet有一个ServletConfig来说,一个Web应用(确切的说是每个JVM)仅有一个ServletContext来存放这些参数,这个ServletContext对Web应用中的每个Servlet都可用。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<!-- 设置web应用的统一标题栏 -->
<context-param>
<param-name>title</param-name>
<param-value>My-App网站</param-value>
</context-param>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>http-demo</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>demo.servlet.HttpServletDemo</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>adminEmail</param-name>
<param-value>admin@163.com</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>http-demo</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/http-demo</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
public class HttpServletDemo extends HttpServlet {
// 重写Get请求方法,返回一个表单页面
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws IOException, ServletException {
resp.setContentType("text/html");
resp.setCharacterEncoding("GBK");
PrintWriter out =resp.getWriter();
out.println("<html><body>");
out.println("<title>"+getServletContext().getInitParameter("title")+"</title>");
out.println("管理员邮箱:");
out.println(getServletConfig().getInitParameter("adminEmail"));
out.println("<br>");
out.println("</body></html>");
}
}
// 在web应用中,以下两句代码等价
getServletContext().getInitParameter("title");
getServletConfig().getServletContext().getInitParameter("title");
// 重写Post请求方法,提交表单上的数据,并返回结果页面
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
String name = req.getParameter("name");
Integer age = Integer.parseInt(req.getParameter("age"));
if (name != null && age != null) {
User user = new User(name, age);
req.setAttribute("name", name);
req.setAttribute("age", age);
// 设置提交成功次数属性,并同步加锁,防止多线程并发异常
synchronized (getServletContext()) {
if (user.checkName()) {
Long postCount = getServletContext().getAttribute("postCount") == null ? 1L
: Long.parseLong(getServletContext().getAttribute("postCount").toString()) + 1L;
getServletContext().setAttribute("postCount", postCount);
req.setAttribute("result", "登记成功" + "! 总共已有" + postCount + "人数登记!!");
} else {
req.setAttribute("result", "登记失败:名称中包含非法字符");
}
}
RequestDispatcher view = req.getRequestDispatcher("/result.jsp");
view.forward(req, resp);
}
}
属性 | 参数 | |
---|---|---|
设置方法 | setAttribute(String name,Object value) | 只能在web.xml中设置 |
返回类型 | Object | String |
获取方法 | getAttribute(String name). | getInitParameter(String s) |
属性作用域 | 备注 | |
---|---|---|
ServletContext | web应用存活期间都可以设置并使用属性;应用关闭上下文撤消后相应属性也会消失 | 各个Servlet都可以使用,但线程不安全,一般适在于常量属性等,比如数据库连接 |
HttpSession | HttpSession应用存活期间都可以设置并使用属性;会话超时或被人为撤消后相应属性也会消失 | 与会话相关的都可以使用,比如电商网站的购物车属性 |
HttpServletRequest | 每次请求生成时可设置或使用属性,直到这个请求在service方法中消失 | 请求中属性是线程安全的,类似于局部变量 |
- 客户端在第一次请求时没有携带任何sessionId,服务端Servlet容器就会给客户端创建一个HttpSession对象 存储在服务器端,然后给这个对象创建一个sessionID 作为唯一标识。同时
这个sessionID还会放在一个cookie里,通过response返回客户端。- 客户端第二次发出请求,cookie中会携带sessionId,servlet容器拿着这个sessionID在服务器端查找对应的HttpSession对象,找到后就直接拿出来使用。
- Servlet会为不同的客户端创建不同的sessionId及session对象,代表不同的状态。
方法 | 描述 |
---|---|
getSession() | 获取Session 对象 |
setAttribute() | 在Session 对象中设置属性 |
getAttribute() | 在Session 对象中获取属性 |
removeAttribute() | 在Session 对象中删除属性 |
invalidate() | 使Session 对象失效 |
setMaxInactiveInterval() | 设置Session 对象最大间隔时间(在这段时间内,客户端未对这个会话有新的请求操作,该会话就会撤消) |
网站后台通过会话保存用户的购物车状态,用户在退出网站后在会话的有效时间段内重新进入网站,购物车状态不消失。
web.xml配置:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<context-param>
<param-name>title</param-name>
<param-value>购物网站</param-value>
</context-param>
<!-- 网站session失效时间为30分钟 -->
<session-config>
<session-timeout>30</session-timeout>
</session-config>
<!-- 登录servlet -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>http-demo</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>demo.servlet.HttpServletDemo</servlet-class>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>http-demo</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/http-demo</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!-- 购物车servlet -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>cart</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>demo.servlet.CartServlet</servlet-class>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>cart</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/cart</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
/**
* 购物网站登录页面
*
* @author zhuhuix
* @date 2020-08-28
*/
public class HttpServletDemo extends HttpServlet {
//static int i=0 ;
