在Android系统中，应用程序是由Launcher启动起来的，其实，Launcher本身也是一个应用程序，其它的应用程序安装后，Launcher的界面上就会出现一个相应的图标，点击这个图标时，Launcher就会对应的应用程序启动起来。
Launcher的源代码工程在packages/apps/Launcher2目录下，负责启动其它应用程序的源代码实现在src/com/android/launcher2/Launcher.java文件中：
/** * Default launcher application. */ public final class Launcher extends Activity implements View.OnClickListener, OnLongClickListener, LauncherModel.Callbacks, AllAppsView.Watcher { ...... /** * Launches the intent referred by the clicked shortcut. * * @param v The view representing the clicked shortcut. */ public void onClick(View v) { Object tag = v.getTag(); if (tag instanceof ShortcutInfo) { // Open shortcut final Intent intent = ((ShortcutInfo) tag).intent; int[] pos = new int[2]; v.getLocationOnScreen(pos); intent.setSourceBounds(new Rect(pos[0], pos[1], pos[0] + v.getWidth(), pos[1] + v.getHeight())); startActivitySafely(intent, tag); } else if (tag instanceof FolderInfo) { ...... } else if (v == mHandleView) { ...... } } void startActivitySafely(Intent intent, Object tag) { intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK); try { startActivity(intent); } catch (ActivityNotFoundException e) { ...... } catch (SecurityException e) { ...... } } ...... }
<activity android:name=".MainActivity"
android:label="@string/app_name">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
在Step 1中，我们看到，Launcher继承于Activity类，而Activity类实现了startActivity函数，因此，这里就调用了Activity.startActivity函数。
它实现在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/Activity.java文件中：
public class Activity extends ContextThemeWrapper implements LayoutInflater.Factory, Window.Callback, KeyEvent.Callback, OnCreateContextMenuListener, ComponentCallbacks { ...... @Override public void startActivity(Intent intent) { startActivityForResult(intent, -1); } ...... }
public class Activity extends ContextThemeWrapper implements LayoutInflater.Factory, Window.Callback, KeyEvent.Callback, OnCreateContextMenuListener, ComponentCallbacks { ...... public void startActivityForResult(Intent intent, int requestCode) { if (mParent == null) { Instrumentation.ActivityResult ar = mInstrumentation.execStartActivity( this, mMainThread.getApplicationThread(), mToken, this, intent, requestCode); ...... } else { ...... } ...... }
这里的mMainThread也是Activity类的成员变量，它的类型是ActivityThread，它代表的是应用程序的主线程。这里通过mMainThread.getApplicationThread获得它里面的ApplicationThread成员变量，它是一个Binder对象，后面会看到，ActivityManagerService会使用它来和ActivityThread来进行进程间通信。
这里我们需注意的是，这里的mMainThread代表的是Launcher应用程序运行的进程。
这里的mToken也是Activity类的成员变量，它是一个Binder对象的远程接口。
public class Instrumentation { ...... public ActivityResult execStartActivity( Context who, IBinder contextThread, IBinder token, Activity target, Intent intent, int requestCode) { IApplicationThread whoThread = (IApplicationThread) contextThread; if (mActivityMonitors != null) { ...... } try { int result = ActivityManagerNative.getDefault() .startActivity(whoThread, intent, intent.resolveTypeIfNeeded(who.getContentResolver()), null, 0, token, target != null ? target.mEmbeddedID : null, requestCode, false, false); ...... } catch (RemoteException e) { } return null; } ...... }
这里的ActivityManagerNative.getDefault返回ActivityManagerService的远程接口，即ActivityManagerProxy接口
class ActivityManagerProxy implements IActivityManager { ...... public int startActivity(IApplicationThread caller, Intent intent, String resolvedType, Uri[] grantedUriPermissions, int grantedMode, IBinder resultTo, String resultWho, int requestCode, boolean onlyIfNeeded, boolean debug) throws RemoteException { Parcel data = Parcel.obtain(); Parcel reply = Parcel.obtain(); data.writeInterfaceToken(IActivityManager.descriptor); data.writeStrongBinder(caller != null ? caller.asBinder() : null); intent.writeToParcel(data, 0); data.writeString(resolvedType); data.writeTypedArray(grantedUriPermissions, 0); data.writeInt(grantedMode); data.writeStrongBinder(resultTo); data.writeString(resultWho); data.writeInt(requestCode); data.writeInt(onlyIfNeeded ? 1 : 0); data.writeInt(debug ? 1 : 0); mRemote.transact(START_ACTIVITY_TRANSACTION, data, reply, 0); reply.readException(); int result = reply.readInt(); reply.recycle(); data.recycle(); return result; } ...... }
从上面的调用可以知道，这里的参数
public final class ActivityManagerService extends ActivityManagerNative implements Watchdog.Monitor, BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryCallback { ...... public final int startActivity(IApplicationThread caller, Intent intent, String resolvedType, Uri[] grantedUriPermissions, int grantedMode, IBinder resultTo, String resultWho, int requestCode, boolean onlyIfNeeded, boolean debug) { return mMainStack.startActivityMayWait(caller, intent, resolvedType, grantedUriPermissions, grantedMode, resultTo, resultWho, requestCode, onlyIfNeeded, debug, null, null); } ...... }
这里只是简单地将操作转发给成员变量mMainStack的startActivityMayWait函数。
这里的mMainStack的类型为ActivityStack。
