下面介绍opatch的auto补丁方法。
3、OPatch auto补丁策略
GI是复杂的，一些GI补丁不仅仅是给GI中间件本身补丁，而且设计到其上运行的database和ASM实例等多个组件。在进行这样环境补丁的时候，一定要先进行GI补丁，之后补充验证database实例的补丁。
OPatch auto策略是针对多个补丁合集（通常为PSU）进行的。最稳妥的方式首先将Listener、Database Instance和ASM等组件关闭（依据补丁要求）。
[grid@XXX-Standby-Asm 19852360]$ srvctl stop database -d SYSTEMstb
PRCC-1016 : SYSTEMstb was already stopped
[grid@XXX-Standby-Asm 19852360]$ srvctl stop asm -f
[grid@XXX-Standby-Asm 19852360]$ srvctl stop listener
[grid@XXX-Standby-Asm 19852360]$ crsctl stat res -t -init
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NAME TARGET STATE SERVER STATE_DETAILS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.DATA.dg
ONLINE OFFLINE XXX-standby-asm
ora.LISTENER.lsnr
OFFLINE OFFLINE XXX-standby-asm
ora.RECO.dg
ONLINE OFFLINE XXX-standby-asm
ora.asm
OFFLINE OFFLINE XXX-standby-asm Instance Shutdown
ora.ons
OFFLINE OFFLINE XXX-standby-asm
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cluster Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.cssd
1 ONLINE ONLINE XXX-standby-asm
ora.diskmon
1 OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.evmd
1 ONLINE ONLINE XXX-standby-asm
ora.SYSTEMstb.db
1 OFFLINE OFFLINE Instance Shutdown
解压安装包，到制定目录。
[root@XXX-Standby-Asm gidir]# unzip p20485808_112040_Linux-x86-64.zip
（篇幅原因，有省略……）
inflating: 20485808/20299019/files/bin/acfsrepl_monitor
inflating: 20485808/20299019/files/bin/acfsdriverstate
inflating: 20485808/20299019/files/bin/acfsreplcrs
inflating: 20485808/20299019/files/bin/acfsrepl_initializer
inflating: 20485808/20299019/files/bin/acfsreplcrs.pl
inflating: 20485808/20299019/files/bin/acfsregistrymount
inflating: 20485808/20299019/README.txt
creating: 20485808/20299019/custom/
creating: 20485808/20299019/custom/scripts/
inflating: 20485808/20299019/custom/scripts/prepatchverify.sh
inflating: 20485808/20299019/custom/scripts/pre.txt
inflating: 20485808/20299019/custom/scripts/post.txt
inflating: 20485808/bundle.xml
inflating: PatchSearch.xml
[root@XXX-Standby-Asm gidir]# ls -l
total 1338920
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Mar 27 23:33 20485808
--降低权限
[root@XXX-Standby-Asm gidir]# chown -R grid:oinstall 20485808
[root@XXX-Standby-Asm gidir]# chmod -R 755 20485808/
[root@XXX-Standby-Asm gidir]# ls -l
total 1338920
drwxr-xr-x 5 grid oinstall 4096 Mar 27 23:33 20485808
[root@XXX-Standby-Asm gidir]# cd 20485808/
[root@XXX-Standby-Asm 20485808]# ls -l
total 136
drwxrwxr-x 8 root root 4096 Mar 4 18:30 20299013
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Mar 27 23:26 20299019
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Mar 27 23:19 20420937
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 549 Mar 27 23:32 bundle.xml
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 61184 Mar 6 13:43 PatchSearch.xml
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 60655 Apr 13 15:17 README.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Mar 27 23:33 README.txt
使用OPatch auto功能，实际上就是进行自动化补丁安装动作。OPatch自动进行用户切换、补丁验证和补丁批量动作。
这个过程中，是需要输入一些用户交互信息，如Email Address。Oracle建议使用OCM（Oracle Configuration Manager）生成配置文件，作为OPatch工作的输入。
[grid@XXX-Standby-Asm gidir]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME
[grid@XXX-Standby-Asm grid]$ cd OPatch
[grid@XXX-Standby-Asm OPatch]$ cd ocm/bin
[grid@XXX-Standby-Asm bin]$ ls -l
total 12
-rwxr-x--- 1 grid oinstall 9063 Nov 27 2009 emocmrsp
[grid@XXX-Standby-Asm bin]$ ./emocmrsp -no_banner -output /u01/unconfig.rsp
Provide your email address to be informed of security issues, install and
initiate Oracle Configuration Manager. Easier for you if you use your My
Oracle Support Email address/User Name.
Visit http://www.oracle.com/support/policies.html for details.
Email address/User Name:
You have not provided an email address for notification of security issues.
Do you wish to remain uninformed of security issues ([Y]es, [N]o) [N]: Y
The OCM configuration response file (/u01/unconfig.rsp) was successfully created.
