nginx 反向代理

时间：2021-05-17 00:30:12 阅读：20 评论：0 收藏：0 [点我收藏+]

要配置nginx反向代理，首先要了解什么是反向代理。

反向代理服务器架设在服务器端，通过缓冲经常被请求的页面来缓解服务器的工作量，将客户端请求转发给内部网络上的目标服务器，并可以将请求服务器所返回的结构返回给客户端。代理服务器和目标主机一起对外表现为一个服务器。

反向的代理有两个重要的作用：

1，web网站使用反向代理除了可以防止外网对内网服务器的恶性攻击，缓存以减少服务器的压力和访问安全控制

2，进行负载均衡，将用户请求分配给多个服务器。

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不多说了，直接上代码，新建一个webapi服务端项目：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;

namespace Demo
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 用户模型。
    /// </summary>
    public class User
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 获取或者设置用户主键。
        /// </summary>
        public int ID { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 获取或者设置用户姓名。
        /// </summary>
        public string Name { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 获取或者设置用户账号名称。
        /// </summary>
        public string Account { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 获取或者设置用户密码。
        /// </summary>
        public string Password { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 获取或者设置用户的电子邮箱地址。
        /// </summary>
        public string Email { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 获取或者设置用户角色。
        /// </summary>
        public string Role { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 获取或者设置用户的登录时间。
        /// </summary>
        public DateTime LoginTime { get; set; }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;

namespace Demo
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 用户服务的接口定义。
    /// </summary>
    public interface IUserService
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 查找指定主键的用户实例对象。
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="id">用户的主键。</param>
        /// <returns>返回查找到的用户实例对象。</returns>
        User FindUser(int id);

        /// <summary>
        /// 获取所有用户的实例集合。
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>返回所有的用户实例。</returns>
        IEnumerable<User> UserAll();
    }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace Demo
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 实现用户服务接口的实现类型。
    /// </summary>
    public class UserService : IUserService
    {
        private IList<User> dataList;

        /// <summary>
        /// 初始化类型的实例
        /// </summary>
        public UserService()
        {
            dataList = new List<User>()
             { 
             new User {ID=1,Name="张三",Account="5435435345",Password="4535435435",Email="4535345345", Role="Admin", LoginTime=DateTime.Now},
             new User {ID=2,Name="李四",Account="5435435345",Password="5435345345",Email="543534535", Role="Admin", LoginTime=DateTime.Now.AddDays(-5) },
             new User { ID = 3, Name = "王二", Account = "45354", Password = "3245345", Email = "54353455", Role = "Admin", LoginTime = DateTime.Now.AddDays(-30) },
             new User { ID = 4, Name = "麻子", Account = "45354", Password = "4534535", Email = "453534534", Role = "Admin", LoginTime = DateTime.Now.AddDays(-90) },
             new User { ID = 5, Name = "陈五", Account = "54353", Password = "5435345", Email = "5435345345", Role = "Admin", LoginTime = DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(-50) }
             };
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 查找指定主键的用户实例对象。
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="id">用户的主键。</param>
        /// <returns>返回查找到的用户实例对象。</returns>
        public User FindUser(int id)
        {
            return dataList.FirstOrDefault(user => user.ID == id);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 获取所有用户的实例集合。
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>返回所有的用户实例。</returns>
        public IEnumerable<User> UserAll()
        {
            return dataList;
        }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Demo;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;

namespace NginxAPIDemo.Controllers
{
   /// <summary>
      /// 用户的 API 类型。
      /// </summary>
      [Route("api/[controller]")]
      [ApiController]
    public class ValuesController : ControllerBase
    {
        #region 私有字段
 
         private readonly ILogger<ValuesController> _logger;
         private readonly IUserService _userService;
         private IConfiguration _configuration;
 
         #endregion
 
         #region 构造函数
 
         /// <summary>
         /// 初始化该类型的新实例。
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="logger">日志记录器。</param>
         /// <param name="userService">用户服务接口。</param>
         /// <param name="configuration">配置服务。</param>
         public ValuesController(ILogger<ValuesController> logger, IUserService userService, IConfiguration configuration)
         {
             _logger = logger;
             _userService = userService;
             _configuration = configuration;
         }
 
