Drawable drawable= getResources().getDrawable(R.drawable.drawable);
/// 这一步必须要做,否则不会显示.
drawable.setBounds(0, 0, drawable.getMinimumWidth(), drawable.getMinimumHeight());
textview.setCompoundDrawables(drawable,null,null,null);
原文：http://www.cnblogs.com/thsky/p/4564017.html