1、创建一个react项目
npx create-react-app react-graphql --template typescript
2、根据文档在react中配置Graphql的环境,链接地址
安装依赖包
npm install @apollo/client graphql
在index.ts中配置连接graphql的后端地址
import { ApolloClient, InMemoryCache } from ‘@apollo/client‘; const client = new ApolloClient({ uri: ‘http://localhost:7001/graphql‘, cache: new InMemoryCache() });
在index.ts文件中将apollo与react相连接起来
import { ApolloProvider } from ‘@apollo/client/react‘; import React from ‘react‘; import ReactDOM from ‘react-dom‘; import App from ‘./App‘; import { ApolloClient, InMemoryCache } from ‘@apollo/client‘; import { ApolloProvider } from ‘@apollo/client/react‘; const client = new ApolloClient({ uri: ‘http://localhost:7001/graphql‘, // 在这里配置请求头了 headers: { token: storage.getItem(authToken), }, cache: new InMemoryCache() }); ReactDOM.render( <React.StrictMode> <ApolloProvider client={client}> <App /> </ApolloProvider> </React.StrictMode>, document.getElementById(‘root‘) );
运行项目看是否正常
3、测试是否可以查询数据出来
import React from ‘react‘; import { useQuery, gql } from ‘@apollo/client‘; const AccountListGql = gql` query AccountList { # 定义查询方法(浏览器上显示的) accountList { # 定义与后端对接的方法名 id username password } } `; export const Page1: React.FC = () => { const { loading, error, data } = useQuery(AccountListGql); console.log(loading); console.log(error); console.log(data); return <div>测试查询数据</div> }
1、简单的查询,上面使用useQuery就可以实现
2、需要传递参数的查询
import React from ‘react‘; import { gql, useQuery } from ‘@apollo/client‘; const AccountGql = gql` query Account($id: ID!) { account(id: $id) { id username password } } `; export const Page2: React.FC = () => { const { data } = useQuery(AccountGql, { variables: { id: 1 } }); console.log(data, ‘查询结果‘); return <div>根据条件来查询</div> }
3、点击按钮才触发请求
import React from ‘react‘ import { gql, useLazyQuery } from ‘@apollo/client‘; const AccountListGql = gql` query AccountList { # 定义查询方法(浏览器上显示的) accountList { # 定义与后端对接的方法名 id username password } } `; export const Page3: React.FC = () => { const [getAccount, { loading, data }] = useLazyQuery(AccountListGql); if (loading) return null; console.log(data, ‘请求回来的数据‘); return ( <div> 点击按钮请求数据 <button onClick={() => getAccount()}>点击按钮</button> </div> ) }
4、点击按钮触发,需要传递参数进去
const AccountGql = gql` query Account($id: ID!) { account(id: $id) { id username password } } `; export const Page3: React.FC = () => { const [getAccount, { loading: loading2, data: account }] = useLazyQuery(AccountGql); console.log(account, ‘根据条件返回的数据‘); return ( <div> 点击按钮请求数据 <button onClick={() => getAccount({variables: {id:2}})}>传递参数按钮</button> </div> ) }
5、关于更多的使用请参考文档文档地址
1、文档地址
2、添加数据的操作
import React from ‘react‘; import {gql, useMutation} from ‘@apollo/client‘; const AddAccountGql = gql` mutation AddAccount($username: String!, $password: String!) { createAccount(username: $username, password: $password) { code message } } `; export const Page4: React.FC = () => { const [addTodo, { data }] = useMutation(AddAccountGql); console.log(data, ‘创建结果‘); const addAccountHandle = () => { addTodo({ variables: { username: ‘王五‘, password: ‘123456‘, } }) }; return ( <div> <h3>添加数据</h3> <button onClick={addAccountHandle}>添加数据</button> </div> ) }
上面的配置仅仅的对于简单的业务可以满足,如果你要对文件的上传操作上面的配置是不行的,下面介绍在graphql中上传文件的方式
1、安装依赖包
npm install apollo-upload-client@14.1 npm install @types/apollo-upload-client -D
2、修改graphql的配置项,必须要这样配置
import { createUploadLink } from ‘apollo-upload-client‘; ... const client = new ApolloClient({ // uri: ‘http://localhost:7001/graphql‘, link: { uri: ‘http://localhost:7000/graphql‘, // 在这里配置请求头了 headers: { token: storage.getItem(authToken), }, }, cache: new InMemoryCache() });
3、在react中使用文件上传,这里使用自定义按钮来上传,因为html中自带的上传文件样式太丑了
import { useMutation, gql, useQuery } from ‘@apollo/client‘; // 上传文件的gql const fileUploadGql = gql` mutation FileUpload($file: Upload!) { fileUpload(file: $file) } `; // 省去100行代码 ... const [uploadFileApi, { data: uploadResult, error: uploadError }] = useMutation(fileUploadGql); ... // 省去100行代码 const uploadHandler = () => { const fileNode: HTMLElement = document.getElementById(‘file‘) as HTMLElement; fileNode.click(); fileNode.addEventListener<‘change‘>( ‘change‘, function ({ target: { validity, files: [file], }, }: // eslint-disable-next-line any) { setIsShowFile(false); validity.valid && uploadFileApi({ variables: { file } }); setTimeout(() => { setIsShowFile(true); }); } ); }; // 省去100行代码 {isShowFile && <input type="file" id="file" style={{ display: ‘none‘ }} />} {imgUrl && ( <img src={imgUrl} style={{ width: 100, height: 100, marginBottom: 10 }} /> )} <div> <Button type="primary" onClick={uploadHandler}>上传封面图</Button> </div>
