距上次写的博客已经好几个月,一方面公司里面有很多的东西要学,平时的时候又要写代码,所以没有及时更新,不过现在还好,已经成型了,现在把之前的东西贴出来,先看一下现在做的几个界面吧。第一个界面是用颜色用区分台状态的,后来感觉这样没有图片好,于是用第二个界面
改进后的界面
系统登录界面.
上面的截图主要是前一段时间写的台桌界面,回到数据库访问模块吧.
数据库访问模块在网上的资源也非常的多,所以我也不想讲太多.
首先定义DataAccess层的结构,用不同的文件夹区分它们,核心的类放在DBCore文件夹中,通用的类放在DBUtil中,然后再是配置类,Map中放ORM相关的类,其他的就是不同数据库类型的相关类.
首称定义数据库访问层要实现的接口,其实主要都差不多的啦
using System; using System.Data.Common; using System.Data; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace RMS.DataAccess { /// <summary> /// 数据库通用操作接口. /// </summary> /// <author>xucj</author> /// <date>2013-05-15</date> public interface IDbOperation { /// <summary> /// 执行查询,并返回查询所返回的结果集中第一行的第一列. /// </summary> /// <param name="commandText">命令文本(SQL语句).</param> /// <returns>结果集中第一行的第一列.</returns> object ExecuteScalar(string commandText); /// <summary> /// 执行查询,并返回查询所返回的结果集中第一行的第一列. /// </summary> /// <param name="commandType">操作类型.</param> /// <param name="commandText">命令文本(SQL语句).</param> /// <returns>结果集中第一行的第一列.</returns> object ExecuteScalar(CommandType commandType, string commandText); /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="commandText"></param> /// <returns></returns> DbDataReader ExecuteReader(string commandText); /// <summary> /// 返回DbDataReader对象. /// </summary> /// <param name="commandType">操作类型.</param> /// <param name="commandText">命令文本(SQL语句).</param> /// <returns>DbDataReader对象</returns> DbDataReader ExecuteReader(CommandType commandType, string commandText); /// <summary> /// 返回DbDataReader对象. /// </summary> /// <param name="commandType">操作类型.</param> /// <param name="commandText">命令文本(SQL语句).</param> /// <param name="commandParameters">命令参数.</param> /// <returns>DbDataReader对象</returns> DbDataReader ExecuteReader(CommandType commandType, string commandText, params DbParameter[] commandParameters); /// <summary> /// 对连接对象执行SQL语句. /// </summary> /// <param name="commandText">命令文本(SQL语句).</param> /// <returns>受影响的行数.</returns> int ExecuteNonQuery(string commandText); /// <summary> /// 对连接对象执行SQL语句. /// </summary> /// <param name="commandType">操作类型.</param> /// <param name="commandText">命令文本(SQL语句).</param> /// <returns>受影响的行数.</returns> int ExecuteNonQuery(CommandType commandType, string commandText); /// <summary> /// 对连接对象执行SQL语句. /// </summary> /// <param name="commandText">命令文本(SQL语句).</param> /// <param name="commandParameters">操作类型.</param> /// <returns>受影响的行数.</returns> int ExecuteNonQuery(string commandText, params DbParameter[] commandParameters); /// <summary> /// 对连接对象执行SQL语句. /// </summary> /// <param name="commandType">操作类型.</param> /// <param name="commandText">命令文本(SQL语句).</param> /// <param name="commandParameters">命令参数.</param> /// <returns>受影响的行数.</returns> int ExecuteNonQuery(CommandType commandType, string commandText, params DbParameter[] commandParameters); /// <summary> /// 对连接对象执行SQL语句. /// </summary> /// <param name="transaction">事务.</param> /// <param name="commandText">命令文本(SQL语句).</param> /// <returns>受影响的行数.</returns> int ExecuteNonQuery(DbTransaction transaction, string commandText); /// <summary> /// 对连接对象执行SQL语句. /// </summary> /// <param name="transaction">事务.</param> /// <param name="commandText">命令文本(SQL语句).</param> /// <param name="commandParameters">命令参数.</param> /// <returns>受影响的行数.</returns> int ExecuteNonQuery(DbTransaction transaction, string commandText, params DbParameter[] commandParameters); /// <summary> /// 返回DataSet数据集. /// </summary> /// <param name="commandText">命令文本(SQL语句).</param> /// <returns>DataSet数据集</returns> DataSet FillDataset(string commandText); /// /// <summary> /// 返回DataSet数据集. /// </summary> /// /// <param name="transaction">事务.