// 重写Get请求方法,返回登录表单页面
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws IOException, ServletException {
req.setAttribute("title", getServletContext().getInitParameter("title"));
req.getRequestDispatcher("/form.jsp").forward(req, resp);
}
// 重写Post请求方法,进行登录,登录成功后跳车购物车页面
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
String name = req.getParameter("name");
Integer password = Integer.parseInt(req.getParameter("password"));
if (name != null && password != null) {
req.getSession().setAttribute("name",name);
RequestDispatcher view = req.getRequestDispatcher("/cart.jsp");
view.forward(req, resp);
}
}
}
<!--表单页面-->
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css"
integrity="sha384-HSMxcRTRxnN+Bdg0JdbxYKrThecOKuH5zCYotlSAcp1+c8xmyTe9GYg1l9a69psu" crossorigin="anonymous">
<script src="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.2/js/bootstrap.min.js"
integrity="sha384-B4gt1jrGC7Jh4AgTPSdUtOBvfO8shuf57BaghqFfPlYxofvL8/KUEfYiJOMMV+rV"
crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<title>${title}用户登录</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<form role="form" method="post" action="http-demo" class="form-horizontal">
<div class="form-group">
<h4 class="col-sm-3 col-sm-offset-3">用户登录</h4>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label class="col-sm-3 control-label">用户名</label>
<div class="col-sm-3">
<input name="name" type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="请输入用户名">
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label class="col-sm-3 control-label">密码</label>
<div class="col-sm-3">
<input name="password" type="password" class="form-control" placeholder="请输入密码">
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<div class="col-sm-3 col-sm-offset-3">
<button class="btn btn-primary">点击登录</button>
</div>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</body>
</html>
<!--表单页面-->
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css"
integrity="sha384-HSMxcRTRxnN+Bdg0JdbxYKrThecOKuH5zCYotlSAcp1+c8xmyTe9GYg1l9a69psu" crossorigin="anonymous">
<script src="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.2/js/bootstrap.min.js"
integrity="sha384-B4gt1jrGC7Jh4AgTPSdUtOBvfO8shuf57BaghqFfPlYxofvL8/KUEfYiJOMMV+rV"
crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<title>${title}购物车</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<form role="form" method="post" action="cart" class="form-horizontal">
<div class="form-group">
<h4 class="col-sm-3 col-sm-offset-1">${name}的购物车</h4>
</div>
<table class="table table-bordered table-condensed" style="width: 30%">
<thead>
<tr>
<td>货物</td>
<td>数量</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>手机</td>
<td><input type="number" name="phoneNumber" value=${phoneNumber}> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>电脑</td>
<td><input type="number" name="pcNumber" value=${pcNumber}> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>书本</td>
<td><input type="number" name="bookNumber" value=${bookNumber}> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="form-group">
<div class="col-sm-1 col-sm-offset-1">
<button class="btn btn-primary">点击提交</button>
</div>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</body>
</html>
/**
* 购物车Servlet
*
* @author zhuhuix
* @date 2020-08-29
*/
public class CartServlet extends javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet {
// 重写Post请求方法,提交购物车的数据,并返回结果页面
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
// 查找页面上的购物数量,并放入session中
req.getSession().setAttribute("phoneNumber", req.getParameter("phoneNumber"));
req.getSession().setAttribute("pcNumber", req.getParameter("pcNumber"));
req.getSession().setAttribute("bookNumber", req.getParameter("bookNumber"));
RequestDispatcher view = req.getRequestDispatcher("/result.jsp");
view.forward(req, resp);
}
}
<!--结果页面-->
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css"
integrity="sha384-HSMxcRTRxnN+Bdg0JdbxYKrThecOKuH5zCYotlSAcp1+c8xmyTe9GYg1l9a69psu" crossorigin="anonymous">
<script src="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.2/js/bootstrap.min.js"
integrity="sha384-B4gt1jrGC7Jh4AgTPSdUtOBvfO8shuf57BaghqFfPlYxofvL8/KUEfYiJOMMV+rV"
crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<title>${title}购物结果</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<h3 class="col-sm-3 col-sm-offset-1">${name}的购物结果</h3>
</div>
<table class="table table-bordered table-condensed" style="width: 30%">
