xrange：由函数xrange(n)/xrange(start, stop, step)创建，但不支持容器上的切片，连接，复制， in/not in 判断，min/max取值操作， xrange是
immutable sequence, xrange对象大小固定，与其代表范围大小无关，xrange主要用于循环，比range效率稍高，xrange上的操作只支持indexing, iteration, len
list：链表mutable, [a,b,c]，相当于其他语言中的数组链表集合体，因此也就部分LinkList和ArrayList
tuple: immutable list，非空tuple括号可有可无a,b,c 或(a,b,c) , empty tuple必须有括号(), single item tuple 逗号必不可少 a, 或(a,);不能对tuple的某个元素赋值，但tuple中的元素可以是mutable
set: mutable unordered hashtable, 支持数学操作并集合集等，因为无序，所以不支持indexing，slicing等顺序性操作 飞空{a,b,c} 空set()，支持issubset/union/intersection/difference
frozenset: immutable unordered hashtable
dict: hash_table, comma-separated list of key-value: {a:b,
c:d} , empty dic: dic()，主要有以下方法：
iter(d) is short for iterkeys()
get(key)/has_key(key)/pop(key)/popitem()
items(): return a copy of the dictionary‘s list of (key, value) pairs
keys(): return a list of keys
sorted(keys()): return a sorted list of keys
dictview: dict.viewkeys()/viewvalues()/viewitems() 返回，是dict的view，即dict变了，view也会变
Sequence主要操作就是增删改查，以下查操作优先级依次递增，s、t类型相同，n、i、j 是整形
|
Operation |
Result |
Notes |
|
x in s |
True if an item of s is equal to x, else False |
(1) |
|
x not in s |
False if an item of s is equal to x, else True |
(1) |
|
s + t |
the concatenation of s and t |
(6) |
|
s * n, n * s |
n shallow copies of s concatenated |
(2) |
|
s[i] |
ith item of s, origin 0 |
(3) |
|
s[i:j] |
slice of s from i to j |
(3)(4) |
|
s[i:j:k] |
slice of s from i to j with step k |
(3)(5) |
|
len(s) |
length of s |
|
|
min(s) |
smallest item of s |
|
|
max(s) |
largest item of s |
|
|
s.index(x) |
index of the first occurrence of x in s |
|
|
s.count(x) |
total number of occurrences of x in s |
|
容器之间也可以进行比较，依次比较容器中的每一个元素
如果s是str/unicode, in/not in 判断x是否是s的字串
n<0时s*n = s*0 返回类型与s相同的空容器
如果i/j < 0, s[i/j] 的位置为len(s) + i/j, 但s[0]=s[-0]
i,j都可以省略，省略i则i=0, 省略j 则j=len(s), 如果i/j>len(s), 则取len(s), 如果i>=j, 则slice返回空
Sequence按可变性又可分为mutable和immutable：
immutable sequence: string, xrange, tuple, 一旦创建，不能再改变
mutable sequence: bytearray, list 可以添加元素或改变某个位置的元素，可变容器支持以下操作
|
Operation |
Result |
Notes |
|
s[i] = x |
item i of s is replaced by x |
|
|
s[i:j] = t |
slice of s from i to j is replaced by the contents of the iterable t |
|
|
del s[i:j] |
same as s[i:j] = [] |
|
|
s[i:j:k] = t |
the elements of s[i:j:k] are replaced by those of t |
(1) |
|
del s[i:j:k] |
removes the elements of s[i:j:k] from the list |
|
|
s.append(x) |
same as s[len(s):len(s)] = [x] |
(2) |
|
s.extend(x) |
same as s[len(s):len(s)] = x |
(3) |
|
s.count(x) |
return number of i‘s for which s[i] == x |
|
|
s.index(x[, i[, j]]) |
return smallest k such that s[k] == x and i <= k < j |
(4) |
|
s.insert(i, x) |
same as s[i:i] = [x] |
(5) |
|
s.pop([i]) |
same as x = s[i]; del s[i]; return x |
(6) |
|
s.remove(x) |
same as del s[s.index(x)] |
(4) |
|
s.reverse() |
reverses the items of s in place |
(7) |
|
s.sort([cmp[, key[, reverse]]]) |
sort the items of s in place |
(7)(8)(9)(10) |
t的长度需与slice长度相等
x可以为任何iterable 类型
Sequence遍历：
for x in s:...
enumerate(): retrieve
the position index and corresponding value at the same time
zip(): loop over two or more sequences at the same time
iteritems(): retrieve the key and corresponding value at the same time while looping through dictionaries
遍历集合时若需对集合进行修改，最好遍历集合的副本，slice[:]很容易获取集合的copy