public class ActivityStack { ...... final int startActivityMayWait(IApplicationThread caller, Intent intent, String resolvedType, Uri[] grantedUriPermissions, int grantedMode, IBinder resultTo, String resultWho, int requestCode, boolean onlyIfNeeded, boolean debug, WaitResult outResult, Configuration config) { ...... boolean componentSpecified = intent.getComponent() != null; // Don‘t modify the client‘s object! intent = new Intent(intent); // Collect information about the target of the Intent. ActivityInfo aInfo; try { ResolveInfo rInfo = AppGlobals.getPackageManager().resolveIntent( intent, resolvedType, PackageManager.MATCH_DEFAULT_ONLY | ActivityManagerService.STOCK_PM_FLAGS); aInfo = rInfo != null ? rInfo.activityInfo : null; } catch (RemoteException e) { ...... } if (aInfo != null) { // Store the found target back into the intent, because now that // we have it we never want to do this again. For example, if the // user navigates back to this point in the history, we should // always restart the exact same activity. intent.setComponent(new ComponentName( aInfo.applicationInfo.packageName, aInfo.name)); ...... } synchronized (mService) { int callingPid; int callingUid; if (caller == null) { ...... } else { callingPid = callingUid = -1; } mConfigWillChange = config != null && mService.mConfiguration.diff(config) != 0; ...... if (mMainStack && aInfo != null && (aInfo.applicationInfo.flags&ApplicationInfo.FLAG_CANT_SAVE_STATE) != 0) { ...... } int res = startActivityLocked(caller, intent, resolvedType, grantedUriPermissions, grantedMode, aInfo, resultTo, resultWho, requestCode, callingPid, callingUid, onlyIfNeeded, componentSpecified); if (mConfigWillChange && mMainStack) { ...... } ...... if (outResult != null) { ...... } return res; } } ...... }
注意，从Step 6传下来的参数outResult和config均为null
此外，表达式(aInfo.applicationInfo.flags&ApplicationInfo.FLAG_CANT_SAVE_STATE) != 0为false
下面语句对参数intent的内容进行解析，得到MainActivity的相关信息，保存在aInfo变量中：
ActivityInfo aInfo; try { ResolveInfo rInfo = AppGlobals.getPackageManager().resolveIntent( intent, resolvedType, PackageManager.MATCH_DEFAULT_ONLY | ActivityManagerService.STOCK_PM_FLAGS); aInfo = rInfo != null ? rInfo.activityInfo : null; } catch (RemoteException e) { ...... }
解析之后，得到的aInfo.applicationInfo.packageName和aInfo.name即为配置文件AndroidManifest.xml里面配置的参数。
此外，函数开始的地方调用intent.getComponent()函数的返回值不为null，因此，这里的componentSpecified变量为true。
接下去就调用startActivityLocked进一步处理了。
public class ActivityStack { ...... final int startActivityLocked(IApplicationThread caller, Intent intent, String resolvedType, Uri[] grantedUriPermissions, int grantedMode, ActivityInfo aInfo, IBinder resultTo, String resultWho, int requestCode, int callingPid, int callingUid, boolean onlyIfNeeded, boolean componentSpecified) { int err = START_SUCCESS; ProcessRecord callerApp = null; if (caller != null) { callerApp = mService.getRecordForAppLocked(caller); if (callerApp != null) { callingPid = callerApp.pid; callingUid = callerApp.info.uid; } else { ...... } } ...... ActivityRecord sourceRecord = null; ActivityRecord resultRecord = null; if (resultTo != null) { int index = indexOfTokenLocked(resultTo); ...... if (index >= 0) { sourceRecord = (ActivityRecord)mHistory.get(index); if (requestCode >= 0 && !sourceRecord.finishing) { ...... } } } int launchFlags = intent.getFlags(); if ((launchFlags&Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_FORWARD_RESULT) != 0 && sourceRecord != null) { ...... } if (err == START_SUCCESS && intent.getComponent() == null) { ...... } if (err == START_SUCCESS && aInfo == null) { ...... } if (err != START_SUCCESS) { ...... } ...... ActivityRecord r = new ActivityRecord(mService, this, callerApp, callingUid, intent, resolvedType, aInfo, mService.mConfiguration, resultRecord, resultWho, requestCode, componentSpecified); ...... return startActivityUncheckedLocked(r, sourceRecord, grantedUriPermissions, grantedMode, onlyIfNeeded, true); } ...... }
从传进来的参数caller得到调用者的进程信息，并保存在callerApp变量中，这里就是Launcher应用程序的进程信息了。
前面说过，参数resultTo是Launcher这个Activity里面的一个Binder对象，通过它可以获得Launcher这个Activity的相关信息，保存在sourceRecord变量中。
再接下来，创建即将要启动的Activity的相关信息，并保存在r变量中：
ActivityRecord r = new ActivityRecord(mService, this, callerApp, callingUid, intent, resolvedType, aInfo, mService.mConfiguration, resultRecord, resultWho, requestCode, componentSpecified);
接着调用startActivityUncheckedLocked函数进行下一步操作。
public class ActivityStack { ...... final int startActivityUncheckedLocked(ActivityRecord r, ActivityRecord sourceRecord, Uri[] grantedUriPermissions, int grantedMode, boolean onlyIfNeeded, boolean doResume) { final Intent intent = r.intent; final int callingUid = r.launchedFromUid; int launchFlags = intent.getFlags(); // We‘ll invoke onUserLeaving before onPause only if the launching // activity did not explicitly state that this is an automated launch. mUserLeaving = (launchFlags&Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NO_USER_ACTION) == 0; ...... ActivityRecord notTop = (launchFlags&Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_PREVIOUS_IS_TOP) != 0 ? r : null; // If the onlyIfNeeded flag is set, then we can do this if the activity // being launched is the same as the one making the call... or, as // a special case, if we do not know the caller then we count the // current top activity as the caller. if (onlyIfNeeded) { ...... } if (sourceRecord == null) { ...... } else if (sourceRecord.launchMode == ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_INSTANCE) { ...... } else if (r.launchMode == ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_INSTANCE || r.launchMode == ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_TASK) { ...... } if (r.resultTo != null && (launchFlags&Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK) != 0) { ...... } boolean addingToTask = false; if (((launchFlags&Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK) != 0 && (launchFlags&Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_MULTIPLE_TASK) == 0) || r.launchMode == ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_TASK || r.launchMode == ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_INSTANCE) { // If bring to front is requested, and no result is requested, and // we can find a task that was started with this same // component, then instead of launching bring that one to the front. if (r.resultTo == null) { // See if there is a task to bring to the front. If this is // a SINGLE_INSTANCE activity, there can be one and only one // instance of it in the history, and it is always in its own // unique task, so we do a special search. ActivityRecord taskTop = r.launchMode != ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_INSTANCE ? findTaskLocked(intent, r.info) : findActivityLocked(intent, r.info); if (taskTop != null) { ...... } } } ...... if (r.packageName != null) { // If the activity being launched is the same as the one currently // at the top, then we need to check if it should only be launched // once. ActivityRecord top = topRunningNonDelayedActivityLocked(notTop); if (top != null && r.resultTo == null) { if (top.realActivity.equals(r.realActivity)) { ...... } } } else { ...... } boolean newTask = false; // Should this be considered a new task? if (r.resultTo == null && !addingToTask && (launchFlags&Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK) != 0) { // todo: should do better management of integers. mService.mCurTask++; if (mService.mCurTask <= 0) { mService.mCurTask = 1; } r.task = new TaskRecord(mService.mCurTask, r.info, intent, (r.info.flags&ActivityInfo.FLAG_CLEAR_TASK_ON_LAUNCH) != 0); ...... newTask = true; if (mMainStack) { mService.addRecentTaskLocked(r.task); } } else if (sourceRecord != null) { ...... } else { ...... } ...... startActivityLocked(r, newTask, doResume); return START_SUCCESS; } ...... }
函数首先获得intent的标志值，保存在launchFlags变量中。
这个intent的标志值的位Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NO_USER_ACTION没有置位，因此 ，成员变量mUserLeaving的值为true。
这个intent的标志值的位Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_PREVIOUS_IS_TOP也没有置位，因此，变量notTop的值为null。
传进来的参数r.resultTo为null，表示Launcher不需要等这个即将要启动的MainActivity的执行结果。
由于这个intent的标志值的位Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK被置位，而且Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_MULTIPLE_TASK没有置位，因此，下面的if语句会被执行：
if (((launchFlags&Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK) != 0 && (launchFlags&Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_MULTIPLE_TASK) == 0) || r.launchMode == ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_TASK || r.launchMode == ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_INSTANCE) { // If bring to front is requested, and no result is requested, and // we can find a task that was started with this same // component, then instead of launching bring that one to the front. if (r.resultTo == null) { // See if there is a task to bring to the front. If this is // a SINGLE_INSTANCE activity, there can be one and only one // instance of it in the history, and it is always in its own // unique task, so we do a special search. ActivityRecord taskTop = r.launchMode != ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_INSTANCE ? findTaskLocked(intent, r.info) : findActivityLocked(intent, r.info); if (taskTop != null) { ...... } } }
这段代码的逻辑是：
查看一下，当前有没有Task可以用来执行这个Activity。由于r.launchMode的值不为ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_INSTANCE，因此，它通过findTaskLocked函数来查找存不存这样的Task，这里返回的结果是null，即taskTop为null，因此，需要创建一个新的Task来启动这个Activity。
接着往下看：
if (r.packageName != null) { // If the activity being launched is the same as the one currently // at the top, then we need to check if it should only be launched // once. ActivityRecord top = topRunningNonDelayedActivityLocked(notTop); if (top != null && r.resultTo == null) { if (top.realActivity.equals(r.realActivity)) { ...... } } }
这段代码的逻辑是：
看一下当前在堆栈顶端的Activity是否就是即将要启动的Activity，有些情况下，如果即将要启动的Activity就在堆栈的顶端，那么，就不会重新启动这个Activity的别一个实例了。
现在处理堆栈顶端的Activity是Launcher，与我们即将要启动的MainActivity不是同一个Activity，因此，这里不用进一步处理上述介绍的情况。
执行到这里，我们知道，要在一个新的Task里面来启动这个Activity了，于是新创建一个Task：
if (r.resultTo == null && !addingToTask && (launchFlags&Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK) != 0) { // todo: should do better management of integers. mService.mCurTask++; if (mService.mCurTask <= 0) { mService.mCurTask = 1; } r.task = new TaskRecord(mService.mCurTask, r.info, intent, (r.info.flags&ActivityInfo.FLAG_CLEAR_TASK_ON_LAUNCH) != 0); ...... newTask = true; if (mMainStack) { mService.addRecentTaskLocked(r.task); } }
新建的Task保存在r.task域中，同时，添加到mService中去，这里的mService就是ActivityManagerService了。
最后就进入startActivityLocked(r, newTask, doResume)进一步处理了。这个函数定义在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityStack.java文件中：
public class ActivityStack { ...... private final void startActivityLocked(ActivityRecord r, boolean newTask, boolean doResume) { final int NH = mHistory.size(); int addPos = -1; if (!newTask) { ...... } // Place a new activity at top of stack, so it is next to interact // with the user. if (addPos < 0) { addPos = NH; } // If we are not placing the new activity frontmost, we do not want // to deliver the onUserLeaving callback to the actual frontmost // activity if (addPos < NH) { ...... } // Slot the activity into the history stack and proceed mHistory.add(addPos, r); r.inHistory = true; r.frontOfTask = newTask; r.task.numActivities++; if (NH > 0) { // We want to show the starting preview window if we are // switching to a new task, or the next activity‘s process is // not currently running. ...... } else { // If this is the first activity, don‘t do any fancy animations, // because there is nothing for it to animate on top of. ...... } ...... if (doResume) { resumeTopActivityLocked(null); } } ...... }