</param> /// <param name="commandText">命令文本(SQL语句).</param> /// <returns>DataSet数据集</returns> DataSet FillDataset(DbTransaction transaction, string commandText); /// <summary> /// 返回DataSet数据集. /// </summary> /// <param name="commandText">命令文本(SQL语句).</param> /// <param name="commandParameters">命令参数.</param> /// <returns>DataSet数据集.</returns> DataSet FillDataset(string commandText, params DbParameter[] commandParameters); /// <summary> /// 返回DataSet数据集. /// </summary> /// <param name="transaction">事务.</param> /// <param name="commandText">命令文本(SQL语句).</param> /// <param name="commandParameters">命令参数.</param> /// <returns>DataSet数据集.</returns> DataSet FillDataset(DbTransaction transaction, string commandText, params DbParameter[] commandParameters); /// <summary> /// 返回DataSet数据集. /// </summary> /// <param name="commandType">操作类型.</param> /// <param name="commandText">命令文本(SQL语句).</param> /// <returns>DataSet数据集.</returns> DataSet FillDataset(CommandType commandType, string commandText); /// <summary> /// 返回DataSet数据集. /// </summary> /// <param name="commandType">操作类型.</param> /// <param name="commandText">命令文本(SQL语句).</param> /// <param name="parameters">命令参数.</param> /// <returns>DataSet数据集.</returns> DataTable FillDataTable(CommandType commandType, string commandText, params DbParameter[] parameters); /// <summary> /// 返回DataSet数据集. /// </summary> /// <param name="commText">命令文本(SQL语句).</param> /// <returns>DataSet数据集.</returns> DataTable FillDataTable(string commText); /// <summary> /// 返回DataSet数据集. /// </summary> /// <param name="commandType">操作类型.</param> /// <param name="commText">命令文本(SQL语句).</param> /// <returns>DataSet数据集.</returns> DataTable FillDataTable(CommandType commandType, string commText); /// <summary> /// 返回DataSet数据集. /// </summary> /// <param name="commandType">操作类型.</param> /// <param name="commandText">命令文本(SQL语句).</param> /// <param name="commandParameters">命令参数.</param> /// <returns>DataSet数据集.</returns> DataSet FillDataset(CommandType commandType, string commandText, params DbParameter[] commandParameters); } }
然后定义工厂类,这里主要使用泛型,我们知道不同的数据库访问主要是引擎名称与连接字符串不同,所以把它们定义成泛型
using System; using System.Data; using System.Data.Common; using RMS.Logging; namespace RMS.DataAccess { /// <summary> /// 数据库工厂类. /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="C">实现IDbConnectionString接口的连接串类.</typeparam> /// <typeparam name="P">实现IDbProviderName接口的数据库引擎名称.</typeparam> public class DbFactory<C, P> where C : IDbConnectionString, new() where P : IDbProviderName, new() { #region private member /// <summary> /// 数据引擎实现工厂. /// </summary> private static DbProviderFactory m_factory; /// <summary> /// 数据引擎实现工厂接口. /// </summary> private static IDbProvider m_provider = null; private static object lockObject = new object(); #endregion /// <summary> /// 返回实现IDbProvider接口的具体数据引擎. /// </summary> public static IDbProvider Provider { get { if (m_provider == null) { lock (lockObject) { if (m_provider == null) { string providerName = typeof(DbFactory<C, P>).Namespace + "." + new P().DbProviderName + "Provider"; // 用于反射 try { m_provider = (IDbProvider)Activator.CreateInstance(Type.GetType(providerName)); } catch (DbException dex) { LoggerManager.GetILog("Data Provider").Error(dex.StackTrace); throw new Exception("创建数据库实例失败,请确认存在 " + providerName + " 的类"); } } } } return m_provider; } } /// <summary> /// 数据库引擎实现工厂. /// </summary> public static DbProviderFactory Factory { get { if (m_factory == null) { m_factory = Provider.Instance(); } return m_factory; } } /// <summary> /// 重置数据引擎. /// </summary> public static void ResetDbProvider() { m_factory = null; m_provider = null; } #region Make parameter. /// <summary> /// 生成参数. /// </summary> /// <param name="ParamName">参数名称.