         #endregion
 
         #region 实例方法
 
         /// <summary>
         /// 获取一条记录
         /// </summary>
        /// <param name="id"></param>
         /// <returns></returns>
        [HttpGet]
         [Route("Get")]
         public User Get(int id)
         {
             return _userService.FindUser(id);
         }

         /// <summary>
         /// 获取所有记录。
         /// </summary>
         /// <returns></returns>
[HttpGet]
[Route("All")]
         //[Authorize]
         public IEnumerable<User> Get()
         {
                 Console.WriteLine($"This is UsersController {this._configuration["port"]} Invoke");
    
            return this._userService.UserAll().Select((user => new User
             {
                        ID = user.ID,
                 Name = user.Name,
                 Account = user.Account,
                 Password = user.Password,
                 Email = user.Email,
                 Role = $"{this._configuration["ip"]}：{this._configuration["port"]}",
                 LoginTime = user.LoginTime
             })); ;
             }

         /// <summary>
         /// 超时处理
        /// </summary>
         /// <returns></returns>
       [HttpGet]
       [Route("Timeout")]
         public IEnumerable<User> Timeout()
        {
                 Console.WriteLine($"This is Timeout Start");
                 //超时设置。
             Thread.Sleep(3000);
    
             Console.WriteLine($"This is Timeout End");
    
             return this._userService.UserAll().Select((user => new User
             {
                         ID = user.ID,
                 Name = user.Name,
                 Account = user.Account,
                 Password = user.Password,
                 Email = user.Email,
                 Role = $"{this._configuration["ip"]}：{this._configuration["port"]}",
                LoginTime = user.LoginTime
             })); ;
             }


#endregion
    }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;

namespace NginxAPIDemo
{
    public class Program
    {
        public static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            new ConfigurationBuilder()
 .SetBasePath(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory())
 .AddCommandLine(args)//支持命令行
 .Build();

            CreateWebHostBuilder(args).Build().Run();
        }

        public static IWebHostBuilder CreateWebHostBuilder(string[] args) =>
            WebHost.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)
                .UseStartup<Startup>();
    }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Demo;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.HttpsPolicy;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;
using NginxDemo;

namespace NginxAPIDemo
{
    public class Startup
    {
        public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)
        {
            Configuration = configuration;
        }

        public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }

        // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
           
            services.AddSingleton<IUserService, UserService>();
            services.AddMvc().SetCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_2);
        }

        // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
        public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
        {
            if (env.IsDevelopment())
            {
                app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
            }
            else
            {
                // The default HSTS value is 30 days. You may want to change this for production scenarios, see https://aka.ms/aspnetcore-hsts.
                app.UseHsts();
            }

            app.UseHttpsRedirection();
            app.UseMvc();
           
           
        }
    }
}

重新编译一下项目，然后模拟4个不同的api服务端，端口分别定位3100，3200,3300

找到项目实例的根目录，启动项目实例，然后定义api端口。

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dotnet NginxAPIDemo.dll --urls="http://*:3100" --ip="127.0.0.1" --port=3100

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通过api接口获取数据：http://localhost:3100/api/values/all

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定义api接口端口3200：dotnet NginxAPIDemo.dll --urls="http://*:3200" --ip="127.0.0.1" --port=3200

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通过api接口获取数据：http://localhost:3200/api/values/all

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api端口3300,3400同上一样就行了。

这样服务端实例已经配置好了，下面需要下载nginx，官网: http://nginx.org/en/download.html

下载红色框内的版本，比较稳定。

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下载后，解压：

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配置conf文件：

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打开文件配置如下：

upstream MicroService{
          server localhost:3100;
          server localhost:3200;
          server localhost:3300;
          server localhost:3400;
   }

  server {
         listen       8080;
         server_name  localhost;
 
          location / {
              proxy_pass http://MicroService;
          }
  }

然后启动nginx，启动命令 start nginx

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