1>只读 ---备份只读 故障 只读 还原有故障的数据文件
2>只读 ---备份只读 可写 故障 还原备份数据文件，重做recover
3>只读 ---备份可写 只读 故障 还原备份数据文件，recover
1>
进入rman，确保是否有备份的文件：
[oracle@oracle ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Thu Nov 6 09:44:08 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: JADL10G (DBID=2011508104)
RMAN> list backup of tablespace users;
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
1 Full 609.23M DISK 00:00:38 06-NOV-14
BP Key: 1 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20141106T063059
Piece Name: /u01/oracle/flash_recovery_area/JADL10G/backupset/2014_11_06/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20141106T063059_b5o994hx_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 1
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
4 Full 422818 06-NOV-14 /u01/oracle/oradata/jadl10g/users01.dbf
修改表空间为只读表空间：
[oracle@oracle ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Thu Nov 6 09:45:35 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining Scoring Engine
and Real Application Testing options
SQL> alter tablespace users read only;
Tablespace altered.
进入rman，重新备份数据库，删除以前备份的可以节省空间使用delete backup命令可以删除；
[oracle@oracle ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Thu Nov 6 09:50:29 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: JADL10G (DBID=2011508104)
RMAN> backup database; --备份数据库
Starting backup at 06-NOV-14
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=159 devtype=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
input datafile fno=00001 name=/u01/oracle/oradata/jadl10g/system01.dbf
input datafile fno=00003 name=/u01/oracle/oradata/jadl10g/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile fno=00005 name=/u01/oracle/oradata/jadl10g/example01.dbf
input datafile fno=00002 name=/u01/oracle/oradata/jadl10g/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile fno=00004 name=/u01/oracle/oradata/jadl10g/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 06-NOV-14
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 06-NOV-14
piece handle=/u01/oracle/flash_recovery_area/JADL10G/backupset/2014_11_06/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20141106T095036_b5onzdz1_.bkp tag=TAG20141106T095036 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:55
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
including current control file in backupset
including current SPFILE in backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 06-NOV-14
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 06-NOV-14
piece handle=/u01/oracle/flash_recovery_area/JADL10G/backupset/2014_11_06/o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20141106T095036_b5oo15kf_.bkp tag=TAG20141106T095036 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02
Finished backup at 06-NOV-14
RMAN> exit
Recovery Manager complete.
删除users表空间(只读的文件)
[oracle@oracle ~]$ rm /u01/oracle/oradata/jadl10g/users01.dbf
连接到DB，执行查询发现报错：
[oracle@oracle ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Thu Nov 6 09:52:33 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining Scoring Engine
and Real Application Testing options
SQL> select * from scott.dept;
select * from scott.dept
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01116: error in opening database file 4
ORA-01110: data file 4: ‘/u01/oracle/oradata/jadl10g/users01.dbf‘
ORA-27041: unable to open file
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining Scoring Engine
and Real Application Testing options
连接到rman：
[oracle@oracle ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Thu Nov 6 09:53:40 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: JADL10G (DBID=2011508104)
RMAN> sql ‘alter database datafile 4 offline ‘; --数据文件脱机
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
sql statement: alter database datafile 4 offline
RMAN> restore datafile 4; --恢复数据文件，此处可以是文件的路径 restore datafile ‘/u01/oracle/oradata/jadl10g/users01.dbf‘;
Starting restore at 06-NOV-14
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=136 devtype=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/oracle/oradata/jadl10g/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/oracle/flash_recovery_area/JADL10G/backupset/2014_11_06/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20141106T095036_b5onzdz1_.bkp
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
piece handle=/u01/oracle/flash_recovery_area/JADL10G/backupset/2014_11_06/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20141106T095036_b5onzdz1_.bkp tag=TAG20141106T095036
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02
Finished restore at 06-NOV-14
RMAN> sql ‘alter database datafile 4 online ‘; ---连接数据文件
sql statement: alter database datafile 4 online
RMAN> exit
Recovery Manager complete.
连接到DB，执行查询发现可以查询到结果：
[oracle@oracle ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Thu Nov 6 09:55:00 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining Scoring Engine
and Real Application Testing options
SQL> select * from scott.dept;
DEPTNO DNAME LOC
---------- -------------- -------------
10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO
40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
2>
连接DB，修改表空间为可写：
[oracle@oracle ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Thu Nov 6 10:04:27 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining Scoring Engine
and Real Application Testing options
SQL> alter tablespace users read write;
Tablespace altered.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining Scoring Engine
and Real Application Testing options
删除users表空间(可写的表空间)：
[oracle@oracle ~]$ rm /u01/oracle/oradata/jadl10g/users01.dbf
连接到DB，执行查询发现报错：
[oracle@oracle ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Thu Nov 6 10:05:32 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining Scoring Engine
and Real Application Testing options
SQL> select * from scott.dept;
select * from scott.dept
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01116: error in opening database file 4
ORA-01110: data file 4: ‘/u01/oracle/oradata/jadl10g/users01.dbf‘
ORA-27041: unable to open file
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining Scoring Engine
and Real Application Testing options
连接到rman：
[oracle@oracle ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Thu Nov 6 10:06:31 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: JADL10G (DBID=2011508104)
RMAN> sql ‘alter database datafile 4 offline ‘;
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
sql statement: alter database datafile 4 offline
RMAN> restore datafile 4;
Starting restore at 06-NOV-14
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=159 devtype=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/oracle/oradata/jadl10g/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/oracle/flash_recovery_area/JADL10G/backupset/2014_11_06/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20141106T095036_b5onzdz1_.bkp
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
piece handle=/u01/oracle/flash_recovery_area/JADL10G/backupset/2014_11_06/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20141106T095036_b5onzdz1_.bkp tag=TAG20141106T095036
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished restore at 06-NOV-14
RMAN> recover datafile 4;
Starting recover at 06-NOV-14
using channel ORA_DISK_1
starting media recovery
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished recover at 06-NOV-14
RMAN> sql ‘alter database datafile 4 online ‘;
sql statement: alter database datafile 4 online
RMAN> exit
Recovery Manager complete.
连接到DB，执行查询发现可以查询到结果：
[oracle@oracle ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Thu Nov 6 10:08:18 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining Scoring Engine
and Real Application Testing options
SQL> select * from scott.dept;
DEPTNO DNAME LOC
---------- -------------- -------------
10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO
40 OPERATIONS BOSTON【只读表空间--恢复-1】
原文：http://blog.csdn.net/u012625036/article/details/42155981