</param> /// <param name="DbType">参数类型.</param> /// <param name="Size">参数大小..</param> /// <param name="Value">参数值.</param> /// <returns>生成后的参数.</returns> public static DbParameter MakeInParam(string ParamName, DbTypeWrapper DbType, int Size, object Value) { return MakeParam(ParamName, DbType, Size, ParameterDirection.Input, Value); } /// <summary> /// 生成参数. /// </summary> /// <param name="ParamName">参数名称.</param> /// <param name="DbType">参数类型.</param> /// <param name="Value">参数值.</param> /// <returns>生成后的参数.</returns> public static DbParameter MakeInParam(string ParamName, DbTypeWrapper DbType, object Value) { return MakeParam(ParamName, DbType, 0, ParameterDirection.Input, Value); } /// <summary> /// 生成参数. /// </summary> /// <param name="ParamName">参数名称.</param> /// <param name="DbType">参数类型.</param> /// <param name="Size">参数大小.</param> /// <returns>生成后的参数.</returns> public static DbParameter MakeOutParam(string ParamName, DbTypeWrapper DbType, int Size) { return MakeParam(ParamName, DbType, Size, ParameterDirection.Output, null); } /// <summary> /// 生成参数. /// </summary> /// <param name="ParamName">参数名称.</param> /// <param name="DbType">参数类型.</param> /// <param name="Size">参数大小.</param> /// <param name="Direction">参数方向.</param> /// <param name="Value">参数值.</param> /// <returns>生成后的参数.</returns> public static DbParameter MakeParam(string ParamName, DbTypeWrapper DbType, Int32 Size, ParameterDirection Direction, object Value) { DbParameter param; param = Provider.MakeParam(ParamName, DbType, Size); param.Direction = Direction; if(!(Direction == ParameterDirection.Output && Value == null)) { param.Value = Value; } return param; } #endregion Make parameter end } }
这样根据不同的数据库使用不同的引擎名称与字符串,就实现了类似多态的功能,下面是实现接口的具体方法,代码太多,就截图了
为了实现一个ORM,定义下面的类, T就是对应数据库表的一个实体类
下面是获取T所表示的对象的属性值,后面会根据它的值来生成Sql语句.
this.m_type = typeof(T); string tablename = string.Empty; if(!this.m_type.IsClass) { throw new Exception("Only class is supported!"); } object[] attributes = this.m_type.GetCustomAttributes(false); if(attributes.Length > 0) { foreach(object attr in attributes) { if(attr is DataTableNameAttribute) { tablename = (attr as DataTableNameAttribute).TableName; containsIdentification = (attr as DataTableNameAttribute).ContainsIdentification; } } } else { tablename = m_type.Name; } this.m_tableName = tablename.ToUpper(); List<string> paramnames = new List<string>(); Dictionary<string, PropertyInfo> dicPropertyInfo = new Dictionary<string, PropertyInfo>(); foreach(PropertyInfo propertyInfo in m_type.GetProperties()) { paramnames.Add(propertyInfo.Name); dicPropertyInfo[propertyInfo.Name] = propertyInfo; } this.m_propertyInfoDictonary = dicPropertyInfo; this.m_propertyNameList = paramnames; int colCount = this.m_propertyNameList.Count; this.m_dbParams = new string[colCount + 1]; this.m_fullDbParamsForUpdateOrDelete = new string[colCount * 2 + 1]; this.m_dbParams[0] = "TransactionStatement"; this.m_fullDbParamsForUpdateOrDelete[0] = "TransactionStatement"; for(int index = 1; index <= colCount; index++) { string colname = this.m_propertyNameList[index - 1].ToUpper(); this.m_dbParams[index] = colname; this.m_fullDbParamsForUpdateOrDelete[index] = colname; this.m_fullDbParamsForUpdateOrDelete[index + colCount] = String.Concat("where_", colname); } }
ORM实现的接口如下图所示:查询所有的实现对象,单个实体对象,然后就是插入,更新与删除.
上面主要讲主要的构想,当然还要好多代码要去写,这里就不一一贴出来了,就是围绕增删查改来进行的,如果要要源码的请mark下并推荐下,我会把注释与代码整理好发到相应的地方,如果没人相应那就算了,下次写实体层,就是构建表的实体类,下面是为了生成这些代码写的代码生成器,先一睹为快
写这个工具还真没有用多长时间,下次讲具体的实现.
step by step 之餐饮管理系统六(数据库访问模块)
原文:http://www.cnblogs.com/cang/p/cang.html