CAVLC

1.什么是CAVLC?

Context Adaptive Variable Length Coding (CAVLC) is a method used to encode residual, scan ordered blocks of transform coefficients.

2.CAVLC是怎么工作?

1. 对于量化后的4 * 4的block, CAVLC使用run-level来represent strings of zeros.
2. Context Adaptive 的意思就是通过上下文自动调节的一种编码，所以这边CAVLC是通过附近4 * 4的block的情况来选择自己的"VLC table", 用这个VLC talbe 来编码 coeff_token.
3. 高频的值的1，-1之类的。使用"Trailing 1s" or "T1s" 来表示. 0代表1， 1代表-1.

3.CAVLC工作流程图

4. 编码coeff_token 以及 VLC Table 的选择

coeff_token必须使用VLC Table来查找对应的二进制.
coeff_token 编码了 Toal-Coeffs 代表非 0 coefficient的个数,取值从0到16.同时也编码了 Trailiing 1s（T1s). 从 0 到 3. 代表有多少个coefficient数据是1 或者 -1,从高频到低频排序.
For Luma, Chroma DC (4:4:4) and Chroma AC.
(T1, numCoeff) will be coded based on nCContext. nCContext = (nCA + nCB + 1) >> 1. nCA is the number of nonzero coefficients available in the left 4x4 submacroblock and nCB is the number of nonzero coefficients available in the up 4x4 submacroblock.
如果nCb不可以用,nCC = nCb.
如果nCa不可以用,nCC = nCa.
如果两者都不可以用,nCC = 0;
根据nC,T1 ,numCoeff 编码 coeff_token,如下图

For ChromaDC.

5. 编码 trailing 1s 的符号位

顺序为从高频到低频, 0 = +1, 1 = -1.

6. 编码 level of remaing non-zero coefficients.

level 由两个部分组成 prefix 和 suffix. 通俗的来说就是,prefix代表了高位的数据,suffix代表了低位的数据.
prefix总是以1结尾.

官方decoding代码

Encoding level算法


encoding level算法的例子.
假设如下4*4block

Reordered block:?2, 4, 3, ?3, 0, 0, ?1, ...
TotalCoeffs = 5
TotalZeros = 2
T1s = 1

1. encoding a = -3的时候.
   step2: |a| = |a| - 1. a = -2;
   |a| < 8, number of zeros = 2 * (|-2| - 1) + (1) = 3;
   所以值就为 <0001><>
   更新suffxLength = 1;
2. encoding a = 3的时候.
   step3: |a| = |a| - 1, a = 2;
   step5: 符号为正数, 所以suffix的最后一位为0.
   step7: number of remaing zeros = 2;
   所以值为<001><0>
3. encoding a = 4的时候.
   step3: |a| = |a| - 1, a = 3;
   step5:符号为正数, 所以suffix的最后一位为0.
   step7: number of remaing zeros = 3;
   值为<0001><0>
   更新suffxLength = 2;
   4.encoding a = -2
   step5: suffix 最后一位，符号位为1.
   step6: |a| - 1 = 1B(二进制的1). suffix就为<11>
   step7: number of zeros = 0;
   值为<1><11>

7.编码 total number of zeros before the last coefficient

For Luma, Chroma DC (4:4:4) and Chroma AC, the (total_zeros, numCoeff) table

For Chroma DC (4:2:0), the code for total_zeros

for Chroma DC (4:2:2)

8.编码 run before

需要注意的点

1. CAVLC uses run-level coding to to compactly represent strings of zeros.
2. if CAVLC is used with 8 * 8 interger transform, each 8 * 8 block of quantized transform coeffients is processed as 4 * 4 blocks for the purpose of CAVLC encoding and decoding.

资料来源

• The H.264 Advanced Video Compression Standards
• T-REC-H.264-200503-S!!PDF-E
• CAVLC (Context based Adaptive Variable Length Coding)

CAVLC

原文：https://www.cnblogs.com/robsann/p/14736340.html