对于还没发布的应用程序,我们可以通过测试、分析Log的方法来收集崩溃信息。但对已经发布的程序,我们不可能让用户去查看崩溃信息然后再反馈给开发者。所以,设计一个对于小白用户都可以轻松实现反馈的应用就显得很重要了。我这里结合我自己写的一个Demo,来分析从崩溃开始到崩溃信息反馈到我们服务器,我们程序都需要做什么。
当我们的程序因未捕获的异常而突然终止时,系统会调用处理程序的接口UncaughtExceptionHandler。如果我们想处理未被程序正常捕获的异常,只需实现这个接口里的uncaughtException方法,uncaughtException方法回传了Thread 和 Throwable两个参数。通过这两个参数,我们来对异常进行我们需要的处理。
综上,我对异常处理方式的思路是这样的:
1.我们需要首先收集产生崩溃的手机信息,因为Android的样机种类繁多,很可能某些特定机型下会产生莫名的bug。
2.将手机的信息和崩溃信息写入文件系统中。这样方便后续处理。3.崩溃的应用需要可以自动重启。重启的页面设置成反馈页面,询问 用户是否需要上传崩溃报告。
4.用户同意后,即将2中写入的崩溃信息文件发送到自己的服务器。
通过上面的步骤,我们就可以写出大概的伪代码:
handleException() {collectDeviceInfo(context); //手机手机信息writeCrashInfoToFile(ex); //写入崩溃文件restart(); //应用重启}
最后,在重启页面通过AsyncTask将崩溃信息上传服务器。
有了以上思路,我们一步一步的写出每个伪函数的具体代码。
/**** @param ctx* 手机设备相关信息*/public void collectDeviceInfo(Context ctx) {try {PackageManager pm = ctx.getPackageManager();PackageInfo pi = pm.getPackageInfo(ctx.getPackageName(),PackageManager.GET_ACTIVITIES);if (pi != null) {String versionName = pi.versionName == null ? "null": pi.versionName;String versionCode = pi.versionCode + "";infos.put("versionName", versionName);infos.put("versionCode", versionCode);infos.put("crashTime", formatter.format(new Date()));}} catch (NameNotFoundException e) {Log.e(TAG, "an error occured when collect package info", e);}Field[] fields = Build.class.getDeclaredFields();for (Field field: fields) {try {field.setAccessible(true);infos.put(field.getName(), field.get(null).toString());Log.d(TAG, field.getName() + " : " + field.get(null));} catch (Exception e) {Log.e(TAG, "an error occured when collect crash info", e);}}}
/**** @param ex* 将崩溃写入文件系统*/private void writeCrashInfoToFile(Throwable ex) {StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry: infos.entrySet()) {String key = entry.getKey();String value = entry.getValue();sb.append(key + "=" + value + "\n");}Writer writer = new StringWriter();PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(writer);ex.printStackTrace(printWriter);Throwable cause = ex.getCause();while (cause != null) {cause.printStackTrace(printWriter);cause = cause.getCause();}printWriter.close();String result = writer.toString();sb.append(result);//这里把刚才异常堆栈信息写入SD卡的Log日志里面if(Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)){String sdcardPath = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getPath();String filePath = sdcardPath + "/cym/crash/";localFileUrl = writeLog(sb.toString(), filePath);}}/**** @param log* @param name* @return 返回写入的文件路径* 写入Log信息的方法,写入到SD卡里面*/private String writeLog(String log, String name){CharSequence timestamp = new Date().toString().replace(" ", "");timestamp = "crash";String filename = name + timestamp + ".log";File file = new File(filename);if(!file.getParentFile().exists()){file.getParentFile().mkdirs();}try{Log.d("TAG", "写入到SD卡里面");// FileOutputStream stream = new FileOutputStream(new File(filename));// OutputStreamWriter output = new OutputStreamWriter(stream);file.createNewFile();FileWriter fw=new FileWriter(file,true);BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(fw);//写入相关Log到文件bw.write(log);bw.newLine();bw.close();fw.close();return filename;}catch (IOException e){Log.e(TAG, "an error occured while writing file...", e);e.printStackTrace();return null;}}
注:我尝试过好多种应用重启的方法,最终选择采用PendingIntent的方式。private void restart(){try{Thread.sleep(2000);}catch (InterruptedException e){Log.e(TAG, "error : ", e);}Intent intent = new Intent(context.getApplicationContext(), SendCrashActivity.class);PendingIntent restartIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(context.getApplicationContext(), 0, intent,Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);//退出程序AlarmManager mgr = (AlarmManager)context.getSystemService(Context.ALARM_SERVICE);mgr.set(AlarmManager.RTC, System.currentTimeMillis() + 1000,restartIntent); // 1秒钟后重启应用}
应用重启后来到的是SendCrashActivity界面,在这里我设置了一个简单的按钮,点击后即可上传崩溃信息。代码比较多,这里列一个比较有用的上传方法吧:
public static String uploadFile(File file,String requestUrl){String result = null;String BOUNDARY = UUID.randomUUID().toString(); //边界标识 随机生成String PREFIX = "--" ;String LINE_END = "\r\n";String CONTENT_TYPE = "multipart/form-data"; //内容类型try{URL url = new URL(requestUrl);HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();conn.setReadTimeout(TIME_OUT);conn.setConnectTimeout(TIME_OUT);conn.setDoInput(true); //允许输入流conn.setDoOutput(true); //允许输出流conn.setUseCaches(false); //不允许使用缓存conn.setRequestMethod("POST"); //请求方式conn.setRequestProperty("Charset", CHARSET); //设置编码conn.setRequestProperty("connection", "keep-alive");conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", CONTENT_TYPE + ";boundary=" + BOUNDARY);if(file!=null){/*** 当文件不为空,把文件包装并且上传*/DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(conn.getOutputStream());StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();sb.append(PREFIX);sb.append(BOUNDARY);sb.append(LINE_END);/*** 这里重点注意:* name里面的值为服务器端需要key 只有这个key 才可以得到对应的文件* filename是文件的名字,包含后缀名的 比如:abc.png*/sb.append("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"uploadcrash\"; filename=\""+file.getName()+"\""+LINE_END);sb.append("Content-Type: application/octet-stream; charset="+CHARSET+LINE_END);sb.append(LINE_END);dos.write(sb.toString().getBytes());InputStream is = new FileInputStream(file);byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];int len = 0;while((len=is.read(bytes))!