计算机网络:
计算机网络是指将地理位置不同的具有独立功能的多台计算机及其外部设备,通过通信线路连接起来,在网络操作系统,网络管理软件及网络通信协议的管理和协调下,实现资源共享和信息传递的计算机系统。
网络编程的目的:
无线电台...传播交流信息,数据交换。通信
预备知识:
如何准确定位网络上的一台主机? IP地址:端口号 例如:192.168.16.124:端口,定位到这个计算机上的某个资源
找到目标主机,如何传输数据?
javaweb : 网页编程 B/S
网络编程 : TCP/IP C/S
如何实现网络的通信?
通信双方的地址:
规则:网络通信的协议
OSI参考模型
TCP/IP参考模型
小结:
InetAddress
唯一定位一台网络上的计算机
127.0.0.1:本机localhost
ip地址的分类
ipv4/ipv6
IPv4 : 4个字节。0-255,42亿;30亿都在北美,亚洲4亿。2011年就用尽;
IPv6 : 128位。8个无符号整数!
2001:0bb2:aaaa:0015:98yu:2131:1111:9id9
公网(互联网)- 私网(局域网)
try {
//获取本机地址
InetAddress inetAddress = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
System.out.println(inetAddress);
InetAddress inetAddress3 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
System.out.println(inetAddress3);
InetAddress inetAddress4 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
System.out.println(inetAddress4);
//查询网站ip地址
InetAddress inetAddress2 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
System.out.println(inetAddress2);
//常用方法
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getAddress());
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getCanonicalHostName());//规范的名字
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostAddress());//ip
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostName());//域名,或者自己电脑的名字
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
端口表示 计算机上的一个程序的进程;
不同的进程有不同的端口号!用来区分软件!
被规定0-65535
TCP,UDP : 655535 * 2 单个协议下,端口号不能冲突
端口分类:
公有端口0 - 1023
HTTP : 80
HTTPS : 443
FTP: 21
Telent : 23
程序注册端口:1024 - 49151,分配用户或者程序
动态、私有:49152 - 65535
netstat -ano #查看所有的端口
netstat -ano|findstr "5900"
tasklist|findstr "8696"
Ctrl + Shift + ESC 任务管理器
```java
InetSocketAddress socketAddress = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1",8080);
System.out.println(socketAddress);
InetSocketAddress socketAddress2 = new InetSocketAddress("localhost",8080);
System.out.println(socketAddress2);
System.out.println(socketAddress.getAddress());
System.out.println(socketAddress.getHostName());//地址
System.out.println(socketAddress.getPort());//端口
?
协议:约定。
网络通信协议 : 速率,传输码率,代码结构,传输控制....
问题:非常的复杂?——— 分层
TCP/IP一组协议
重要:
TCP UDP 对比:
TCP:打电话
连接,稳定
三次握手
四次挥手
最少需要三次,保证稳定连接!
A:你瞅啥?
B:瞅你咋地?
A:干一场!
A:我要走了。
B:我知道你要走了。
B:你真的走了吗?
A:我真的走了。
客户端、服务端
传输完成、释放连接、效率低
UDP: 发短信
客户端
Socket socket = null;
OutputStream os =null;
try {
//1.我得知道服务器的地址
InetAddress inetAddress = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
int port =9999;
//2.创建以一个socket连接
socket = new Socket(inetAddress,port);
//3.发送消息 IO流
os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("hello,i‘m litzhi.".getBytes());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
服务端
ServerSocket serverSocket=null;
Socket socket=null;
InputStream is=null;
ByteArrayOutputStream bos=null;
try {
//1.我得有一个地址
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
while (true) {
//2.等待客户端连接过来
socket = serverSocket.accept();
//3.读取客户端的消息
is = socket.getInputStream();
//管道流
bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
bos.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
System.out.println(bos.toString());
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
服务器端
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1. 创建服务
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
//2. 监听客户端的连接
Socket socket=serverSocket.accept();//阻塞式监听,会一直等待客户端的连接
//3. 获取输入流
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
//4. 文件输出
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("receive.txt"));
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = is.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知客户端我接受完毕了
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("接受完毕".getBytes());
//5. 关闭资源
fos.close();
is.close();
socket.close();
serverSocket.close();
}
客户端
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.创建一个Socket连接
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),9000);
//2.创建一个输出流
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3.读取文件
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("C:\\Users\\12274\\Desktop\\info.txt"));
//4.写出文件
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len=fis.read(buffer))!=-1){
os.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知服务器,我已经结束了
socket.shutdownOutput();//我已经传输完了
//确定服务器接收完毕,才能断开连接
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
ByteArrayOutputStream baos=new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer2 = new byte[2048];
int len2;
while ((len2=is.read(buffer2))!=-1){
baos.write(buffer2,0,len2);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
//5.关闭资源
fis.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
}
服务端
客户端
发短信:不用连接,需要知道对方的地址!
接受端:
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.开放端口
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
//2.接收数据包
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞接受
System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength()));
//关闭连接
socket.close();
}
发送端:
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.建立一个Socket
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
//2.建个包
String msg ="hello,server!";
InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
int port = 9090;
DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(),0,msg.getBytes().length,localhost,port);
//3.发送包
socket.send(datagramPacket);
socket.close();
}
TalkSend
package com.litzhi.chat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
/**
* @author litzhi
* @description TODO
* @modified By
* @since Created in 2020/11/21 13:31
*/
public class TalkSend implements Runnable {
DatagramSocket socket = null;
BufferedReader reader =null;
private int fromPort;
private String toIP;
private int toPort;
public TalkSend(int fromPort, String toIP, int toPort) {
this.fromPort = fromPort;
this.toIP = toIP;
this.toPort = toPort;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
//准备数据: 控制台读取 System.in
while (true) {
try {
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP, this.toPort));
socket.send(packet);
if (data.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
TalkReceive
package com.litzhi.chat;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
/**
* @author litzhi
* @description TODO
* @modified By
* @since Created in 2020/11/21 13:36
*/
public class TalkReceive implements Runnable {
DatagramSocket socket =null;
private int port;
private String msgFrom;
public TalkReceive(int port,String msgFrom) {
this.port = port;
this.msgFrom = msgFrom;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
try {
//准备接受包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
socket.receive(packet);
//断开连接 bye
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data,0, packet.getLength());
System.out.println(msgFrom+": "+receiveData);
if(receiveData.equals("bye")){
break;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
开启两个线程
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(new TalkSend(7777,"localhost",9999)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888,"Teacher")).start();
}
www.baidu.com
统一资源定位符:定位资源的,定位互联网上的某一资源
DNS 域名解析 www.baidu.com xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
协议: //ip地址:port/项目名/资源
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
URL url = new URL("Http://localhost:8080/test/test.txt");
System.out.println(url.getProtocol());//协议
System.out.println(url.getHost());//主机ip
System.out.println(url.getPort());//端口
System.out.println(url.getPath());//文件
System.out.println(url.getFile());//全路径
System.out.println(url.getQuery());//参数
HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
InputStream is = urlConnection.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("test.txt");
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = is.read(buffer))==-1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
fos.close();
is.close();
urlConnection.disconnect();
}
原文:https://www.cnblogs.com/litzhi/p/14018787.html