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哈夫曼树，优先队列

#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
#include<queue>
#include<cstring>
#define maxn 30+5
using namespace std;
string ans;
int sum[maxn];
priority_queue<int,vector<int>,greater<int> >mapp;
int main()
{
	while(cin>>ans)
	{
		if(ans=="END"){break;}
		memset(sum,0,sizeof(sum));
		while(mapp.size()) mapp.pop();
		for(int i=0;i<ans.size();i++)
		{
			if(ans[i]=='_') sum[0]++;
			else sum[ans[i]-'A'+1]++;
		}
		for(int i=0;i<=26;i++)
		{
			if(sum[i]) mapp.push(sum[i]);
		}
		int a=0,b=0;
		if(mapp.size()==1)
		{
			printf("%d %d %.1lf\n",ans.size()*8,ans.size(),double(8));
			continue;
		}
		while(mapp.size()>1)
		{
			int x=mapp.top();
			mapp.pop();
			int y=mapp.top();
			mapp.pop();
			mapp.push(x+y);
			a+=x+y; 
		}
		b=ans.size()*8;
		double c=double(b)/double(a);
		printf("%d %d %.1lf\n",b,a,c);
	}
	return 0;
} 

hdu 1503 Rank

原文：http://blog.csdn.net/zafkiel_nightmare/article/details/45226451