说到netty通讯,回忆了下,还是18年的时候,学了了netty,至今就学习的时候写过一个项目。最近闲生,被要求做一个netty通讯的项目,顺手,总结一下,之前写的项目。
当时是写了一款访微信聊天的软件,所以用到了netty通讯,废话不过说,我们来直接上代码吧。
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
@Slf4j
@Component
public class WSServer {
private static class SingletionWSServer {
static final WSServer instance = new WSServer();
}
public static WSServer getInstance() {
return SingletionWSServer.instance;
}
private EventLoopGroup mainGroup;
private EventLoopGroup subGroup;
private ServerBootstrap server;
private ChannelFuture future;
public WSServer() {
// 主线程组
mainGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
// 子线程组
subGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
// netty服务器的创建,ServerBootstrap是一个启动类
server = new ServerBootstrap();
server.group(mainGroup, subGroup)// 设置主从线程组
.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)// 设置nio双向通道
.childHandler(new WSServerInitializer());// 子处理器,用于处理subGroup
}
/**
* 启动
*/
public void start() {
this.future = server.bind(9700);
System.err.println("netty websocket server 启动完毕...");
log.info("netty websocket server 启动完毕...");
}
}
这个类用于创建netty的服务端链接,下面我们来配置启动的一些配置。
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpObjectAggregator;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpServerCodec;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.WebSocketServerProtocolHandler;
import io.netty.handler.stream.ChunkedWriteHandler;
import io.netty.handler.timeout.IdleStateHandler;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
@Slf4j
public class WSServerInitializer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
System.out.println("初始化 SocketChannel");
log.info("初始化 SocketChannel");
ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
//websocket 基于http协议,所以要http编解码器
pipeline.addLast(new HttpServerCodec());
//对写大数据流的支持
pipeline.addLast(new ChunkedWriteHandler());
//对httpMessage进行聚合,聚合成FullHttpRequest或FullHttpResponse
//几乎在netty中的编程,都会使用到此hanler
pipeline.addLast(new HttpObjectAggregator(1024*64));
//========================以上是用于支持http协议========================
//========================增加心跳支持 start ========================
//针对客户端,如果在1分钟时没有想服务端发送写心跳(ALL),则主动断开
//如果是读空闲或者写空闲,不处理
pipeline.addLast(new IdleStateHandler(8, 10, 12));
//自定义的空闲检测
pipeline.addLast(new HeartBeatHandler());
//========================增加心跳支持 end ========================
/**
* websocket服务器处理的协议,用于指定给客户端连接访问的路由: /ws
* 本Handler会帮助你处理一些繁重的复杂的事
* 会帮你处理握手动作: handshaking(close, ping, pong) ping + pong = 心跳
* 对于websocket来讲,都是以frames进行传输的,不同的数据类型对应的frames也不同
*/
pipeline.addLast(new WebSocketServerProtocolHandler("/ws"));
//自定义hanler
pipeline.addLast(new ChatHandler());
}
}
自定义空闲检测
import io.netty.channel.Channel;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.handler.timeout.IdleState;
import io.netty.handler.timeout.IdleStateEvent;
/**
* 用于检测channel的心跳的handler 继承 ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter 从而不需要实现 channelRead0方法
*
* @author wb0024
*
*/
public class HeartBeatHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
@Override
public void userEventTriggered(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object evt) throws Exception {
// 判断evt是否是IdleStateEvent(用于触发用户事件,包含 读空闲/写空闲/读写空闲)
if (evt instanceof IdleStateEvent) {
IdleStateEvent event = (IdleStateEvent) evt; // 强制类型转换
if (event.state() == IdleState.READER_IDLE) {
System.out.println("进入读空闲...");
} else if (event.state() == IdleState.WRITER_IDLE) {
System.out.println("进入写空闲...");
} else if (event.state() == IdleState.ALL_IDLE) {
System.out.println("channel关闭前users数量为:"+ChatHandler.users.size());
System.out.println("进入读写空闲...");
Channel channel = ctx.channel();
//关闭无用的channel,以防资源浪费
channel.close();
System.out.println("channel关闭后users数量为:"+ChatHandler.users.size());
}
}
}
}
自定义hanler
import com.imooc.enums.MsgActionEnum;
import com.imooc.utils.JsonUtils;
import io.netty.channel.Channel;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;