这里传进来的参数doResume为true，于是调用resumeTopActivityLocked进一步操作。
public class ActivityStack { ...... /** * Ensure that the top activity in the stack is resumed. * * @param prev The previously resumed activity, for when in the process * of pausing; can be null to call from elsewhere. * * @return Returns true if something is being resumed, or false if * nothing happened. */ final boolean resumeTopActivityLocked(ActivityRecord prev) { // Find the first activity that is not finishing. ActivityRecord next = topRunningActivityLocked(null); // Remember how we‘ll process this pause/resume situation, and ensure // that the state is reset however we wind up proceeding. final boolean userLeaving = mUserLeaving; mUserLeaving = false; if (next == null) { ...... } next.delayedResume = false; // If the top activity is the resumed one, nothing to do. if (mResumedActivity == next && next.state == ActivityState.RESUMED) { ...... } // If we are sleeping, and there is no resumed activity, and the top // activity is paused, well that is the state we want. if ((mService.mSleeping || mService.mShuttingDown) && mLastPausedActivity == next && next.state == ActivityState.PAUSED) { ...... } ...... // If we are currently pausing an activity, then don‘t do anything // until that is done. if (mPausingActivity != null) { ...... } ...... // We need to start pausing the current activity so the top one // can be resumed... if (mResumedActivity != null) { ...... startPausingLocked(userLeaving, false); return true; } ...... } ...... }
函数先通过调用topRunningActivityLocked函数获得堆栈顶端的Activity，这里就是MainActivity了，这是在上面的Step 9设置好的，保存在next变量中。
接下来把mUserLeaving的保存在本地变量userLeaving中，然后重新设置为false，在上面的Step 9中，mUserLeaving的值为true，因此，这里的userLeaving为true。
这里的mResumedActivity为Launcher，因为Launcher是当前正被执行的Activity。
当我们处理休眠状态时，mLastPausedActivity保存堆栈顶端的Activity，因为当前不是休眠状态，所以mLastPausedActivity为null。
有了这些信息之后，下面的语句就容易理解了：
// If the top activity is the resumed one, nothing to do. if (mResumedActivity == next && next.state == ActivityState.RESUMED) { ...... } // If we are sleeping, and there is no resumed activity, and the top // activity is paused, well that is the state we want. if ((mService.mSleeping || mService.mShuttingDown) && mLastPausedActivity == next && next.state == ActivityState.PAUSED) { ...... }
它首先看要启动的Activity是否就是当前处理Resumed状态的Activity，如果是的话，那就什么都不用做，直接返回就可以了；否则再看一下系统当前是否休眠状态，如果是的话，再看看要启动的Activity是否就是当前处于堆栈顶端的Activity，如果是的话，也是什么都不用做。
上面两个条件都不满足，因此，在继续往下执行之前，首先要把当处于Resumed状态的Activity推入Paused状态，然后才可以启动新的Activity。但是在将当前这个Resumed状态的Activity推入Paused状态之前，首先要看一下当前是否有Activity正在进入Pausing状态，如果有的话，当前这个Resumed状态的Activity就要稍后才能进入Paused状态了，这样就保证了所有需要进入Paused状态的Activity串行处理。
这里没有处于Pausing状态的Activity，即mPausingActivity为null，而且mResumedActivity也不为null，于是就调用startPausingLocked函数把Launcher推入Paused状态去了。
public class ActivityStack { ...... private final void startPausingLocked(boolean userLeaving, boolean uiSleeping) { if (mPausingActivity != null) { ...... } ActivityRecord prev = mResumedActivity; if (prev == null) { ...... } ...... mResumedActivity = null; mPausingActivity = prev; mLastPausedActivity = prev; prev.state = ActivityState.PAUSING; ...... if (prev.app != null && prev.app.thread != null) { ...... try { ...... prev.app.thread.schedulePauseActivity(prev, prev.finishing, userLeaving, prev.configChangeFlags); ...... } catch (Exception e) { ...... } } else { ...... } ...... } ...... }
函数首先把mResumedActivity保存在本地变量prev中。在上一步Step 10中，说到mResumedActivity就是Launcher，因此，这里把Launcher进程中的ApplicationThread对象取出来，通过它来通知Launcher这个Activity它要进入Paused状态了。当然，这里的prev.app.thread是一个ApplicationThread对象的远程接口，通过调用这个远程接口的schedulePauseActivity来通知Launcher进入Paused状态。
参数prev.finishing表示prev所代表的Activity是否正在等待结束的Activity列表中，由于Laucher这个Activity还没结束，所以这里为false；参数prev.configChangeFlags表示哪些config发生了变化，这里我们不关心它的值。
class ApplicationThreadProxy implements IApplicationThread { ...... public final void schedulePauseActivity(IBinder token, boolean finished, boolean userLeaving, int configChanges) throws RemoteException { Parcel data = Parcel.obtain(); data.writeInterfaceToken(IApplicationThread.descriptor); data.writeStrongBinder(token); data.writeInt(finished ? 1 : 0); data.writeInt(userLeaving ? 1 :0); data.writeInt(configChanges); mRemote.transact(SCHEDULE_PAUSE_ACTIVITY_TRANSACTION, data, null, IBinder.FLAG_ONEWAY); data.recycle(); } ...... }
这个函数通过Binder进程间通信机制进入到ApplicationThread.schedulePauseActivity函数中。
public final class ActivityThread { ...... private final class ApplicationThread extends ApplicationThreadNative { ...... public final void schedulePauseActivity(IBinder token, boolean finished, boolean userLeaving, int configChanges) { queueOrSendMessage( finished ? H.PAUSE_ACTIVITY_FINISHING : H.PAUSE_ACTIVITY, token, (userLeaving ? 1 : 0), configChanges); } ...... } ...... }
这里调用的函数queueOrSendMessage是ActivityThread类的成员函数。
上面说到，这里的finished值为false，因此，queueOrSendMessage的第一个参数值为H.PAUSE_ACTIVITY，表示要暂停token所代表的Activity，即Launcher。
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java文件中：
public final class ActivityThread { ...... private final void queueOrSendMessage(int what, Object obj, int arg1) { queueOrSendMessage(what, obj, arg1, 0); } private final void queueOrSendMessage(int what, Object obj, int arg1, int arg2) { synchronized (this) { ...... Message msg = Message.obtain(); msg.what = what; msg.obj = obj; msg.arg1 = arg1; msg.arg2 = arg2; mH.sendMessage(msg); } } ...... }
