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OSPF-三张表+路由器角色+router-id

时间:2021-05-30 00:26:33      阅读:12      评论:0      收藏:0      [点我收藏+]

验证理论:

1.剖析OSPF的三张表:邻居表,拓扑表,路由表

  dis ospf peer brief

  dis ospf lsdb

  dis ip routing-table protocol ospf

 

2.查看OSPF路由器的角色

  dis ospf abr-asbr

 

3.OSPFrouter id选举机制

  1.手动指定

  2.选择loopback接口(选择较大IP,是否在OSPF进程中并不重要)

  3.选择物理接口(选择较大IP,是否在OSPF进程中并不重要)

  *123规则,先配置会优先生效

  *router-id选举机制不具有抢占性。修改router-id如果要生效的话需要重启进程生效reset ospf process

  *查看router-id命令:dis ospf peer brief

 

 

 实验拓扑:

 技术分享图片

 

 

 初始配置:

  *说明,为方便后面验证router-id,AR123都是先在互联接口上使能OSPF

[AR3]ip route-static 150.1.4.4 32 155.1.34.4

[AR3-ospf-1]import-route static 

[AR4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 155.1.34.3

初始结果:

[AR1]dis ip routing-table protocol ospf
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : OSPF
Destinations : 4 Routes : 4

OSPF routing table status : <Active>
Destinations : 4 Routes : 4

Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface

150.1.2.2/32 OSPF 10 1 D 155.1.12.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
150.1.3.3/32 OSPF 10 2 D 155.1.12.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
150.1.4.4/32 O_ASE 150 1 D 155.1.12.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
155.1.23.0/24 OSPF 10 2 D 155.1.12.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0

OSPF routing table status : <Inactive>
Destinations : 0 Routes : 0

 

 

一.

实验目的:

剖析OSPF三张表项

1.邻居表-dis ospf peer 

[AR3]dis ospf peer brief

OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 155.1.23.3
Peer Statistic Information
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Area Id    Interface      Neighbor id     State
0.0.0.0  GigabitEthernet0/0/1   155.1.12.2    Full
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

可查看信息:

1.该邻居是在本地的哪个OSPF进程内:OSPF Process 1

2.本路由器的router-id:Router ID 155.1.23.3

3.接口及邻居互联接口所属区域:Area Id 

4.本路由器用来和邻居建立关系的接口:Interface 

5.邻居的router-id: Neighbor id 

6.本路由器与邻居建立的关系当前的状态:State

 

扩展:dis ospf peer 

[AR3]dis ospf peer

OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 155.1.23.3
Neighbors

Area 0.0.0.0 interface 155.1.23.3(GigabitEthernet0/0/1)‘s neighbors
Router ID: 155.1.12.2 Address: 155.1.23.2
State: Full Mode:Nbr is Slave Priority: 1
DR: 155.1.23.3 BDR: 155.1.23.2 MTU: 0
Dead timer due in 31 sec
Retrans timer interval: 5
Neighbor is up for 00:05:00
Authentication Sequence: [ 0 ]

可查看信息:

1.该邻居是在本地的哪个OSPF进程内+本路由器的router-id:OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 155.1.23.3

2.接口及邻居互联接口所属区域+本路由器用来和邻居建立关系的接口地址和接口号:Area 0.0.0.0 interface 155.1.23.3(GigabitEthernet0/0/1)‘s neighbors

3.邻居router id+邻居与本路由器互联接口的IP地址:Router ID: 155.1.12.2 Address: 155.1.23.2

4.本路由器与邻居建立的关系当前的状态+主从选举结果

5.邻居状态(可能为down,attempt,init,two-way,exstart,exchange,loading,full)+邻居在进行DD报文选举过程中的主从状态,邻居的优先级:State: Full Mode:Nbr is Slave Priority: 1

6.指定路由器地址,备份路由器地址,邻居接口MTU的值:DR: 155.1.23.3 BDR: 155.1.23.2 MTU: 0

7.dead计时器在31s后到时:Dead timer due in 31 sec

8.重传LSA的时间间隔,单位为秒:Retrans timer interval: 5

9.距离邻居建立的时间:Neighbor is up for 00:05:00

10.认证序列号:Authentication Sequence: [ 0 ]

 

2.拓扑表

dis ospf lsdb

[AR1]dis ospf lsdb

OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 155.1.12.1
Link State Database

