常用命令
docker version # 显示docker的版本信息
docker info # 显示docker的系统信息,包括镜像和容器的数量
docker 命令 --help # 帮助命令,中间的"命令"替换为某个具体的指令,比如"image"
帮助文档地址
镜像命令
docker images:查看所有本地的主机上的镜像
[root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 8 months ago 13.3kB
#解释:
REPOSITORY 镜像的仓库源
TAG 镜像的标签
IMAGE ID 镜像的id
CREATED 镜像的创建事件
SIZE 镜像的大小
# 可选项
[root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# docker images --help
Usage: docker images [OPTIONS] [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
List images
Options:
-a, --all # 列出所有镜像
-q, --quiet # 只显示镜像的id
#列出所有镜像的id
docker images -aq
docker search:搜索镜像
[root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# docker search mysql
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 9945 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MyS… 3638 [OK]
Options:
-f, --filter filter Filter output based on conditions provided
#只显示收藏数量在3000以上的
[root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 9945 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MyS… 3639 [OK]
注:这里的内容从本质上说和在hub.docker上搜索的结果是一样的
docker pull:下载镜像
#下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名[:tag](tag是版本号)
[root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest 默认是最新版的
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
bf5952930446: Pull complete #分层下载,docker images核心 联合文件系统
8254623a9871: Pull complete
938e3e06dac4: Pull complete
ea28ebf28884: Pull complete
f3cef38785c2: Pull complete
894f9792565a: Pull complete
1d8a57523420: Pull complete
6c676912929f: Pull complete
3cdd8ff735c9: Pull complete
4c70cbe51682: Pull complete
e21cf0cb4dc3: Pull complete
28c36cd3abcc: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:6ded54eb1e5d048d8310321ba7b92587e9eadc83b519165b70bbe47e4046e76a
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest 真实地址
#由真实地址得出的两个等价命令
docker pull mysql
docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest
#指定版本下载(版本可查看hub.docker.com)
docker mysql:5.7
注:可以用的版本号应该来自
docker rmi:删除镜像
#根据id删除镜像
[root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# docker rmi -f 镜像id
#根据id删除多个镜像
[root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# docker rmi -f 镜像id 镜像id
#删除所有镜像
[root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)
容器命令
说明:要现有一个镜像才能创建容器,这里以一个centos镜像测试学习
docker pull centos
docker run[可选参数] image:新建容器并启动
#参数说明
--name="Name" #给容器取名
-d #以后台方式运行,类似于nohup
-it #使用交互方式运行,进入容器查看内容
-p #指定容器的端口 -p 8080:8080
-p #指定随机端口
#测试
[root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash #以bash的形式运行指令
[root@2dc2e3d5eb90 /]# ls #由前缀可以看出已经进入了容器
bin etc lib lost+found mnt proc run srv tmp var
dev home lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr
[root@2dc2e3d5eb90 /]# exit #退出容器的命令
exit
docker ps:查看正在运行的容器
#参数说明
-a #all,查看所有历史上运行过的容器
-n=? #显示最近创建的n个容器
-q #与docker images命令的附加-q参数相同,即只显示容器id
#测试:
[root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
2dc2e3d5eb90 centos "/bin/bash" 4 minutes ago Exited (0) 3 minutes ago inspiring_gagarin
5dcce85f2112 bf756fb1ae65 "/hello" 12 hours ago Exited (0) 12 hours ago distracted_lederberg
5adf71025107 bf756fb1ae65 "/hello" 13 hours ago Exited (0) 13 hours ago busy_mahavira
退出容器
exit #停止容器并退出
ctrl + P + Q #容器不停止退出
删除容器
docker rm 容器id #删除指定id的容器,且该容器必须为已经停止的容器
docker rm -f 容器id #删除指定id的容器,且该容器可以为已经运行的容器
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) #删除所有的容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm #删除所有的容器
注:完全退出容器(如:使用exit命令)并不代表就是将这个容器删了,使用docker ps -aq命令还是可以查看到它们.想要真的删除还是要使用docker rm命令
启动和停止容器的操作
docker start 容器id #启动容器
docker restart 容器id #重启容器
docker stop 容器id #停止当前正在运行的容器(让容器自己停止)
docker kill 容器id #强制停止当前容器(还有外部手段强制容器停止)
常用其它命令
docker run -d 镜像名:后台启动容器
注:启动完成后,运行docker ps,会发现根本搜寻不到,因为容器启动后必须要有执行的任务,否则docker发现没有应用,就会自动停止
docker log:查看日志
docker logs -f -t --tail 日志条数 容器id #查看日志
#测试
[root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# docker logs -f -t --tail 10 267946578eae
2020-09-10T01:52:34.002346246Z [root@267946578eae /]# exit
2020-09-10T01:52:34.002385790Z exit
2020-09-10T01:53:35.193824155Z [root@267946578eae /]# exit
docker top 容器id:查看容器中进程信息(该容器需要为运行状态)
[root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# docker start 267946578eae
267946578eae
[root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
267946578eae centos "/bin/bash" 28 minutes ago Up 4 seconds zealous_hawking
[root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# docker top 267946578eae
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 6854 6836 0 10:20 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
docker inspect 容器id:查看元数据
#测试
[root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# docker inspect 267946578eae
[
{
"Id": "267946578eaefdc9065879219c72b656f3cf874cb1bc99af005e115597310032", #id的全路径
