异常
又称为例外,差错,违例,对应java运行错误处理机制
*基本写法
try{
语句组
}catch(Exception ex){
异常处理语句组;
}
import java.io.*;
public class ExceptionForNum
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
try{
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(
new InputStreamReader( System.in ) );
System.out.print("Please input a number: ");
String s = in.readLine();
int n = Integer.parseInt( s );
}catch(IOException ex){
ex.printStackTrace();
}catch(NumberFormatException ex){
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
2.java中的异常处理
抛出异常 运行时系统在调用栈中查找 获取异常的代码
*抛出异常
throw 异常对象;
*捕获异常
try{
语句组
}catch(异常类名 异常形式参数名){
异常处理语句组;
}
catch(异常类名 异常形式参数名){
异常处理语句组;
}finally{
异常处理语句组;
} //catch语句可0至多个,可以没有finally语句
3.异常的分类
Throwable
*Error:JVM的错误 Exception:异常 //一般所说的异常,是指Exception及其子类
4.Exception类
*构造方法
public Exception();
public Exception(String message);
Exception(String message,Throwable cause);
*方法
getMessage() getCause() printStackTrace()
5.多异常处理
*子类异常要排在父类异常前面
*finally语句
无论是否异常都要执行,即使有break,return等语句,在编译时,finally部分代码生成了多遍
public class TestTryFinally {
public static String output = "";
public static void foo(int i) {
try {
if (i == 1) {
throw new Exception();
}
output += "1";
} catch(Exception e) {
output += "2";
return;
} finally {
output += "3";
}
output += "4";
}
public static void main(String args[]) {
//foo(0);
//System.out.print(output + " ");
foo(1);
System.out.println(output);
}
}
6受检的异常
*Exception分两种,RuntimeException及其子类,可不明确处理,否则,称为异常的处理
*受检的异常,要求明确进行语法处理,要么抛,要么捕
import java.io.*;
public class ExceptionTrowsToOther{
public static void main(String[] args){
try{
System.out.println("====Before====");
readFile();
System.out.println("====After====");
}catch(IOException e){ System.out.println(e); }
}
public static void readFile()throws IOException {
FileInputStream in=new FileInputStream("myfile.txt");
int b;
b = in.read();
while(b!= -1) {
System.out.print((char)b);
b = in.read();
}
in.close();
}
}
7.try(类名 变量名 = new 类型()){
...
}
自动添加finally{ 变量.close();},无论是否异常,都会执行
import java.io.*;
class TryWithResourcesTest {
public static void main(String ... args)
throws IOException
{
String path = "c:\\aaa.txt";
System.out.println( ReadOneLine1( path ) );
System.out.println( ReadOneLine2( path ) );
}
static String ReadOneLine1(String path){
BufferedReader br=null;
try {
br=new BufferedReader(new FileReader(path));
return br.readLine();
} catch(IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if(br!=null){
try{
br.close();
}catch(IOException ex){
}
}
}
return null;
}
static String ReadOneLine2(String path)
throws IOException
{
try(BufferedReader br= new BufferedReader(new FileReader(path))){
return br.readLine();
}
}
}
8.自定义异常类
创建用户自定义异常时,继承Exception类或者某个子Exception类,定义属性和方法,或重载父类的方法。
9.重抛异常及异常链接
将异常传给调用者,让调用者感到异常,在catch或者finally语句可采用三种方式
*将捕获的异常再次抛出:throw e;
*重新生成异常并抛出 throw new Exception("some message");
*重新生成并抛出一个新的异常,该异常包含了当前异常的信息
throw new Exception("some message",e);
可用e.getCause得到内部异常
public class ExceptionCause {
public static void main(String [] args) {
try
{
BankATM.GetBalanceInfo( 12345L);
}catch(Exception e) {
System.out.println("something wrong: " + e);
System.out.println("cause:" + e.getCause());
}
}
}
class DataHouse {
public static void FindData( long ID)
throws DataHouseException
{
if( ID>0 && ID<1000)
System.out.println( "id: " + ID );
else
throw new DataHouseException("cannot find the id");
}
}
class BankATM{
public static void GetBalanceInfo( long ID)
throws MyAppException
{
try
{
DataHouse.FindData(ID);
}catch (DataHouseException e) {
throw new MyAppException("invalid id",e);
}
}
}
class DataHouseException extends Exception {
public DataHouseException( String message ) {
super(message);
}
}
class MyAppException extends Exception {
public MyAppException (String message){
super (message);
}
public MyAppException (String message, Exception cause) {
super(message,cause);
}
}
学习JAVA第十六天
原文:https://www.cnblogs.com/wangao666/p/15159542.html