<thead>
<tr>
<td>已购货物</td>
<td>已购数量</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>手机</td>
<td>${phoneNumber} </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>电脑</td>
<td>${pcNumber}</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>书本</td>
<td>${bookNumber} </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
<!-- 网站session失效时间为1分钟 -->
<session-config>
<session-timeout>1</session-timeout>
</session-config>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<context-param>
<param-name>title</param-name>
<param-value>My-App网站</param-value>
</context-param>
<!-- 监听者 负责监听HttpSession创建与销毁-->
<listener>
<listener-class>demo.servlet.HttpSessionListenerDemo</listener-class>
</listener>
<!-- 登录servlet -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>http-demo</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>demo.servlet.HttpServletDemo</servlet-class>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>http-demo</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/http-demo</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
/**
* HttpSession监听器测试:统计当前服务器在线人数
*/
public class HttpSessionListenerDemo implements javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionListener {
@Override
public void sessionCreated(javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionEvent httpSessionEvent) {
SessionStatics.increase();
}
@Override
public void sessionDestroyed(javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionEvent httpSessionEvent) {
SessionStatics.decrease();
}
}
/**
* 计数类
*/
public class SessionStatics {
private static volatile Long count=0L;
public static void increase(){
synchronized (SessionStatics.class) {
count++;
}
}
public static void decrease(){
synchronized (SessionStatics.class) {
count--;
}
}
public static Long getCount(){
return count;
}
}
/**
* HttpServlet模拟一个登录页面
*
* @author zhuhuix
* @date 2020-08-28
*/
public class HttpServletDemo extends HttpServlet {
// 重写Get请求方法,返回一个表单页面
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws IOException, ServletException {
req.setAttribute("title", getServletContext().getInitParameter("title"));
req.getRequestDispatcher("/form.jsp").forward(req, resp);
}
// 重写Post请求方法,提交表单上的数据,并返回结果页面
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
String name = req.getParameter("name");
Integer password = Integer.parseInt(req.getParameter("password"));
if (name != null && password != null) {
// checkUserAndPassword
req.setAttribute("name", name);
req.setAttribute("result","登录成功,当前在线人数:"+SessionStatics.getCount());
RequestDispatcher view = req.getRequestDispatcher("/result.jsp");
view.forward(req, resp);
}
}
}
<!--表单页面-->
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css"
integrity="sha384-HSMxcRTRxnN+Bdg0JdbxYKrThecOKuH5zCYotlSAcp1+c8xmyTe9GYg1l9a69psu" crossorigin="anonymous">
<script src="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.2/js/bootstrap.min.js"
integrity="sha384-B4gt1jrGC7Jh4AgTPSdUtOBvfO8shuf57BaghqFfPlYxofvL8/KUEfYiJOMMV+rV"
crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<title>${title}用户登录</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<form role="form" method="post" action="http-demo" class="form-horizontal">
<div class="form-group">
<h4 class="col-sm-3 col-sm-offset-3">用户登录</h4>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label class="col-sm-3 control-label">用户名</label>
<div class="col-sm-3">
<input name="name" type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="请输入用户名">
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label class="col-sm-3 control-label">密码</label>
<div class="col-sm-3">
<input name="password" type="password" class="form-control" placeholder="请输入密码">
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<div class="col-sm-3 col-sm-offset-3">
<button class="btn btn-primary">点击登录</button>
</div>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</body>
</html>
<!--结果页面-->
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css"
integrity="sha384-HSMxcRTRxnN+Bdg0JdbxYKrThecOKuH5zCYotlSAcp1+c8xmyTe9GYg1l9a69psu" crossorigin="anonymous">
<script src="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.2/js/bootstrap.min.js"
integrity="sha384-B4gt1jrGC7Jh4AgTPSdUtOBvfO8shuf57BaghqFfPlYxofvL8/KUEfYiJOMMV+rV"
crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<title>${title}登录结果</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<h3 class="col-sm-3 col-sm-offset-3">登录结果</h3>