Validation of Oracle Inventory
检查两个$ORACLE_HOME目录是否对应。
Oracle Home : /u02/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
Central Inventory : /u01/app/oraInventory
from : /u02/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/oraInst.loc
OPatch version : 11.2.0.3.10
OUI version : 11.2.0.4.0
Log file location : /u02/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2015-05-25_14-51-28PM_1.log
Lsinventory Output file location : /u02/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/lsinv/lsinventory2015-05-25_14-51-28PM.txt
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Machine Information::
Hostname: localhost
ARU platform id: 226
ARU platform description:: Linux x86-64
Installed Top-level Products (1):
Oracle Database 11g 11.2.0.4.0
（篇幅原因，有省略……）
/u02/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/inventory/oneoffs/19852360
Patch Location in Storage area:
/u02/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/.patch_storage/19852360_Oct_20_2014_08_17_43
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OPatch succeeded.
进行补丁动作。
[root@XXX-Standby-Asm OPatch]# ./opatch auto /upload/gidir/20485808 -ocmrf /u01/unconfig.rsp
Executing /u01/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid/perl/bin/perl ./crs/patch11203.pl -patchdir /upload/gidir -patchn 20485808 -ocmrf /u01/unconfig.rsp -paramfile /u01/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/crsconfig_params
This is the main log file: /u01/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/opatchauto2015-05-25_15-22-24.log
This file will show your detected configuration and all the steps that opatchauto attempted to do on your system:
/u01/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/opatchauto2015-05-25_15-22-24.report.log
2015-05-25 15:22:24: Starting Oracle Restart Patch Setup
Using configuration parameter file: /u01/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/crsconfig_params
Stopping RAC /u02/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 ...
Stopped RAC /u02/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 successfully
patch /upload/gidir/20485808/20299013 apply successful for home /u02/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
patch /upload/gidir/20485808/20420937/custom/server/20420937 apply successful for home /u02/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
Stopping CRS...
Stopped CRS successfully
patch /upload/gidir/20485808/20299013 apply successful for home /u01/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid
patch /upload/gidir/20485808/20420937 apply successful for home /u01/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid
patch /upload/gidir/20485808/20299019 apply successful for home /u01/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid
Starting CRS...
CRS-4123: Oracle High Availability Services has been started.
Starting RAC /u02/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 ...
Started RAC /u02/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 successfully
opatch auto succeeded.
补丁验证。
[root@XXX-Standby-Asm OPatch]# ./opatch lsinventory
The user is root. OPatch cannot continue if the user is root.
OPatch failed with error code 255
[grid@XXX-Standby-Asm ~]$ opatch lsinventory
Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 11.2.0.3.10
Copyright (c) 2015, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
Oracle Home : /u01/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid
Central Inventory : /u01/app/oraInventory
from : /u01/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid/oraInst.loc
OPatch version : 11.2.0.3.10
OUI version : 11.2.0.4.0
Log file location : /u01/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2015-05-25_15-36-53PM_1.log
Lsinventory Output file location : /u01/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/opatch/lsinv/lsinventory2015-05-25_15-36-53PM.txt
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Machine Information::
Hostname: localhost
ARU platform id: 226
ARU platform description:: Linux x86-64
Installed Top-level Products (1):
Oracle Grid Infrastructure 11g 11.2.0.4.0
There are 1 products installed in this Oracle Home.
Interim patches (4) :
Patch 20299019 : applied on Mon May 25 15:30:25 CST 2015
Unique Patch ID: 18573450
Patch description: "ACFS Patch set update : 11.2.0.4.6 (20299019)"
Created on 27 Mar 2015, 15:26:30 hrs
Bugs fixed:
17510275, 17172303, 16318126, 19690653, 17203009, 17376318, 17503605
20140148, 17611362, 17721778, 17164243, 19053182, 17696547, 17699423
（篇幅原因，有删减……）
Patch 19852360 : applied on Mon May 25 10:02:48 CST 2015
Unique Patch ID: 18170553
Created on 20 Oct 2014, 08:17:43 hrs PST8PDT
Bugs fixed:
19852360
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OPatch succeeded.
事后使用SQL脚本进行更新。
[oracle@XXX-Standby-Asm ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin
[oracle@XXX-Standby-Asm admin]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon May 25 16:14:00 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> select open_mode from v$database;
OPEN_MODE
--------------------
READ WRITE
（事后检查）
SQL> @catbundle.sql psu apply
1 row created.
SQL> COMMIT;
Commit complete.
SQL> SPOOL off
SQL> SET echo off
Check the following log file for errors:
/u02/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/catbundle/catbundle_PSU_SYSTEMSTB_APPLY_2015May25_16_15_53.log
SQL> @utlrp.sql
1 row selected.
Function created.
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
Function dropped.
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
升级补丁完成！
4、结论
数据库补丁是我们经常遇到的运维场景，严格遵守操作流程、步步为营，小心求证是我们解决问题的根本出发点。
聊聊两种给Grid Infrastructure打补丁的方法（下）
原文：http://blog.itpub.net/17203031/viewspace-1681919/