一般我们使用restfull api的时候会对axios二次封装,在里面统一处理错误,比如token失效的时候你要重定向到登录页面,上面介绍的方法中我们仅仅是使用apollo打通了前后接口,数据能增删改查,也能上传文件了,如果你的业务中没有登录的限制这里也可以不用关心了。但是作为有追求的码农,总要彻底的掌握一门技术,下面介绍如何对apollo二次简单封装,来处理错误
1、在utils/initApollo.ts中对apollo简单的封装
import { ApolloClient, ApolloLink, from as fromLinks, InMemoryCache, NormalizedCacheObject, QueryOptions, WatchQueryOptions, } from ‘@apollo/client‘; import { onError } from ‘@apollo/client/link/error‘; import { createUploadLink } from ‘apollo-upload-client‘; import { authToken } from ‘src/config‘; import { storage } from ‘./storage‘; let apolloClient: ApolloClient<NormalizedCacheObject> | null = null; const defaultOptions = { watchQuery: { fetchPolicy: ‘no-cache‘, errorPolicy: ‘ignore‘, } as WatchQueryOptions, query: { fetchPolicy: ‘no-cache‘, errorPolicy: ‘all‘, } as QueryOptions, }; function create(): ApolloClient<NormalizedCacheObject> { const httpLink = createUploadLink({ uri: ‘http://localhost:7000/graphql‘, headers: { token: storage.getItem(authToken), }, }); const authMiddleware = new ApolloLink((operation, forward) => { const token = storage.getItem(authToken); if (token) { operation.setContext({ headers: { token, }, }); } return forward(operation); }); // 处理错误的时候 const errorLink = onError(({ graphQLErrors, networkError }) => { console.log(graphQLErrors, ‘错误‘); if (graphQLErrors) { graphQLErrors.map(({ message, locations, path }) => { // 根据错误处理业务,省去100行代码 console.log(`[GraphQL error]: Message: ${message}, Location: ${locations}, Path: ${path}`); return false; }); } if (networkError) { console.log(`[Network error]: ${networkError}`); } }); return new ApolloClient({ // errorLink 应在 httpLink 前 link: fromLinks([errorLink, authMiddleware, httpLink]), cache: new InMemoryCache(), defaultOptions, connectToDevTools: true, }); } export const initApollo = (): ApolloClient<NormalizedCacheObject> => { if (!apolloClient) { apolloClient = create(); } return apolloClient; };
2、在react的入口文件中使用
import { initApollo } from ‘./utils‘; const client = new ApolloClient(initApollo()); ReactDOM.render( <ApolloProvider client={client}> <Router /> </ApolloProvider>, document.getElementById(‘root‘) );
1、参考文档
2、安装依赖包
npm install --save graphql npm install --save-dev @graphql-codegen/cli
3、初始化,直接选择默认和Y就可以
npx graphql-codegen init
4、默认生成的codegen.yml文件修改如下
overwrite: true schema: "http://localhost:7000/graphql" # 根据自己后端服务器地址来写, # schema: "./schema.graphql" # 将后端的schema拷贝到前端项目中 documents: "src/**/*.graphql" # 表示会去查找graphql结尾的文件 generates: src/generated/graphql.ts: plugins: - "typescript" - "typescript-operations" - "typescript-react-apollo"
5、我们在src文件夹下创建一个graphql的文件夹,创建两个login.graphql和register.graphql文件
# login.graphql文件内容 query Login($username: String!, $password: String!) { # 定义查询方法(浏览器上显示的) login(data: { username: $username, password: $password }) { id username token } }
# register.graphql文件内容 mutation registerUser($username: String!, $password: String!, $confirmPassword: String!) { register(data: { username: $username, password: $password, confirmPassword: $confirmPassword }) }
6、运行安装依赖包
使用命令npx graphql-codegen init初始化的时候,并不会帮我们安装依赖包的,只是会添加依赖包到package.json中
7、运行命令生成对应的hooks,注意这个要看自己根据第三小点生成的命令来运行,或者自己配置的命令
npm run codegen
8、在生成的src/generated/graphql.ts文件中最底部可以查看到生成了登录和注册的hooks,因为我们只写了这两个接口的graphql文件
9、在App.tsx组件中调用
import React, { useEffect } from ‘react‘; import { useLoginLazyQuery, useRegisterUserMutation } from ‘./generated/graphql‘; function App(): React.ReactElement { const [loginApi, { data: loginResult }] = useLoginLazyQuery(); const [registerApi] = useRegisterUserMutation(); const loginHandler = () => { loginApi({ variables: { username: ‘admin‘, password: ‘123456‘ } }); }; const registerHandler = async () => { const result = await registerApi({ variables: { username: ‘test1‘, password: ‘123456‘, confirmPassword: ‘123456‘ } }); console.log(result, ‘注册结果‘); }; useEffect(() => { if (loginResult) { console.log(‘登录信息‘, loginResult); } }, [loginResult]); return ( <div className=‘App‘> <button onClick={loginHandler}>登录</button> <button onClick={registerHandler}>注册</button> </div> ); } export default App;
原文:https://blog.51cto.com/u_3409716/2952051