这里首先将相关信息组装成一个msg，然后通过mH成员变量发送出去，mH的类型是H，继承于Handler类，是ActivityThread的内部类，因此，这个消息最后由H.handleMessage来处理。
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java文件中：
public final class ActivityThread { ...... private final class H extends Handler { ...... public void handleMessage(Message msg) { ...... switch (msg.what) { ...... case PAUSE_ACTIVITY: handlePauseActivity((IBinder)msg.obj, false, msg.arg1 != 0, msg.arg2); maybeSnapshot(); break; ...... } ...... } ...... }
这里调用ActivityThread.handlePauseActivity进一步操作，msg.obj是一个ActivityRecord对象的引用，它代表的是Launcher这个Activity。
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java文件中：
public final class ActivityThread { ...... private final void handlePauseActivity(IBinder token, boolean finished, boolean userLeaving, int configChanges) { ActivityClientRecord r = mActivities.get(token); if (r != null) { //Slog.v(TAG, "userLeaving=" + userLeaving + " handling pause of " + r); if (userLeaving) { performUserLeavingActivity(r); } r.activity.mConfigChangeFlags |= configChanges; Bundle state = performPauseActivity(token, finished, true); // Make sure any pending writes are now committed. QueuedWork.waitToFinish(); // Tell the activity manager we have paused. try { ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().activityPaused(token, state); } catch (RemoteException ex) { } } } ...... }
函数首先将Binder引用token转换成ActivityRecord的远程接口ActivityClientRecord，然后做了三个事情：
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityManagerNative.java文件中：
class ActivityManagerProxy implements IActivityManager { ...... public void activityPaused(IBinder token, Bundle state) throws RemoteException { Parcel data = Parcel.obtain(); Parcel reply = Parcel.obtain(); data.writeInterfaceToken(IActivityManager.descriptor); data.writeStrongBinder(token); data.writeBundle(state); mRemote.transact(ACTIVITY_PAUSED_TRANSACTION, data, reply, 0); reply.readException(); data.recycle(); reply.recycle(); } ...... }
这里通过Binder进程间通信机制就进入到ActivityManagerService.activityPaused函数中去了。
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java文件中：
public final class ActivityManagerService extends ActivityManagerNative implements Watchdog.Monitor, BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryCallback { ...... public final void activityPaused(IBinder token, Bundle icicle) { ...... final long origId = Binder.clearCallingIdentity(); mMainStack.activityPaused(token, icicle, false); ...... } ...... }
这里，又再次进入到ActivityStack类中，执行activityPaused函数。
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityStack.java文件中：
public class ActivityStack { ...... final void activityPaused(IBinder token, Bundle icicle, boolean timeout) { ...... ActivityRecord r = null; synchronized (mService) { int index = indexOfTokenLocked(token); if (index >= 0) { r = (ActivityRecord)mHistory.get(index); if (!timeout) { r.icicle = icicle; r.haveState = true; } mHandler.removeMessages(PAUSE_TIMEOUT_MSG, r); if (mPausingActivity == r) { r.state = ActivityState.PAUSED; completePauseLocked(); } else { ...... } } } } ...... }
这里通过参数token在mHistory列表中得到ActivityRecord，从上面我们知道，这个ActivityRecord代表的是Launcher这个Activity，而我们在Step 11中，把Launcher这个Activity的信息保存在mPausingActivity中，因此，这里mPausingActivity等于r，于是，执行completePauseLocked操作。
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityStack.java文件中：
public class ActivityStack { ...... private final void completePauseLocked() { ActivityRecord prev = mPausingActivity; ...... if (prev != null) { ...... mPausingActivity = null; } if (!mService.mSleeping && !mService.mShuttingDown) { resumeTopActivityLocked(prev); } else { ...... } ...... } ...... }
函数首先把mPausingActivity变量清空，因为现在不需要它了，然后调用resumeTopActivityLokced进一步操作，它传入的参数即为代表Launcher这个Activity的ActivityRecord。
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityStack.java文件中：
public class ActivityStack { ...... final boolean resumeTopActivityLocked(ActivityRecord prev) { ...... // Find the first activity that is not finishing. ActivityRecord next = topRunningActivityLocked(null); // Remember how we‘ll process this pause/resume situation, and ensure // that the state is reset however we wind up proceeding. final boolean userLeaving = mUserLeaving; mUserLeaving = false; ...... next.delayedResume = false; // If the top activity is the resumed one, nothing to do. if (mResumedActivity == next && next.state == ActivityState.RESUMED) { ...... return false; } // If we are sleeping, and there is no resumed activity, and the top // activity is paused, well that is the state we want. if ((mService.mSleeping || mService.mShuttingDown) && mLastPausedActivity == next && next.state == ActivityState.PAUSED) { ...... return false; } ....... // We need to start pausing the current activity so the top one // can be resumed... if (mResumedActivity != null) { ...... return true; } ...... if (next.app != null && next.app.thread != null) { ...... } else { ...... startSpecificActivityLocked(next, true, true); } return true; } ...... }
通过上面的Step 9，我们知道，当前在堆栈顶端的Activity为我们即将要启动的MainActivity，这里通过调用topRunningActivityLocked将它取回来，保存在next变量中。之前最后一个Resumed状态的Activity，即Launcher，到了这里已经处于Paused状态了，因此，mResumedActivity为null。最后一个处于Paused状态的Activity为Launcher，因此，这里的mLastPausedActivity就为Launcher。前面我们为MainActivity创建了ActivityRecord后，它的app域一直保持为null。有了这些信息后，上面这段代码就容易理解了，它最终调用startSpecificActivityLocked进行下一步操作。
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityStack.java文件中：
