一、线程间的通信
实例代码:
需求是:输入一个姓名和性别后,就输出一个姓名和性别
class Resource
{
String name;
String sex ;
}
class Input implements Runnable
{
Resource r;
Input(Resource r)
{
this.r = r;
}
public void run()
{
int x = 0;
while(true)
{
synchronized (r)
{
if(x==0)
{
r.name = "BLF";
r.sex = "male";
}
else {
r.name = "妮妮妮妮";
r.sex = "female";
}
x = (++x)%2;
}
}
}
}
class Output implements Runnable
{
Resource r;
public Output(Resource r) {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
this.r = r;
}
public void run()
{
while(true)
{
synchronized (r) //输入和输出都是应用同一个锁
{
System.out.println(r.name+"..."+r.sex);
}
}
}
}
public class Main
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Resource r = new Resource();//共享同一资源
Input in = new Input(r);
Output out = new Output(r);
Thread t1 = new Thread(in);
Thread t2 = new Thread(out);
t1.start();
t2.start();
}
}
二、线程的等待/唤醒机制:
用一个boolean值判断是否有数据,有就不放,没有就放
输入线程执行时判断是否有数据,有,就释放执行权,再释放执行资格,进入冻结状态,输出线程执行,输出后boolean值置为false
Input:
if(flag)//有值
wait();//当前冻结,切换输出线程
flag = true;
notify();
Output:
if(!flag)
wait();
flag = false;//flag置为假,输出完毕
notify();//唤醒输入线程方法:
1.wait();//使线程进入冻结状态,CPU释放执行权和执行资格,被wait()的线程会被存储到线程池中 2.notify();//唤醒线程池中的任意的一个线程 3.notifyAll();//唤醒所有线程,使之处于运行状态或临时阻塞状态,总之,使其具备执行资格
(wait()A锁的线程,只能用A锁的notify唤醒A锁的线程。)
了解:而wait()等方法是定义在Object类中的,这些方法是监视器的方法,而监视器呢,就可以理解为锁,控制哪个锁所属下的线程,而锁又可以是任意的,而所有的类都是继承于Object类的,所以wait()等类是定义在Object里
下述代码就解决了上述代码的问题,实现了输入输出线程的交替执行
class Resource extends Object
{
String name;
String sex ;
boolean flag = false;
}
class Input implements Runnable
{
Resource r;
Input(Resource r)
{
this.r = r;
}
public void run()
{
int x = 0;
while(true)
{
synchronized (r)
{
if(r.flag)
{
try {
r.wait();
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO: handle exception
}
}
if(x==0)
{
r.name = "BLF";
r.sex = "male";
}
else {
r.name = "妮妮妮妮";
r.sex = "female";
}
r.flag = true;
r.notify();
x = (++x)%2;
}
}
}
}
class Output implements Runnable
{
Resource r;
public Output(Resource r) {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
this.r = r;
}
public void run()
{
while(true)
{
synchronized (r)
{
if(!r.flag)
{
try {
r.wait();
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO: handle exception
}
}
System.out.println(r.name+"..."+r.sex);
r.flag = false;
r.notify();
}
}
}
}
public class Main
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Resource r = new Resource();
Input in = new Input(r);
Output out = new Output(r);
Thread t1 = new Thread(in);
Thread t2 = new Thread(out);
t1.start();
t2.start();
}
}
资源中的成员为了可控,应该为私有的,对外提供方法
所以同步的操作,就在Resource类中执行,应用同步函数
class Resource extends Object
{
private String name;
private String sex ;
private boolean flag = false;
public synchronized void set(String name,String sex)
{
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
if(flag)
{
try {
this.wait();
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO: handle exception
}
}
this.name = name;
this.sex = sex;
flag = true;
this.notify();
}
public synchronized void out()
{
if(!flag)
{
try {
this.wait();
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO: handle exception
}
System.out.println(name+" : "+sex);
flag = false;
this.notify();
}
}
}
class Input implements Runnable
{
Resource r;
Input(Resource r)
{
this.r = r;
}
public void run()
{
int x = 0;
while(true)
{
if(x==0)
{
r.set("BLF", "male");
}
else
{
r.set("妮妮妮妮", "female");
}
x = (++x)%2;
}
}
}
class Output implements Runnable
{
Resource r;
public Output(Resource r) {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
this.r = r;
}
public void run()
{
while(true)
{
r.out();
}
}
}
public class Main
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Resource r = new Resource();
Input in = new Input(r);
Output out = new Output(r);
Thread t1 = new Thread(in);
Thread t2 = new Thread(out);
t1.start();
t2.start();
}
}
JAVA学习第二十六课(多线程(五))- 多线程间的通信问题
原文:http://blog.csdn.net/wjw0130/article/details/39959445