1.DRF初始化
1.认证 2.权限 3.限流 4.序列化 5.分页 6.脚本
1.1 安装DjangoRestFramework
pip install djangorestframework==3.11.1 pip install django-filter==2.3.0 pip install markdown
1.2 在syl/settings.py中注册
INSTALLED_APP = [ ‘djang.filters‘, ‘rest_framework‘, ]
1.3 过滤器
# 1,安装 django-filter # 2,注册应用 # 3,配置settings, 在view里配置可过滤的字段 # 4,使用 查询字符串携带过滤信息 REST_FRAMEWORK = { # 文档报错: AttributeError: ‘AutoSchema’ object has no attribute ‘get_link’ # 用下面的设置可以解决 ‘DEFAULT_SCHEMA_CLASS‘: ‘rest_framework.schemas.AutoSchema‘, # 默认设置是: # ‘DEFAULT_SCHEMA_CLASS‘: ‘rest_framework.schemas.openapi.AutoSchema‘, # 异常处理器 # ‘EXCEPTION_HANDLER‘: ‘user.utils.exception_handler‘, # Base API policies ‘DEFAULT_RENDERER_CLASSES‘: [ ‘rest_framework.renderers.JSONRenderer‘, ‘rest_framework.renderers.BrowsableAPIRenderer‘, ], ‘DEFAULT_PARSER_CLASSES‘: [ ‘rest_framework.parsers.JSONParser‘, ‘rest_framework.parsers.FormParser‘, ‘rest_framework.parsers.MultiPartParser‘ ], # 1.认证器(全局) ‘DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES‘: [ ‘rest_framework.authentication.SessionAuthentication‘, # 使用session时的认证器 ‘rest_framework.authentication.BasicAuthentication‘ # 提交表单时的认证器 ], #2.权限配置(全局): 顺序靠上的严格 ‘DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES‘: [ # ‘rest_framework.permissions.IsAdminUser‘, # 管理员可以访问 # ‘rest_framework.permissions.IsAuthenticated‘, # 认证用户可以访问 # ‘rest_framework.permissions.IsAuthenticatedOrReadOnly‘, # 认证用户可以访问, 否则只能读取 # ‘rest_framework.permissions.AllowAny‘, # 所有用户都可以访问 ], #3.限流(防爬虫) ‘DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES‘: [ ‘rest_framework.throttling.AnonRateThrottle‘, ‘rest_framework.throttling.UserRateThrottle‘, ], #3.1限流策略 ‘DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES‘: { ‘user‘: ‘100/hour‘, # 认证用户每小时100次 ‘anon‘: ‘3/day‘, # 未认证用户每天能访问3次 }, ‘DEFAULT_CONTENT_NEGOTIATION_CLASS‘: ‘rest_framework.negotiation.DefaultContentNegotiation‘, ‘DEFAULT_METADATA_CLASS‘: ‘rest_framework.metadata.SimpleMetadata‘, ‘DEFAULT_VERSIONING_CLASS‘: None, #4.分页(全局):全局分页器, 例如 省市区的数据自定义分页器, 不需要分页 ‘DEFAULT_PAGINATION_CLASS‘: ‘rest_framework.pagination.PageNumberPagination‘, # 每页返回数量 ‘PAGE_SIZE‘: 10, # 默认 None #5.过滤器后端 ‘DEFAULT_FILTER_BACKENDS‘: [ ‘django_filters.rest_framework.DjangoFilterBackend‘, # ‘django_filters.rest_framework.backends.DjangoFilterBackend‘, 包路径有变化 ], #5.1过滤排序(全局):Filtering 过滤排序 ‘SEARCH_PARAM‘: ‘search‘, ‘ORDERING_PARAM‘: ‘ordering‘, ‘NUM_PROXIES‘: None, #6.版本控制:Versioning 接口版本控制 ‘DEFAULT_VERSION‘: None, ‘ALLOWED_VERSIONS‘: None, ‘VERSION_PARAM‘: ‘version‘, # Authentication 认证 # 未认证用户使用的用户类型 ‘UNAUTHENTICATED_USER‘: ‘django.contrib.auth.models.AnonymousUser‘, # 未认证用户使用的Token值 ‘UNAUTHENTICATED_TOKEN‘: None, # View configuration ‘VIEW_NAME_FUNCTION‘: ‘rest_framework.views.get_view_name‘, ‘VIEW_DESCRIPTION_FUNCTION‘: ‘rest_framework.views.get_view_description‘, ‘NON_FIELD_ERRORS_KEY‘: ‘non_field_errors‘, # Testing ‘TEST_REQUEST_RENDERER_CLASSES‘: [ ‘rest_framework.renderers.MultiPartRenderer‘, ‘rest_framework.renderers.JSONRenderer‘ ], ‘TEST_REQUEST_DEFAULT_FORMAT‘: ‘multipart‘, # Hyperlink settings ‘URL_FORMAT_OVERRIDE‘: ‘format‘, ‘FORMAT_SUFFIX_KWARG‘: ‘format‘, ‘URL_FIELD_NAME‘: ‘url‘, # Encoding ‘UNICODE_JSON‘: True, ‘COMPACT_JSON‘: True, ‘STRICT_JSON‘: True, ‘COERCE_DECIMAL_TO_STRING‘: True, ‘UPLOADED_FILES_USE_URL‘: True, # Browseable API ‘HTML_SELECT_CUTOFF‘: 1000, ‘HTML_SELECT_CUTOFF_TEXT‘: "More than {count} items...", # Schemas ‘SCHEMA_COERCE_PATH_PK‘: True, ‘SCHEMA_COERCE_METHOD_NAMES‘: { ‘retrieve‘: ‘read‘, ‘destroy‘: ‘delete‘ }, }
1.4 创建user/serializers.py写序列化器