"Created": "2020-09-10T01:52:28.101148498Z",
"Path": "/bin/bash",
"Args": [],
"State": {
"Status": "running", #状态:正在运行
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 6854,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2020-09-10T02:20:30.117511469Z",
"FinishedAt": "2020-09-10T01:53:35.203909156Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:0d120b6ccaa8c5e149176798b3501d4dd1885f961922497cd0abef155c869566", #镜像来源
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/267946578eaefdc9065879219c72b656f3cf874cb1bc99af005e115597310032/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/267946578eaefdc9065879219c72b656f3cf874cb1bc99af005e115597310032/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/267946578eaefdc9065879219c72b656f3cf874cb1bc99af005e115597310032/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/267946578eaefdc9065879219c72b656f3cf874cb1bc99af005e115597310032/267946578eaefdc9065879219c72b656f3cf874cb1bc99af005e115597310032-json.log",
"Name": "/zealous_hawking",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"Capabilities": null,
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2cfa27ccb7989cc146409f7d5c11960fb676fda394d1d7ca32019d3b9d560a8a-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/fe1013e525ea3b1dae1b9f612d861ff90165ff5dbb377e81ec4758166f07f00a/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2cfa27ccb7989cc146409f7d5c11960fb676fda394d1d7ca32019d3b9d560a8a/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2cfa27ccb7989cc146409f7d5c11960fb676fda394d1d7ca32019d3b9d560a8a/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2cfa27ccb7989cc146409f7d5c11960fb676fda394d1d7ca32019d3b9d560a8a/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "267946578eae",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": true,
"AttachStdout": true,
"AttachStderr": true,
"Tty": true,
"OpenStdin": true,
"StdinOnce": true,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/bash"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20200809",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "351a0522bad7713d555a0fda889b3c43396a4f9aa49a794c2947401227a83823",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/351a0522bad7",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "399a6f23e15b8c7c6d198d85b9b2ea02ab92950aff1f726a63555b588289128b",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "e33b6b9e8a86c82a5eeb03578b023317ed6aebed6d32dd8d04a5b138ffea5dfe",
"EndpointID": "399a6f23e15b8c7c6d198d85b9b2ea02ab92950aff1f726a63555b588289128b",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
进入当前正在运行的容器
#我们通常容器都是使用后台方式运行的,需要进入容器,修改一些配置
#方式1
docker exec -it 容器id /bin/bash #以交互方式,通过bash/sh命令行进入
#测试
[root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
267946578eae centos "/bin/bash" 41 minutes ago Up 13 minutes zealous_hawking
[root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# docker exec -it 267946578eae /bin/bash
[root@267946578eae /]# ps -ef
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 02:20 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 14 0 0 02:34 pts/1 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 27 14 0 02:34 pts/1 00:00:00 ps -ef
#方式二
docker attach 容器id #与第一种方式的区别,是进入了一个新的命令行,而不是开启了一个新的窗口
#区别:
#docker exec:相当于打开了一个新的终端
#docker attach:进入容器正在执行的终端,且不会启动新的进程!!
从容器内拷贝文件到主机上
#将容器内的文件拷贝到主机
docker cp 容器id:容器内路径 目的的主机路径
#test
[root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
267946578eae centos "/bin/bash" 59 minutes ago Up 31 minutes zealous_hawking
[root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# docker attach 267946578eae
[root@267946578eae /]# ls
bin etc lib lost+found mnt proc run srv tmp var
dev home lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr
[root@267946578eae /]# pwd
/
[root@267946578eae /]# touch test.java #在容器中创建文件
[root@267946578eae /]# ls
bin etc lib lost+found mnt proc run srv test.java usr
dev home lib64 media opt root sbin sys tmp var
[root@267946578eae /]# exit
exit
[root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# ls
aa.sh file_clear.sh for.sh load_data.sh
[root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# pwd
/root
[root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# mkdir test #创建test文件夹,用来存放copy过来的文件
[root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# ls
aa.sh file_clear.sh for.sh load_data.sh test
[root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z /]# docker cp 267946578eae:/test.java /root/test #拷贝
[root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z /]# cd /root/test
[root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z test]# ls
test.java
#拷贝是一个手动过程,未来我们使用-v卷的技术,可以实现自动同步
联系图
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原文：https://www.cnblogs.com/Arno-vc/p/13649598.html