</div>
<div class="row">
<label class="col-sm-3 col-sm-offset-3">姓名:${name} </label>
</div>
<div class="row">
<label class="col-sm-3 col-sm-offset-3"> ${result}</label>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
public class User implements javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionBindingListener {
private String name;
public User(String name){
this.name=name;
}
@Override
public void valueBound(HttpSessionBindingEvent httpSessionBindingEvent) {
System.out.println(name+"加入session");
}
@Override
public void valueUnbound(HttpSessionBindingEvent httpSessionBindingEvent) {
System.out.println(name+"移出session");
}
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp){
...
// 测试HttpSessionBindingListener
req.getSession().setAttribute("user",new User(name));
}
- Servlet API中提供了一个Filter接口,开发web应用时,如果编写的Java类实现了这个接口,则把这个java类称之为过滤器Filter。
- 通过Filter技术,开发人员可以实现用户在访问某个目标资源之前,对访问的请求和响应进行拦截。简单说,就是可以实现web容器对某资源的访问前截获进行相关的处理,还可以在某资源向web容器返回响应前进行截获进行处理。
/**
* 过滤器例子
*/
public class FilterDemo implements Filter {
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
}
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
// 过滤
System.out.println("拦截过滤...");
// 放行请求
filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest,servletResponse);
}
@Override
public void destroy() {
}
}
<!-- web.xml -->
<!-- 过滤器配置 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>filterDemo</filter-name>
<filter-class>demo.filter.FilterDemo</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>filterDemo</filter-name>
<!-- 拦截路径 -->
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
// 前置过滤
System.out.println("拦截过滤{pre}");
// 放行请求
filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest,servletResponse);
// 后置过滤
System.out.println("拦截过滤{post}");
}
<!-- 拦截具体资源 -->
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>filterDemo</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/form.jsp</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!-- 拦截网站目录 -->
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>filterDemo</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/demo</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!-- 后缀名拦截 -->
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>filterDemo</filter-name>
<url-pattern>*.jsp</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!-- 拦截所有资源 -->
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>filterDemo</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!-- 过滤器配置 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>filterDemo</filter-name>
<filter-class>demo.filter.FilterDemo</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>filterDemo</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/http-demo</url-pattern>
<!-- 浏览器直接请求时,过滤器会执行 -->
<dispatcher>REQUEST</dispatcher>
<!-- 转发请求时,过滤器会执行 -->
<dispatcher>FORWARD</dispatcher>
</filter-mapping>
<!-- 过滤器配置 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>filterDemo1</filter-name>
<filter-class>demo.filter.FilterDemo</filter-class>
</filter>
<!-- 哪个过滤器的filter-mapping先配置,则哪个过滤器先执行-->
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>filterDemo1</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/http-demo</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<filter>
<filter-name>filterDemo2</filter-name>
<filter-class>demo.filter.FilterDemo2</filter-class>
</filter>
<!-- 哪个过滤器的filter-mapping后配置,则哪个过滤器后执行-->
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>filterDemo2</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/http-demo</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<context-param>
<param-name>title</param-name>
<param-value>购物网站</param-value>
</context-param>
<!-- 过滤器配置 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>loginFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>demo.filter.FilterDemo</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>loginFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!-- 登录验证servlet -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>loginServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>demo.servlet.LoginServlet</servlet-class>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>loginServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/login</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!-- 购物车servlet -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>cart</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>demo.servlet.CartServlet</servlet-class>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>cart</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/cart</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
