java程序启动时cpu和负载高探索

这两天协助运维定位1个监控程序CPU占用率达到150%的问题，过程曲折，结论简单，很有意思：）

首先我们来看一下cpu高时候截图：

可以看到红色框中的监控程序CPU占用率都很高，但其实这些监控程序的实现很简单：发送1个http请求，收到响应后简单判断一下响应码，然后打印监控结果，打印完成就退出了。每次监控都会重新由daemon程序拉起运行。

这么简单的业务占用这么高的cpu，怎么感觉都不太可能，于是拿到监控程序的源码开始定位。

第一个想到的是VisualVm、JConsole等工具，但由于程序很快就运行完成了，这两个工具都还没有连接上就结束了，而且拿到的数据也没法看出具体是什么原因导致cpu高，尝试了一下就放弃了。

第二个尝试是用strace去跟踪程序的调用，结果摘录如下（省略很多）：

17572 14:08:43.485878 futex(0x58049028, FUTEX_WAKE_PRIVATE, 1) = 0
17572 14:08:43.486132 clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, {1423721323, 486165000}) = 0
17572 14:08:43.486204 futex(0x580497a4, FUTEX_WAIT_PRIVATE, 1, {0, 9949000}) = -1 ETIMEDOUT (Connection timed out)
17572 14:08:43.496964 futex(0x58049028, FUTEX_WAKE_PRIVATE, 1) = 0
17572 14:08:43.497142 clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, {1423721323, 497169000}) = 0
17572 14:08:43.497236 futex(0x580497a4, FUTEX_WAIT_PRIVATE, 1, {0, 9935000}) = -1 ETIMEDOUT (Connection timed out)
17572 14:08:43.507896 futex(0x58049028, FUTEX_WAKE_PRIVATE, 1) = 0
17572 14:08:43.508164 clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, {1423721323, 508201000}) = 0
17572 14:08:43.508240 futex(0x580497a4, FUTEX_WAIT_PRIVATE, 1, {0, 9945000}) = -1 ETIMEDOUT (Connection timed out)
17572 14:08:43.518960 futex(0x58049028, FUTEX_WAKE_PRIVATE, 1) = 0
17572 14:08:43.519140 clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, {1423721323, 519168000}) = 0
17572 14:08:43.519236 futex(0x580497a4, FUTEX_WAIT_PRIVATE, 1, {0, 9934000}) = -1 ETIMEDOUT (Connection timed out)
17572 14:08:43.529882 futex(0x58049028, FUTEX_WAKE_PRIVATE, 1) = 0
17572 14:08:43.530144 clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, {1423721323, 530177000}) = 0
17572 14:08:43.530216 futex(0x580497a4, FUTEX_WAIT_PRIVATE, 1, {0, 9946000}) = -1 ETIMEDOUT (Connection timed out)
17572 14:08:43.540951 futex(0x58049028, FUTEX_WAKE_PRIVATE, 1) = 0
17572 14:08:43.541129 clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, {1423721323, 541157000}) = 0
17572 14:08:43.541222 futex(0x580497a4, FUTEX_WAIT_PRIVATE, 1, {0, 9935000}) = -1 ETIMEDOUT (Connection timed out)
17572 14:08:43.551872 futex(0x58049028, FUTEX_WAKE_PRIVATE, 1) = 0
17572 14:08:43.552127 clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, {1423721323, 552159000}) = 0
17572 14:08:43.552199 futex(0x580497a4, FUTEX_WAIT_PRIVATE, 1, {0, 9949000}) = -1 ETIMEDOUT (Connection timed out)
17572 14:08:43.562857 futex(0x58049028, FUTEX_WAKE_PRIVATE, 1) = 0
17572 14:08:43.563029 clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, {1423721323, 563056000}) = 0
17572 14:08:43.563119 futex(0x580497a4, FUTEX_WAIT_PRIVATE, 1, {0, 9936000}) = -1 ETIMEDOUT (Connection timed out)
17572 14:08:43.573913 futex(0x58049028, FUTEX_WAKE_PRIVATE, 1) = 0
17572 14:08:43.574159 clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, {1423721323, 574214000}) = 0
17572 14:08:43.574253 futex(0x580497a4, FUTEX_WAIT_PRIVATE, 1, {0, 9925000}) = -1 ETIMEDOUT (Connection timed out)
17572 14:08:43.584885 futex(0x58049028, FUTEX_WAKE_PRIVATE, 1) = 0
17572 14:08:43.585055 clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, {1423721323, 585081000}) = 0
17572 14:08:43.585147 futex(0x580497a4, FUTEX_WAIT_PRIVATE, 1, {0, 9936000}) = -1 ETIMEDOUT (Connection timed out)
17572 14:08:43.595900 futex(0x58049028, FUTEX_WAKE_PRIVATE, 1) = 0
17572 14:08:43.596170 clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, {1423721323, 596206000}) = 0
17572 14:08:43.596245 futex(0x580497a4, FUTEX_WAIT_PRIVATE, 1, {0, 9947000}) = -1 ETIMEDOUT (Connection timed out)
17572 14:08:43.606960 futex(0x58049028, FUTEX_WAKE_PRIVATE, 1) = 0
17572 14:08:43.607139 clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, {1423721323, 607167000}) = 0
17572 14:08:43.607232 futex(0x580497a4, FUTEX_WAIT_PRIVATE, 1, {0, 9935000}) = -1 ETIMEDOUT (Connection timed out)
17572 14:08:43.617875 futex(0x58049028, FUTEX_WAKE_PRIVATE, 1) = 0
17572 14:08:43.618119 clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, {1423721323, 618209000}) = 0
17572 14:08:43.618249 futex(0x580497a4, FUTEX_WAIT_PRIVATE, 1, {0, 9890000}) = -1 ETIMEDOUT (Connection timed out)
17572 14:08:43.628960 futex(0x58049028, FUTEX_WAKE_PRIVATE, 1) = 0
17572 14:08:43.629140 clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, {1423721323, 629168000}) = 0
17572 14:08:43.629231 futex(0x580497a4, FUTEX_WAIT_PRIVATE, 1, {0, 9935000}) = -1 ETIMEDOUT (Connection timed out)
17572 14:08:43.639865 futex(0x58049028, FUTEX_WAKE_PRIVATE, 1) = 0
17572 14:08:43.640134 clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, {1423721323, 640167000}) = 0
17572 14:08:43.640206 futex(0x580497a4, FUTEX_WAIT_PRIVATE, 1, {0, 9946000}) = -1 ETIMEDOUT (Connection timed out)
17572 14:08:43.650868 futex(0x58049028, FUTEX_WAKE_PRIVATE, 1) = 0
17572 14:08:43.651139 unlink("/tmp/hsperfdata_gamedata/17559") = 0
17572 14:08:43.651324 exit_group(0)     = ?   