Area: 0.0.0.1
Type   LinkState ID    AdvRouter    Age   Len    Sequence    Metric
Router     155.1.12.2     155.1.12.2           982    48    80000005     1
Router     155.1.12.1     155.1.12.1      981    48   80000004      1
Network  155.1.12.2      155.1.12.2     982     32      80000001      0
Sum-Net 150.1.3.3     155.1.12.2     968     28    80000001      1
Sum-Net 155.1.23.0      155.1.12.2    1006    28    80000001      1
Sum-Asbr 155.1.34.3    155.1.12.2     68     28   80000001      1

AS External Database
Type LinkState ID AdvRouter Age Len Sequence Metric
External 150.1.4.4 155.1.34.3 1004 36 80000001 1

可查看信息:

1.该邻居是在本地的哪个OSPF进程内+本路由器的router-id:OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 155.1.12.1

2.显示LSDB信息的区域:Area: 0.0.0.1

3.LSA类型(Router/Network/Sum-Net/Sum-Asbr/NSSA/External/Opq-Link/Opq-Area/Opq-As):type

4.LSA报头中的链路状态ID:LinkState ID 

5.发布或产生LSA的设备:AdvRouter 

6.Lsa老化时间,Lsa大小,Lsa序列号:age ,length,sequence

7.度量值:Metric

 

3.路由表

dis ip routing-table  protocol ospf 

[AR1]dis ip routing-table protocol ospf
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : OSPF
Destinations : 4 Routes : 4

OSPF routing table status : <Active>
Destinations : 4 Routes : 4

Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface

150.1.2.2/32 OSPF 10 1 D 155.1.12.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
150.1.3.3/32 OSPF 10 2 D 155.1.12.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
150.1.4.4/32 O_ASE 150 1 D 155.1.12.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
155.1.23.0/24 OSPF 10 2 D 155.1.12.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0

OSPF routing table status : <Inactive>
Destinations : 0 Routes : 0

可查看信息:

proto为协议,ospf代表OSPF自己学到的,O-ASE代表外部引入的

 

 

二.

实验目的:

查看路由器角色

实验步骤:

dis ospf abr-asbr

[AR1]dis ospf abr-asbr

OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 155.1.12.1
Routing Table to ABR and ASBR

RtType    Destination    Area    Cost   Nexthop      Type
Intra-area   155.1.12.2    0.0.0.1    1    155.1.12.2    ABR
Inter-area   155.1.34.3    0.0.0.1    2    155.1.12.2   ASBR

可查看信息:
1.表示区域内路由器或者是区域间路由器:RtType

2.显示ABR或者ASBR的router-id: Destination 

3.本地区域号: Area 

4.从设备到达ABR或ASBR的开销: Cost 

5.发送报文到ABR或ASBR的下一跳IP地址:Nexthop

6.区域边界路由器(ABR)或自治系统边界路由器(ASBR):Type

 

 

三.

实验目的:

验证OSPF router-id选举机制

  1.手动指定

  2.选择loopback接口(选择较大IP,是否在OSPF进程中并不重要)

  3.选择物理接口(选择较大IP,是否在OSPF进程中并不重要)

  *123规则,先配置会优先生效

  *router-id选举机制不具有抢占性。修改router-id如果要生效的话需要重启进程生效reset ospf process

  *查看router-id命令:dis ospf peer brief

实验步骤:

第一步:因为是先在互联口上enable的ospf,所以现在OSPF的router id 都是互联口了

所以,先配先成为router-id

 

第二步:AR1重启OSPF进程

<AR1>reset ospf process 

[AR1]dis ospf peer brief

OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 155.1.12.1
Peer Statistic Information
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Area Id Interface Neighbor id State
0.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 155.1.12.2 Full
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

仍然是互联口router-id。保存配置后重启路由器,仍然是互联口router-id,动态选举未验证成功

此时手动指定router-id并重置路由进程

[AR3]ospf router-id 150.1.3.3

[AR3]dis ospf peer brief

OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 150.1.3.3

所以,手动指定优于动态选举

将lo  0口移出OSPF,查看OSPF的router id是否发生变化

[AR3-LoopBack0]undo ospf en a 0

[AR3]dis ospf peer brief

OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 150.1.3.3

所以,ospf的router id与接口是否在进程中并没有关系

将Lo 0 口地址删除并重启OSPF进程,查看OSPF的router id是否发生变化

[AR3-LoopBack0]undo ip add

[AR3]dis ospf peer brief

OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 150.1.3.3

所以,OSPF手动指定rouer id ,这个只是作为路由器标识,只要不重复,即使不存在于这个路由器上都没关系

 

OSPF-三张表+路由器角色+router-id

原文:https://www.cnblogs.com/xiaohuihui4956/p/14822227.html

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