/**
* 购物网站登录页面
*
* @author zhuhuix
* @date 2020-08-30
*/
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
// 重写Get请求方法,返回一个登录页面
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws IOException, ServletException {
req.setAttribute("title", getServletContext().getInitParameter("title"));
req.getRequestDispatcher("/form.jsp").forward(req, resp);
}
// 重写Post请求方法,提交用户名与密码
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
String name = req.getParameter("name");
Integer password = Integer.parseInt(req.getParameter("password"));
if (name != null && password != null) {
// 用户登录验证通过后,设置用户名称属性
req.getSession().setAttribute("name",name);
RequestDispatcher view = req.getRequestDispatcher("/cart.jsp");
view.forward(req, resp);
}
}
}
<!--表单页面-->
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css"
integrity="sha384-HSMxcRTRxnN+Bdg0JdbxYKrThecOKuH5zCYotlSAcp1+c8xmyTe9GYg1l9a69psu" crossorigin="anonymous">
<script src="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.2/js/bootstrap.min.js"
integrity="sha384-B4gt1jrGC7Jh4AgTPSdUtOBvfO8shuf57BaghqFfPlYxofvL8/KUEfYiJOMMV+rV"
crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<title>${title}用户登录</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<form role="form" method="post" action="login" class="form-horizontal">
<div class="form-group">
<h4 class="col-sm-3 col-sm-offset-3">用户登录</h4>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label class="col-sm-3 control-label">用户名</label>
<div class="col-sm-3">
<input name="name" type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="请输入用户名">
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label class="col-sm-3 control-label">密码</label>
<div class="col-sm-3">
<input name="password" type="password" class="form-control" placeholder="请输入密码">
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<div class="col-sm-3 col-sm-offset-3">
<button class="btn btn-primary">点击登录</button>
</div>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</body>
</html>
/**
* 购物车Servlet
*
* @author zhuhuix
* @date 2020-08-29
*/
public class CartServlet extends javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet {
// 重写Post请求方法,提交购物车的数据,并返回结果页面
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
// 查找页面上的购物数量,并放入session中
req.getSession().setAttribute("phoneNumber", req.getParameter("phoneNumber"));
req.getSession().setAttribute("pcNumber", req.getParameter("pcNumber"));
req.getSession().setAttribute("bookNumber", req.getParameter("bookNumber"));
RequestDispatcher view = req.getRequestDispatcher("/result.jsp");
view.forward(req, resp);
}
}
<!--表单页面-->
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css"
integrity="sha384-HSMxcRTRxnN+Bdg0JdbxYKrThecOKuH5zCYotlSAcp1+c8xmyTe9GYg1l9a69psu" crossorigin="anonymous">
<script src="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.2/js/bootstrap.min.js"
integrity="sha384-B4gt1jrGC7Jh4AgTPSdUtOBvfO8shuf57BaghqFfPlYxofvL8/KUEfYiJOMMV+rV"
crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<title>${title}购物车</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<form role="form" method="post" action="cart" class="form-horizontal">
<div class="form-group">
<h4 class="col-sm-3 col-sm-offset-1">${name}的购物车</h4>
</div>
<table class="table table-bordered table-condensed" style="width: 30%">
<thead>
<tr>
<td>货物</td>
<td>数量</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>手机</td>
<td><input type="number" name="phoneNumber" value=${phoneNumber}> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>电脑</td>
<td><input type="number" name="pcNumber" value=${pcNumber}> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>书本</td>
<td><input type="number" name="bookNumber" value=${bookNumber}> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="form-group">
<div class="col-sm-1 col-sm-offset-1">
<button class="btn btn-primary">点击提交</button>
</div>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</body>
</html>
访问购物车页面:由于用户未登录,则会跳转到登录页面
用户输入用户名和密码后进行登录,登录成功后会跳转到购物车页面。
用户进行购物,并提交购物结果
退出页面,在浏览器中再次访问购物车页面,可以看到过滤器判断到用户会话存在,已处于登录状态,直接跳转到购物车页面。
原文:https://www.cnblogs.com/zhuhuix/p/13587689.html