工具指望不上，只好看代码，代码看了后怀疑几个地方：

1）CountDownLatch：因为这个最有可能用到futex了，但实际想了想和验证了一下，这个东东不可能导致cpu这么高，真有这个问题，这东东完全就没法用了

2）多线程：看了代码，没有几个线程，而且业务就是一发一收，不可能多线程导致的

问题陷入僵局，怎么办呢？ 只好用终极大招了：分段注释！

1）注释响应处理的代码 —— 不行，cpu占用100%

2）注释发送请求的代码 —— 还是不行，，cpu占用100%

      这不坑爹嘛，请求都不发，响应也没有了，你咋还这么慢？

3）干脆注释所有代码， 只在main里面打印Hello world —— 还是不行，，cpu占用100%

      这下就蛋疼了，没有任何业务，你cpu还高，这不坑我嘛

4）自己写个Hello world —— 咦，这次可以了，cpu占用2%

     咋回事，同样都是打印Hello world，为啥cpu差别那么大？

左思右想，突然灵光一闪：难道是和jvm加载类文件有关 ？

jvm在启动的时候会装载并连接所有除反射以外的类，而class文件是二进制的文件，需要从磁盘加载到内存然后解析，这种解析是很耗费cpu的，那么class文件越多，cpu耗费就越高，这正好解释了为什么同样输出Hello world，不同程序cpu占用率差别很大。

这个推论正好也解释了之前遇到的另外一个线上项目的现象：每次启动后有大约1分钟左右系统的cpu和负载很高，过了1分钟后就恢复正常了。

【建议】

需要重复运行的监控类程序，如果用java写，最好不要做成每次都要重新启动，而是在程序里面循环或者定时运行；

如果一定要每次都要重新启动，频率又很频繁的话，建议用shell、python之类的来写，否则一台机器运行太多java类的工具程序，会导致cpu和负载飙升

转载请注明出处：http://blog.csdn.net/yunhua_lee/article/details/43765371

java程序启动时cpu和负载高探索

原文：http://blog.csdn.net/yunhua_lee/article/details/43765371