public class ActivityStack { ...... private final void startSpecificActivityLocked(ActivityRecord r, boolean andResume, boolean checkConfig) { // Is this activity‘s application already running? ProcessRecord app = mService.getProcessRecordLocked(r.processName, r.info.applicationInfo.uid); ...... if (app != null && app.thread != null) { try { realStartActivityLocked(r, app, andResume, checkConfig); return; } catch (RemoteException e) { ...... } } mService.startProcessLocked(r.processName, r.info.applicationInfo, true, 0, "activity", r.intent.getComponent(), false); } ...... }
注意，这里由于是第一次启动应用程序的Activity，所以下面语句：
ProcessRecord app = mService.getProcessRecordLocked(r.processName,
r.info.applicationInfo.uid);
取回来的app为null。
在Activity应用程序中的AndroidManifest.xml配置文件中，我们没有指定Application标签的process属性，系统就会默认使用package的名称。
每一个应用程序都有自己的uid，因此，这里uid + process的组合就可以为每一个应用程序创建一个ProcessRecord。当然，我们可以配置两个应用程序具有相同的uid和package，或者在AndroidManifest.xml配置文件的application标签或者activity标签中显式指定相同的process属性值，这样，不同的应用程序也可以在同一个进程中启动。
函数最终执行ActivityManagerService.startProcessLocked函数进行下一步操作。
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java文件中：
public final class ActivityManagerService extends ActivityManagerNative implements Watchdog.Monitor, BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryCallback { ...... final ProcessRecord startProcessLocked(String processName, ApplicationInfo info, boolean knownToBeDead, int intentFlags, String hostingType, ComponentName hostingName, boolean allowWhileBooting) { ProcessRecord app = getProcessRecordLocked(processName, info.uid); ...... String hostingNameStr = hostingName != null ? hostingName.flattenToShortString() : null; ...... if (app == null) { app = new ProcessRecordLocked(null, info, processName); mProcessNames.put(processName, info.uid, app); } else { // If this is a new package in the process, add the package to the list app.addPackage(info.packageName); } ...... startProcessLocked(app, hostingType, hostingNameStr); return (app.pid != 0) ? app : null; } ...... }
这里再次检查是否已经有以process + uid命名的进程存在，在我们这个情景中，返回值app为null，因此，后面会创建一个ProcessRecord，并保存在成员变量mProcessNames中，最后，调用另一个startProcessLocked函数进一步操作：
public final class ActivityManagerService extends ActivityManagerNative implements Watchdog.Monitor, BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryCallback { ...... private final void startProcessLocked(ProcessRecord app, String hostingType, String hostingNameStr) { ...... try { int uid = app.info.uid; int[] gids = null; try { gids = mContext.getPackageManager().getPackageGids( app.info.packageName); } catch (PackageManager.NameNotFoundException e) { ...... } ...... int debugFlags = 0; ...... int pid = Process.start("android.app.ActivityThread", mSimpleProcessManagement ? app.processName : null, uid, uid, gids, debugFlags, null); ...... } catch (RuntimeException e) { ...... } } ...... }
这里主要是调用Process.start接口来创建一个新的进程，新的进程会导入android.app.ActivityThread类，并且执行它的main函数，这就是为什么我们前面说每一个应用程序都有一个ActivityThread实例来对应的原因。
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java文件中：
public final class ActivityThread { ...... private final void attach(boolean system) { ...... mSystemThread = system; if (!system) { ...... IActivityManager mgr = ActivityManagerNative.getDefault(); try { mgr.attachApplication(mAppThread); } catch (RemoteException ex) { } } else { ...... } } ...... public static final void main(String[] args) { ....... ActivityThread thread = new ActivityThread(); thread.attach(false); ...... Looper.loop(); ....... thread.detach(); ...... } }
函数attach最终调用了ActivityManagerService的远程接口ActivityManagerProxy的attachApplication函数，传入的参数是mAppThread，这是一个ApplicationThread类型的Binder对象，它的作用是用来进行进程间通信的。
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityManagerNative.java文件中：
class ActivityManagerProxy implements IActivityManager { ...... public void attachApplication(IApplicationThread app) throws RemoteException { Parcel data = Parcel.obtain(); Parcel reply = Parcel.obtain(); data.writeInterfaceToken(IActivityManager.descriptor); data.writeStrongBinder(app.asBinder()); mRemote.transact(ATTACH_APPLICATION_TRANSACTION, data, reply, 0); reply.readException(); data.recycle(); reply.recycle(); } ...... }
这里通过Binder驱动程序，最后进入ActivityManagerService的attachApplication函数中。
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java文件中：
public final class ActivityManagerService extends ActivityManagerNative implements Watchdog.Monitor, BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryCallback { ...... public final void attachApplication(IApplicationThread thread) { synchronized (this) { int callingPid = Binder.getCallingPid(); final long origId = Binder.clearCallingIdentity(); attachApplicationLocked(thread, callingPid); Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(origId); } } ...... }
这里将操作转发给attachApplicationLocked函数。
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java文件中：