import io.netty.channel.group.ChannelGroup;
import io.netty.channel.group.DefaultChannelGroup;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.TextWebSocketFrame;
import io.netty.util.concurrent.GlobalEventExecutor;
/**
* 处理消息的handler
*
* @author wb0024 TextWebSocketFrame:在netty中,是用于为websocket专门处理文本的对象,frame是消息的载体
*/
public class ChatHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<TextWebSocketFrame> {
// 用于记录和管理所有客户端的channel
public static ChannelGroup users = new DefaultChannelGroup(GlobalEventExecutor.INSTANCE);
@Override
protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, TextWebSocketFrame msg) throws Exception {
// 获取客户端传输过来的消息
String content = msg.text();
System.out.println("处理消息的handler:" + content);
Channel currentChannel = ctx.channel();
// 1. 获取客户端发送的消息
DataContent dataContent = JsonUtils.jsonToPojo(content, DataContent.class);
Integer action = dataContent.getAction();
System.out.println("action:" + action);
// 2. 判断消息类型,根据不同的类型来处理不同的业务
if (action == MsgActionEnum.CONNECT.type) {
// 2.1 当websocket 第一次open的时候,初始化channel,把用户的channel和userId关联起来
String senderId = dataContent.getChatMsg().getSenderId();
UserChannelRel.put(senderId, currentChannel);
// 测试
for (Channel channel : users) {
System.out.println(channel.id().asLongText());
}
UserChannelRel.output();
} else if (action == MsgActionEnum.CHAT.type) {
// 2.2 聊天类型的消息,把聊天记录保存到数据库,同时标记消息的签收状态[未签收]
ChatMsg chatMsg = dataContent.getChatMsg();
String receiverId = chatMsg.getReceiverId();
DataContent dataContentMsg = new DataContent();
dataContentMsg.setChatMsg(chatMsg);
// 发送消息
// 从全局用户channel关系中获取接受方的channel
Channel receiverChannel = UserChannelRel.get(receiverId);
if (receiverChannel != null) {
// 当receiverChannel不为空的时候,从 ChannelGroup 去查找对应的channel是否存在
Channel findChannel = users.find(receiverChannel.id());
if (findChannel != null) {
// 用户在线
receiverChannel.writeAndFlush(new TextWebSocketFrame(JsonUtils.objectToJson(dataContentMsg)));
}
}
} else if (action == MsgActionEnum.KEEPALIVE.type) {
// 2.4 心跳类型的消息
System.out.println("收到来自channel为[" + currentChannel + "]的心跳包");
}
}
/**
* 当客户连接服务端之后(打开链接) 获取客户端的channel,并且放到ChannelGroup中去进行管理
*/
@Override
public void handlerAdded(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
users.add(ctx.channel());
}
@Override
public void handlerRemoved(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
String channelId = ctx.channel().id().asLongText();
System.out.println("客户端被移除,channelId为:" + channelId);
// 当触发handlerRemoved,ChannelGroup会自动移除对应的客户端channel
users.remove(ctx.channel());
}
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
cause.printStackTrace();
// 发生异常之后关键channel。随后从ChannelGroup 中移除
ctx.channel().close();
users.remove(ctx.channel());
}
}
定义channel管理
import java.util.HashMap;
import io.netty.channel.Channel;
/**
* 用户id和channel的关联关系处理
*
* @author wb0024
*
*/
public class UserChannelRel {
private static HashMap<String, Channel> manager = new HashMap<>();
public static void put(String senderId, Channel channel) {
manager.put(senderId, channel);
}
public static Channel get(String senderId) {
return manager.get(senderId);
}
public static void output() {
for (HashMap.Entry<String, Channel> entry : manager.entrySet()) {
System.out.println("UserId:" + entry.getKey() +
",ChannelId:" + entry.getValue().id().asLongText());
}
}
}
其他类
import java.io.Serializable;
import lombok.Data;
@Data
public class ChatMsg implements Serializable {
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private String senderId; // 发送者的用户id
private String receiverId; // 接受者的用户id
private String msg; // 聊天内容
private String msgId; // 用于消息的签收
}
import java.io.Serializable;
import lombok.Data;
@Data
public class DataContent implements Serializable {
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private Integer action; // 动作类型
private ChatMsg chatMsg; // 用户的聊天内容对象
private String extand; // 扩展字段
}
好了,到了这里一个简单的netty通讯就做好了
原文:https://www.cnblogs.com/haoliyou/p/13754375.html