from rest_framework impert serializers from user models import User def address_validate(data): # 独立校验器 # raise serializers.ValidatitnError(‘请填写实际地址‘) # 有错就抛出异常 # 没错就返回数据 return data # 没错就返回数据 return data class UserSerializer(serializers.ModelSetializer): # 1.独立校验器,重新设定字段,替换掉模型中的设定,重新设定地址的长度为S address = serializer.CharField(max_length=255,min_length=5,validators=[address_validate]) # 2.单一字段验证,验证地址 def validate_address(self.data): if data == ‘测试‘: raise seriarlizers.ValidationError(‘请填写实际地址‘) # 有错就抛出异常 return data # 没错就返回结果 def validate_phone(self.data): # 不符合手机号格式 # raise serializers.ValidationError(‘手机号格式不正确‘) model = self.root.Meta.model num = model.objects.filter(phone=data).count() if num > 0: raise serializers.ValidationError(‘手机号已存在‘) return data # 3.所有属性验证器 def validate(self,attrs): # attrs:{"username":"zhangsan","phone":"18538752511",...} # 所有属性验证器 # self.context 中有request和view上下文 # self.context[‘view‘].action 可以取到动作 # attrs 是需要序列化的数据 # raise serializers.ValidationError(‘xxx错误‘) # 有问题报错 return attrs # 没问题返回数据 class Meta: model = User # fields = (‘id‘,) # 临时添加字也需要写在这里 fields = ‘__all__‘ # 所有字段 # exclude = [‘id‘] # 排除 id 字段 read_only_fields = (‘‘,) # 指定字段为 read_only, # 拓展address:extra_kwargs = {} # 局部替换某些字段的设定,或者新增设定 extra_kwargs = { "address":{ "min_length":5, # 给地址增加 最小长度限制 "default":‘默认测试地址‘, # 增加默认值 } }
2.DRF认证、权限、限流、分页、过滤、序列化
2.1 user/urls.py
from django.urls import include,path from user import views from rest_framework.routers import SimpleRouter,DefaultRouter # 自动生成路由方法,必须使用视图集 # router = SimpleRouter() # 没有根路由 /user/ 无法识别 router = DefaultRouter() router.register(r‘user‘,views.UserViewSet) # 配置路由 urlpatterns = [ path(‘index/‘,views.index), path(‘api-auth/‘,include(‘rest_framework.urls‘,namespace=‘rest_framework‘)) # 认证地址 ] urlpatterns += router.urls # 模块地址
2.2 user/views.py
from django.http import HttpResponse from django_filters.rest_framework import DjangoFilterBackend from rest_framework import viewsets from rest_framework.authentication import BasicAuthentication,SessionAuthentication from rest_framework.decorators import action from rest_framework.filters import OrderingFilter from rest_framework.permissions import AllowAny,IsAdminUser,IsAuthenticatedOrReadOnly from rest_framework.response import Response from rest_framework.throttling import UserRateThrottle from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination from rest_framework.views import APIView from rest_framework.permissions import BasePermission,SAFE_METHDDS from user.models import User from user.serializeers import UserSerializer.UserUnActiveSerializer def index(request): # 需要认证才能访问的视图 return HttpResponse(‘hello‘) # 分页(局部):自定义分页器 局部 class PageNum(PageNumberPagination): # 查询字符串中代表每页数据的参数名,默认值:None page_size_query_param = ‘page_size‘ # 查询字符串中代码的参数名,有默认值:page # page_squery_param = ‘page‘ # 一页中最多的结果条件 max_page_size = 2 # 自定义权限(局部) class MyPermissin(BasePermission): def has_permission(self,request,view): print(view.kwargs.get("pk"),request.user.id) """判断用户对使用此权限类的视图都有访问权限""" print(request) if request.user.is_superuser: # 管理员对用户模型有访问权 return True elif view.kwars.get(‘pk‘) == str(request.user.id): # 携带的id和用户的id相同有访问权 return True return False def has_object_permission(self,request,view,obj): """获取单个数据时,判断用户对某个数据对象是否有访问权限""" if request.user.id == obj.id: return True return False class UserViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet): """ 完成产品的增删改查 """ queryset = User.objects.all() serializer_class = UserSerializer # 优先使用 get_serializer_class 返回的序列化器 # # 1.认证:自定义认证类,自定义会覆盖全局配置 # authentication_classes = (BasicAuthentiction,SessionAuthenication) # # 2.权限:自定义权限类 # permission_classes = (MyPermission,) # 3.分页:自定义分页器 覆盖全局配置 pagination_class = PageNum # 4.限流:自定义限流类 throttle_class = [UserRateThrottle] # 5.过滤:指定过滤方法类,排序方法类,排序方法类,一个成多个 filter_backends = (DjangoFilterBackend,OrderingFilter) #同时支持过滤和排序 # 5.1 指定排序字段,不设置,排序功能不起效 ordering_fields = (‘date_joined‘,‘id‘) # ?ordering =- id # 5.2 指定过滤字段,不设置,过滤功能不起效 filter_fields = (‘username‘,‘phone‘,‘is_active‘) # ?username=tom&phone = &is_active = true filter_fields = (‘username‘,‘phone‘,‘is_active‘) # ?username=tom&phone=&is_active=trun # 根据不同的请求,获得不同的序列化器 def get_serializer_class(self): if self.action == ‘usactived‘: return UserUnActiveSerializer else: return UserSerializer
原文:https://www.cnblogs.com/nbzyf/p/13736831.html