Tomcat是Apache 软件基金会（Apache Software Foundation）的Jakarta 项目中的一个核心项目，由Apache、Sun 和其他一些公司及个人共同开发而成。由于有了Sun 的参与和支持，最新的Servlet 和JSP 规范总是能在Tomcat 中得到体现，Tomcat 5支持最新的Servlet 2.4 和JSP 2.0 规范。因为Tomcat 技术先进、性能稳定，而且免费，因而深受Java 爱好者的喜爱并得到了部分软件开发商的认可，成为目前比较流行的Web 应用服务器。
Tomcat 服务器是一个免费的开放源代码的Web 应用服务器，属于轻量级应用服务器，在中小型系统和并发访问用户不是很多的场合下被普遍使用，是开发和调试JSP 程序的首选。对于一个初学者来说，可以这样认为，当在一台机器上配置好Apache 服务器，可利用它响应HTML（标准通用标记语言下的一个应用）页面的访问请求。实际上Tomcat是Apache 服务器的扩展，但运行时它是独立运行的，所以当你运行tomcat 时，它实际上作为一个与Apache 独立的进程单独运行的。
诀窍是，当配置正确时，Apache 为HTML页面服务，而Tomcat 实际上运行JSP 页面和Servlet。另外，Tomcat和IIS等Web服务器一样，具有处理HTML页面的功能，另外它还是一个Servlet和JSP容器，独立的Servlet容器是Tomcat的默认模式。不过，Tomcat处理静态HTML的能力不如Apache服务器。目前Tomcat最新版本为9.0。
tomcat就是传说中的中间件之一，tomcat本身是一个容器，专门用来运行java程序，java语言开发的网页.jsp就应该运行于tomcat中。而tomcat本身的运行也依赖于jdk环境。
tomcat应用场景：lnmt
//安装jdk环境 [root@tomcat ~]# yum -y install java-1.8.0-openjdk java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel //查看安装的版本 [root@tomcat ~]# java -version openjdk version "1.8.0_292" OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_292-b10) OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.292-b10, mixed mode)
上官网下载tomcat
//下载tomcat [root@tomcat src]# wget http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache/tomcat/tomcat-9/v9.0.24/bin/apache-tomcat-9.0.24.tar.gz [root@tomcat src]# wget http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache/tomcat/tomcat-10/v10.0.6/bin/apache-tomcat-9.0.24.tar.gz //解压部署 [root@tomcat src]# ls apache-tomcat-10.0.6.tar.gz debug gitlab-ce-13.9.7-ce.0.el8.x86_64.rpm kernels [root@tomcat src]# tar xf apache-tomcat-10.0.6.tar.gz [root@tomcat src]# ls apache-tomcat-10.0.6 debug kernels apache-tomcat-10.0.6.tar.gz gitlab-ce-13.9.7-ce.0.el8.x86_64.rpm [root@tomcat src]# cd apache-tomcat-10.0.6 [root@tomcat apache-tomcat-10.0.6]# ls bin conf lib logs README.md RUNNING.txt webapps BUILDING.txt CONTRIBUTING.md LICENSE NOTICE RELEASE-NOTES temp work [root@tomcat apache-tomcat-10.0.6]# bin/startup.sh Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/src/apache-tomcat-10.0.6 Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/src/apache-tomcat-10.0.6 Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/src/apache-tomcat-10.0.6/temp Using JRE_HOME: /usr Using CLASSPATH: /usr/src/apache-tomcat-10.0.6/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/src/apache-tomcat-10.0.6/bin/tomcat-juli.jar Using CATALINA_OPTS: Tomcat started. [root@tomcat apache-tomcat-10.0.6]# ss -antl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:10050 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:* LISTEN 0 100 [::1]:25 [::]:* LISTEN 0 1 [::ffff:127.0.0.1]:8005 *:* LISTEN 0 100 *:8080 *:* [root@tomcat apache-tomcat-10.0.6]# systemctl stop firewalld [root@tomcat apache-tomcat-10.0.6]# setenforce 0
//写一个hello world的java页面 [root@tomcat apache-tomcat-10.0.6]# mkdir /usr/src/apache-tomcat-10.0.6/webapps/test [root@tomcat apache-tomcat-10.0.6]# cat > /usr/src/apache-tomcat-10.0.6/webapps/test/index.jsp <<EOF > <html> > <head> > <title>test page</title> > </head> > <body> > <% > out.println("Hellow World"); > %> > </body> > </html> > EOF
//shutdown.sh、startup.sh、catalina.sh这三个脚本就是用来控制启动，关闭tomcat的 [root@tomcat apache-tomcat-10.0.6]# ls bin/ bootstrap.jar configtest.bat migrate.sh tomcat-native.tar.gz catalina.bat configtest.sh setclasspath.bat tool-wrapper.bat catalina.sh daemon.sh setclasspath.sh tool-wrapper.sh catalina-tasks.xml digest.bat shutdown.bat version.bat ciphers.bat digest.sh shutdown.sh version.sh ciphers.sh makebase.bat startup.bat commons-daemon.jar makebase.sh startup.sh commons-daemon-native.tar.gz migrate.bat tomcat-juli.jar [root@tomcat apache-tomcat-10.0.6]# bin/c catalina.sh ciphers.sh configtest.sh [root@tomcat apache-tomcat-10.0.6]# bin/catalina.sh stop Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/src/apache-tomcat-10.0.6 Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/src/apache-tomcat-10.0.6 Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/src/apache-tomcat-10.0.6/temp Using JRE_HOME: /usr Using CLASSPATH: /usr/src/apache-tomcat-10.0.6/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/src/apache-tomcat-10.0.6/bin/tomcat-juli.jar Using CATALINA_OPTS: [root@tomcat apache-tomcat-10.0.6]# ss -antl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:10050 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:* LISTEN 0 100 [::1]:25 [::]:* [root@tomcat apache-tomcat-10.0.6]# bin/catalina.sh start Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/src/apache-tomcat-10.0.6 Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/src/apache-tomcat-10.0.6 Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/src/apache-tomcat-10.0.6/temp Using JRE_HOME: /usr Using CLASSPATH: /usr/src/apache-tomcat-10.0.6/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/src/apache-tomcat-10.0.6/bin/tomcat-juli.jar Using CATALINA_OPTS: Tomcat started. [root@tomcat apache-tomcat-10.0.6]# ss -antl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:10050 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:* LISTEN 0 100 [::1]:25 [::]:* LISTEN 0 1 [::ffff:127.0.0.1]:8005 *:* LISTEN 0 100 *:8080 *:* [root@tomcat apache-tomcat-10.0.6]# bin/shutdown.sh Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/src/apache-tomcat-10.0.6 Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/src/apache-tomcat-10.0.6 Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/src/apache-tomcat-10.0.6/temp Using JRE_HOME: /usr Using CLASSPATH: /usr/src/apache-tomcat-10.0.6/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/src/apache-tomcat-10.0.6/bin/tomcat-juli.jar Using CATALINA_OPTS: [root@tomcat apache-tomcat-10.0.6]# ss -antl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:10050 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:* LISTEN 0 100 [::1]:25 [::]:* [root@tomcat apache-tomcat-10.0.6]# bin/startup.sh Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/src/apache-tomcat-10.0.6 Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/src/apache-tomcat-10.0.6 Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/src/apache-tomcat-10.0.6/temp Using JRE_HOME: /usr Using CLASSPATH: /usr/src/apache-tomcat-10.0.6/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/src/apache-tomcat-10.0.6/bin/tomcat-juli.jar Using CATALINA_OPTS: Tomcat started. [root@tomcat apache-tomcat-10.0.6]# ss -antl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:10050 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:* LISTEN 0 100 [::1]:25 [::]:* LISTEN 0 100 *:8080 *:*
| 目录 | 含义 |
|---|---|
| conf/ | tomcat配置文件 |
| .. | server.xml 主配置文件 |
| .. | web.xml 补充额外功能 |
| .. | tomcat-user.xml tomcat管理端配置文件 用户名 密码 |
| logs | 日志 |
| .. | catalina.out tomcat最全日志 查看error startup时间 |
| .. | catalina.data.log catalina.out切割日志 |
| .. | localhost_access_log_data.txt tomcat访问日志 |
| webapps | tomcat站点目录 |
开启管理端
//在文件尾部加上 [root@tomcat apache-tomcat-10.0.6]# vim conf/tomcat-users.xml --> <role rolename="manager-gui"/> <role rolename="admin-gui"/> <user username="tomcat" password="123456" roles="manager-gui,admin-gui"/>
解除本地限制
[root@tomcat apache-tomcat-10.0.6]# find -type f -name "*.xml" | xargs grep ‘127‘ ./webapps/host-manager/META-INF/context.xml: allow="127\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+|::1|0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1" /> ./webapps/host-manager/WEB-INF/manager.xml: allow="127\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+|::1|0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1" /> ./webapps/manager/META-INF/context.xml: allow="127\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+|::1|0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1" /> [root@tomcat apache-tomcat-10.0.6]# sed -i.bak ‘s#127#\\d+#g‘ ./webapps/host-manager/META-INF/context.xml ./webapps/manager/META-INF/context.xml [root@tomcat apache-tomcat-10.0.6]# bin/catalina.sh stop Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/src/apache-tomcat-10.0.6 Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/src/apache-tomcat-10.0.6 Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/src/apache-tomcat-10.0.6/temp Using JRE_HOME: /usr Using CLASSPATH: /usr/src/apache-tomcat-10.0.6/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/src/apache-tomcat-10.0.6/bin/tomcat-juli.jar Using CATALINA_OPTS: [root@tomcat apache-tomcat-10.0.6]# bin/catalina.sh start Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/src/apache-tomcat-10.0.6 Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/src/apache-tomcat-10.0.6 Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/src/apache-tomcat-10.0.6/temp Using JRE_HOME: /usr Using CLASSPATH: /usr/src/apache-tomcat-10.0.6/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/src/apache-tomcat-10.0.6/bin/tomcat-juli.jar Using CATALINA_OPTS: Tomcat started.
原文：https://www.cnblogs.com/cbcbage/p/14765687.html