方法1
Drawable drawable= getResources().getDrawable(R.drawable.drawable);
/// 这一步必须要做,否则不会显示.
drawable.setBounds(0, 0, drawable.getMinimumWidth(), drawable.getMinimumHeight());
myTextview.setCompoundDrawables(drawable,null,null,null);
方法2
public void setCompoundDrawablesWithIntrinsicBounds (Drawable left,
Drawable top, Drawable right, Drawable bottom)
Android TextView drawableLeft 在代码中实现
原文：http://www.cnblogs.com/Free-Thinker/p/4369964.html