接口自动化-requests

#There are times that you may want to send data that is not form-encoded. If you pass in a string instead of a dict, that data will be posted directly.

#For example, the GitHub API v3 accepts JSON-Encoded POST/PATCH data:

>>> import json

>>> url = ‘https://api.github.com/some/endpoint‘
>>> payload = {‘some‘: ‘data‘}

>>> r = requests.post(url, data=json.dumps(payload))#字典转换成string

#Instead of encoding the dict yourself, you can also pass it directly using the json parameter (added in version 2.4.2) and it will be encoded automatically:

>>> url = ‘https://api.github.com/some/endpoint‘
>>> payload = {‘some‘: ‘data‘}

>>> r = requests.post(url, json=payload)
#Note, the json parameter is ignored if either data or files is passed.

#Using the json parameter in the request will change the Content-Type in the header to application/json.

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<data>
    <country name="Liechtenstein">
        <rank>1</rank>
        <year>2008</year>
        <gdppc>141100</gdppc>
        <neighbor name="Austria" direction="E"/>
        <neighbor name="Switzerland" direction="W"/>
    </country>
    <country name="Singapore">
        <rank>4</rank>
        <year>2011</year>
        <gdppc>59900</gdppc>
        <neighbor name="Malaysia" direction="N"/>
    </country>
    <country name="Panama">
        <rank>68</rank>
        <year>2011</year>
        <gdppc>13600</gdppc>
        <neighbor name="Costa Rica" direction="W"/>
        <neighbor name="Colombia" direction="E"/>
    </country>
</data>

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
tree = ET.parse(‘country_data.xml‘)#xml存在文件
#root = ET.fromstring(country_data_as_string)#直接从string中导入
root = tree.getroot()

>>> for child in root:
...     print child.tag, child.attrib
...
country {‘name‘: ‘Liechtenstein‘}
country {‘name‘: ‘Singapore‘}
country {‘name‘: ‘Panama‘}

Element has some useful methods that help iterate recursively over all the sub-tree below it (its children, their children, and so on). For example, Element.iter():

>>> for neighbor in root.iter(‘neighbor‘):
...     print neighbor.attrib
...
{‘name‘: ‘Austria‘, ‘direction‘: ‘E‘}
{‘name‘: ‘Switzerland‘, ‘direction‘: ‘W‘}
{‘name‘: ‘Malaysia‘, ‘direction‘: ‘N‘}
{‘name‘: ‘Costa Rica‘, ‘direction‘: ‘W‘}
{‘name‘: ‘Colombia‘, ‘direction‘: ‘E‘}

Element.findall() finds only elements with a tag which are direct children of the current element. Element.find() finds the first child with a particular tag, and Element.text accesses the element’s text content. Element.get() accesses the element’s attributes:

>>> for country in root.findall(‘country‘):
...     rank = country.find(‘rank‘).text
...     name = country.get(‘name‘)
...     print name, rank
...
Liechtenstein 1
Singapore 4
Panama 68
###################
This module provides limited support for XPath expressions for locating elements in a tree. The goal is to support a small subset of the abbreviated syntax; a full XPath engine is outside the scope of the module.

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

root = ET.fromstring(countrydata)

# Top-level elements，<data></data> 输出是Element data...

root.findall(".") 

# All ‘neighbor‘ grand-children of ‘country‘ children of the top-level
# elements
root.findall("./country/neighbor")

# Nodes with name=‘Singapore‘ that have a ‘year‘ child
root.findall(".//year/..[@name=‘Singapore‘]")

# ‘year‘ nodes that are children of nodes with name=‘Singapore‘
root.findall(".//*[@name=‘Singapore‘]/year")

# All ‘neighbor‘ nodes that are the second child of their parent
root.findall(".//neighbor[2]")