public final class ActivityManagerService extends ActivityManagerNative implements Watchdog.Monitor, BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryCallback { ...... private final boolean attachApplicationLocked(IApplicationThread thread, int pid) { // Find the application record that is being attached... either via // the pid if we are running in multiple processes, or just pull the // next app record if we are emulating process with anonymous threads. ProcessRecord app; if (pid != MY_PID && pid >= 0) { synchronized (mPidsSelfLocked) { app = mPidsSelfLocked.get(pid); } } else if (mStartingProcesses.size() > 0) { ...... } else { ...... } if (app == null) { ...... return false; } ...... String processName = app.processName; try { thread.asBinder().linkToDeath(new AppDeathRecipient( app, pid, thread), 0); } catch (RemoteException e) { ...... return false; } ...... app.thread = thread; app.curAdj = app.setAdj = -100; app.curSchedGroup = Process.THREAD_GROUP_DEFAULT; app.setSchedGroup = Process.THREAD_GROUP_BG_NONINTERACTIVE; app.forcingToForeground = null; app.foregroundServices = false; app.debugging = false; ...... boolean normalMode = mProcessesReady || isAllowedWhileBooting(app.info); ...... boolean badApp = false; boolean didSomething = false; // See if the top visible activity is waiting to run in this process... ActivityRecord hr = mMainStack.topRunningActivityLocked(null); if (hr != null && normalMode) { if (hr.app == null && app.info.uid == hr.info.applicationInfo.uid && processName.equals(hr.processName)) { try { if (mMainStack.realStartActivityLocked(hr, app, true, true)) { didSomething = true; } } catch (Exception e) { ...... } } else { ...... } } ...... return true; } ...... }
在前面的Step 23中，已经创建了一个ProcessRecord，这里首先通过pid将它取回来，放在app变量中，然后对app的其它成员进行初始化，最后调用mMainStack.realStartActivityLocked执行真正的Activity启动操作。这里要启动的Activity通过调用mMainStack.topRunningActivityLocked(null)从堆栈顶端取回来，这时候在堆栈顶端的Activity就是MainActivity了。
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityStack.java文件中：
public class ActivityStack { ...... final boolean realStartActivityLocked(ActivityRecord r, ProcessRecord app, boolean andResume, boolean checkConfig) throws RemoteException { ...... r.app = app; ...... int idx = app.activities.indexOf(r); if (idx < 0) { app.activities.add(r); } ...... try { ...... List<ResultInfo> results = null; List<Intent> newIntents = null; if (andResume) { results = r.results; newIntents = r.newIntents; } ...... app.thread.scheduleLaunchActivity(new Intent(r.intent), r, System.identityHashCode(r), r.info, r.icicle, results, newIntents, !andResume, mService.isNextTransitionForward()); ...... } catch (RemoteException e) { ...... } ...... return true; } ...... }
这里最终通过app.thread进入到ApplicationThreadProxy的scheduleLaunchActivity函数中，注意，这里的第二个参数r，是一个ActivityRecord类型的Binder对象，用来作为这个Activity的token值。
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ApplicationThreadNative.java文件中：
class ApplicationThreadProxy implements IApplicationThread { ...... public final void scheduleLaunchActivity(Intent intent, IBinder token, int ident, ActivityInfo info, Bundle state, List<ResultInfo> pendingResults, List<Intent> pendingNewIntents, boolean notResumed, boolean isForward) throws RemoteException { Parcel data = Parcel.obtain(); data.writeInterfaceToken(IApplicationThread.descriptor); intent.writeToParcel(data, 0); data.writeStrongBinder(token); data.writeInt(ident); info.writeToParcel(data, 0); data.writeBundle(state); data.writeTypedList(pendingResults); data.writeTypedList(pendingNewIntents); data.writeInt(notResumed ? 1 : 0); data.writeInt(isForward ? 1 : 0); mRemote.transact(SCHEDULE_LAUNCH_ACTIVITY_TRANSACTION, data, null, IBinder.FLAG_ONEWAY); data.recycle(); } ...... }
这个函数最终通过Binder驱动程序进入到ApplicationThread的scheduleLaunchActivity函数中。
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java文件中：
public final class ActivityThread { ...... private final class ApplicationThread extends ApplicationThreadNative { ...... // we use token to identify this activity without having to send the // activity itself back to the activity manager. (matters more with ipc) public final void scheduleLaunchActivity(Intent intent, IBinder token, int ident, ActivityInfo info, Bundle state, List<ResultInfo> pendingResults, List<Intent> pendingNewIntents, boolean notResumed, boolean isForward) { ActivityClientRecord r = new ActivityClientRecord(); r.token = token; r.ident = ident; r.intent = intent; r.activityInfo = info; r.state = state; r.pendingResults = pendingResults; r.pendingIntents = pendingNewIntents; r.startsNotResumed = notResumed; r.isForward = isForward; queueOrSendMessage(H.LAUNCH_ACTIVITY, r); } ...... } ...... }
函数首先创建一个ActivityClientRecord实例，并且初始化它的成员变量，然后调用ActivityThread类的queueOrSendMessage函数进一步处理。
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java文件中：
public final class ActivityThread { ...... private final class ApplicationThread extends ApplicationThreadNative { ...... // if the thread hasn‘t started yet, we don‘t have the handler, so just // save the messages until we‘re ready. private final void queueOrSendMessage(int what, Object obj) { queueOrSendMessage(what, obj, 0, 0); } ...... private final void queueOrSendMessage(int what, Object obj, int arg1, int arg2) { synchronized (this) { ...... Message msg = Message.obtain(); msg.what = what; msg.obj = obj; msg.arg1 = arg1; msg.arg2 = arg2; mH.sendMessage(msg); } } ...... } ...... }
函数把消息内容放在msg中，然后通过mH把消息分发出去，这里的成员变量mH我们在前面已经见过，消息分发出去后，最后会调用H类的handleMessage函数。
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java文件中：
public final class ActivityThread { ...... private final class H extends Handler { ...... public void handleMessage(Message msg) { ...... switch (msg.what) { case LAUNCH_ACTIVITY: { ActivityClientRecord r = (ActivityClientRecord)msg.obj; r.packageInfo = getPackageInfoNoCheck( r.activityInfo.applicationInfo); handleLaunchActivity(r, null); } break; ...... } ...... } ...... }
这里最后调用ActivityThread类的handleLaunchActivity函数进一步处理。
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java文件中：
