配置struts2时，tomcat报错如下：
严重: Exception starting filter struts
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError:
org/apache/commons/lang3/StringUtils
at
com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.register(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:211)
at
org.apache.struts2.config.StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider.register(StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider.java:102)
at
com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.impl.DefaultConfiguration.reloadContainer(DefaultConfiguration.java:234)
at
com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(ConfigurationManager.java:67)
at
org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init_PreloadConfiguration(Dispatcher.java:445)
at
org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init(Dispatcher.java:489)
at
org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher.init(FilterDispatcher.java:193)
at
org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.getFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:275)
at
org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.setFilterDef(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:397)
at
org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.<init>(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:108)
at
org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.filterStart(StandardContext.java:3693)
at
org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.start(StandardContext.java:4340)
at
org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:791)
at
org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:771)
at
org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:525)
at
org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory(HostConfig.java:920)
at
org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectories(HostConfig.java:883)
at
org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployApps(HostConfig.java:492)
at
org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.check(HostConfig.java:1206)
at
org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.lifecycleEvent(HostConfig.java:293)
at
org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleSupport.java:117)
at
org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.backgroundProcess(ContainerBase.java:1337)
at
org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$ContainerBackgroundProcessor.processChildren(ContainerBase.java:1601)
at
org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$ContainerBackgroundProcessor.processChildren(ContainerBase.java:1610)
at
org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$ContainerBackgroundProcessor.run(ContainerBase.java:1590)
at
java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:744)
Caused by:
java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils
at
org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1358)
at
org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1204)
...
26 more
三月 03, 2014 1:46:28 下午 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext start
严重:
Error filterStart
三月 03, 2014 1:46:28 下午
org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext start
严重: Context [/Struts2Test]
startup failed due to previous errors
解决方法：把commons-lang.jar升级到新版，我原本用的是commons-lang-2.3.jar
现在更换成commons-lang3-3.1.jar 后，启动正常！
原文：http://www.cnblogs.com/mubin/p/3578229.html