=-1){dos.write(bytes, 0, len);}is.close();dos.write(LINE_END.getBytes());byte[] end_data = (PREFIX+BOUNDARY+PREFIX+LINE_END).getBytes();dos.write(end_data);dos.flush();/*** 获取响应码 200=成功* 当响应成功,获取响应的流*/int res = conn.getResponseCode();Log.e(TAG, "response code:"+res);// if(res==200)// {Log.e(TAG, "request success");InputStream input = conn.getInputStream();StringBuffer sb1= new StringBuffer();int ss ;while((ss=input.read())!=-1){sb1.append((char)ss);}result = sb1.toString();Log.e(TAG, "result : "+ result);// }// else{// Log.e(TAG, "request error");// }}}catch (MalformedURLException e) {e.printStackTrace();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}return result;}
整个流程基本走完,我们来看一下最终效果。(MainActivity点击按钮后执行了一个2/0的操作,所以崩溃)

我将崩溃上传到了我的sae服务器的storage里。下图中红色圈起来的文件即是我们上传的崩溃文件。

我把这个文件下载下来,内容如下:
TIME=1383016889000FINGERPRINT=generic/sdk/generic:4.4/KRT16L/892118:eng/test-keysHARDWARE=goldfishUNKNOWN=unknownRADIO=unknownBOARD=unknownversionCode=1PRODUCT=sdkversionName=1.0DISPLAY=sdk-eng 4.4 KRT16L 892118 test-keysUSER=android-buildHOST=vpak27.mtv.corp.google.comDEVICE=genericTAGS=test-keysMODEL=sdkBOOTLOADER=unknowncrashTime=2014-09-24 05:39:21CPU_ABI=armeabi-v7aCPU_ABI2=armeabiIS_DEBUGGABLE=trueID=KRT16LSERIAL=unknownMANUFACTURER=unknownBRAND=genericTYPE=engjava.lang.IllegalStateException: Could not execute method of the activityat android.view.View$1.onClick(View.java:3814)at android.view.View.performClick(View.java:4424)at android.view.View$PerformClick.run(View.java:18383)at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:733)at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:95)at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:137)at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:4998)at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method)at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:515)at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:777)at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:593)at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method)Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetExceptionat java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method)at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:515)at android.view.View$1.onClick(View.java:3809)... 11 moreCaused by: java.lang.ArithmeticException: divide by zeroat so.cym.crashhandlerdemo.MainActivity.generateAnr(MainActivity.java:20)... 14 morejava.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetExceptionat java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method)at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:515)at android.view.View$1.onClick(View.java:3809)at android.view.View.performClick(View.java:4424)at android.view.View$PerformClick.run(View.java:18383)at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:733)at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:95)at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:137)at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:4998)at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method)at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:515)at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:777)at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:593)at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method)Caused by: java.lang.ArithmeticException: divide by zeroat so.cym.crashhandlerdemo.MainActivity.generateAnr(MainActivity.java:20)... 14 morejava.lang.ArithmeticException: divide by zeroat so.cym.crashhandlerdemo.MainActivity.generateAnr(MainActivity.java:20)at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method)at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:515)at android.view.View$1.onClick(View.java:3809)at android.view.View.performClick(View.java:4424)at android.view.View$PerformClick.run(View.java:18383)at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:733)at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:95)at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:137)at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:4998)at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method)at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:515)at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:777)at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:593)at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method)
通过上面的文件,我们就可以分析什么时候产生崩溃,什么机型下会产生崩溃。
Android里有一种崩溃(严格意义将不叫崩溃)是捕获不到的,那就是ANR,关于ANR的相关知识可以阅读我的另一篇博文http://blog.saymagic.cn/2014/09/25/ANR%E5%AE%8C%E5%85%A8%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90.html
如果你对源码感兴趣,欢迎到此处进行star或者fork:https://gitcafe.com/saymagic/AndroidCrashHandler。
原文:http://blog.csdn.net/android_drawing/article/details/46515127