public final class ActivityThread { ...... private final void handleLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, Intent customIntent) { ...... Activity a = performLaunchActivity(r, customIntent); if (a != null) { r.createdConfig = new Configuration(mConfiguration); Bundle oldState = r.state; handleResumeActivity(r.token, false, r.isForward); ...... } else { ...... } } ...... }
这里首先调用performLaunchActivity函数来加载这个Activity类，然后调用它的onCreate函数，最后回到handleLaunchActivity函数时，再调用handleResumeActivity函数来使这个Activity进入Resumed状态，即会调用这个Activity的onResume函数，这是遵循Activity的生命周期的。
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java文件中：
public final class ActivityThread { ...... private final Activity performLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, Intent customIntent) { ActivityInfo aInfo = r.activityInfo; if (r.packageInfo == null) { r.packageInfo = getPackageInfo(aInfo.applicationInfo, Context.CONTEXT_INCLUDE_CODE); } ComponentName component = r.intent.getComponent(); if (component == null) { component = r.intent.resolveActivity( mInitialApplication.getPackageManager()); r.intent.setComponent(component); } if (r.activityInfo.targetActivity != null) { component = new ComponentName(r.activityInfo.packageName, r.activityInfo.targetActivity); } Activity activity = null; try { java.lang.ClassLoader cl = r.packageInfo.getClassLoader(); activity = mInstrumentation.newActivity( cl, component.getClassName(), r.intent); r.intent.setExtrasClassLoader(cl); if (r.state != null) { r.state.setClassLoader(cl); } } catch (Exception e) { ...... } try { Application app = r.packageInfo.makeApplication(false, mInstrumentation); ...... if (activity != null) { ContextImpl appContext = new ContextImpl(); appContext.init(r.packageInfo, r.token, this); appContext.setOuterContext(activity); CharSequence title = r.activityInfo.loadLabel(appContext.getPackageManager()); Configuration config = new Configuration(mConfiguration); ...... activity.attach(appContext, this, getInstrumentation(), r.token, r.ident, app, r.intent, r.activityInfo, title, r.parent, r.embeddedID, r.lastNonConfigurationInstance, r.lastNonConfigurationChildInstances, config); if (customIntent != null) { activity.mIntent = customIntent; } r.lastNonConfigurationInstance = null; r.lastNonConfigurationChildInstances = null; activity.mStartedActivity = false; int theme = r.activityInfo.getThemeResource(); if (theme != 0) { activity.setTheme(theme); } activity.mCalled = false; mInstrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(activity, r.state); ...... r.activity = activity; r.stopped = true; if (!r.activity.mFinished) { activity.performStart(); r.stopped = false; } if (!r.activity.mFinished) { if (r.state != null) { mInstrumentation.callActivityOnRestoreInstanceState(activity, r.state); } } if (!r.activity.mFinished) { activity.mCalled = false; mInstrumentation.callActivityOnPostCreate(activity, r.state); if (!activity.mCalled) { throw new SuperNotCalledException( "Activity " + r.intent.getComponent().toShortString() + " did not call through to super.onPostCreate()"); } } } r.paused = true; mActivities.put(r.token, r); } catch (SuperNotCalledException e) { ...... } catch (Exception e) { ...... } return activity; } ...... }
函数前面是收集要启动的Activity的相关信息，主要package和component信息：
ActivityInfo aInfo = r.activityInfo; if (r.packageInfo == null) { r.packageInfo = getPackageInfo(aInfo.applicationInfo, Context.CONTEXT_INCLUDE_CODE); } ComponentName component = r.intent.getComponent(); if (component == null) { component = r.intent.resolveActivity( mInitialApplication.getPackageManager()); r.intent.setComponent(component); } if (r.activityInfo.targetActivity != null) { component = new ComponentName(r.activityInfo.packageName, r.activityInfo.targetActivity); }
然后通过ClassLoader将MainActivity类加载进来：
Activity activity = null; try { java.lang.ClassLoader cl = r.packageInfo.getClassLoader(); activity = mInstrumentation.newActivity( cl, component.getClassName(), r.intent); r.intent.setExtrasClassLoader(cl); if (r.state != null) { r.state.setClassLoader(cl); } } catch (Exception e) { ...... }
接下来是创建Application对象，这是根据AndroidManifest.xml配置文件中的Application标签的信息来创建的：
Application app = r.packageInfo.makeApplication(false, mInstrumentation);
后面的代码主要创建Activity的上下文信息，并通过attach方法将这些上下文信息设置到MainActivity中去：
activity.attach(appContext, this, getInstrumentation(), r.token, r.ident, app, r.intent, r.activityInfo, title, r.parent, r.embeddedID, r.lastNonConfigurationInstance, r.lastNonConfigurationChildInstances, config);
最后还要调用MainActivity的onCreate函数：
mInstrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(activity, r.state);
这里不是直接调用MainActivity的onCreate函数，而是通过mInstrumentation的callActivityOnCreate函数来间接调用，前面我们说过，mInstrumentation在这里的作用是监控Activity与系统的交互操作，相当于是系统运行日志。
这个函数就是我们自定义的app工程文件。
这样，MainActivity就启动起来了，整个应用程序也启动起来了。
整个应用程序的启动过程要执行很多步骤，但是整体来看，主要分为以下五个阶段：
- Step1 - Step 11：Launcher通过Binder进程间通信机制通知ActivityManagerService，它要启动一个Activity；
- Step 12 - Step 16：ActivityManagerService通过Binder进程间通信机制通知Launcher进入Paused状态；
- Step 17 - Step 24：Launcher通过Binder进程间通信机制通知ActivityManagerService，它已经准备就绪进入Paused状态，于是ActivityManagerService就创建一个新的进程，用来启动一个ActivityThread实例，即将要启动的Activity就是在这个ActivityThread实例中运行；
- Step 25 - Step 27：ActivityThread通过Binder进程间通信机制将一个ApplicationThread类型的Binder对象传递给ActivityManagerService，以便以后ActivityManagerService能够通过这个Binder对象和它进行通信；
- Step 28 - Step 35：ActivityManagerService通过Binder进程间通信机制通知ActivityThread，现在一切准备就绪，它可以真正执行Activity的启动操作了。
原文：http://www.cnblogs.com/lcw/p/4005234.html