《Apache MINA 2.0 用户指南》第十四章：状态机

        我们来以一个简单示例来演示一下 mina-statemachine 是如何工作的。下图演示了一个典型的录音机的状态机。圆圈表示状态，箭头表示转换。每个转换以一个触发该转换的事件名作为标签。

        首先，录音机处于 Empty 状态。插入一个磁带后 load 事件被触发，录音机转为 Loaded 状态。在 Loaded 状态中，eject 事件将会触发其移回 Empty 状态，而 play 事件则会触发其移向 Playing 状态。以此类推...我认为你可以判断出剩下的逻辑。

public interface TapeDeck {
    void load(String nameOfTape);
    void eject();
    void start();
    void pause();
    void stop();
}

public class TapeDeckHandler {
    @State public static final String EMPTY   = "Empty";
    @State public static final String LOADED  = "Loaded";
    @State public static final String PLAYING = "Playing";
    @State public static final String PAUSED  = "Paused";
}

public class TapeDeckHandler {
    @State public static final String EMPTY = "Empty";
    @State public static final String LOADED = "Loaded";
    @State public static final String PLAYING = "Playing";
    @State public static final String PAUSED = "Paused";

    @Transition(on = "load", in = EMPTY, next = LOADED)
    public void loadTape(String nameOfTape) {
        System.out.println("Tape ‘" + nameOfTape + "‘ loaded");
    }

    @Transitions({
        @Transition(on = "play", in = LOADED, next = PLAYING),
        @Transition(on = "play", in = PAUSED, next = PLAYING)
    })
    public void playTape() {
        System.out.println("Playing tape");
    }

    @Transition(on = "pause", in = PLAYING, next = PAUSED)
    public void pauseTape() {
        System.out.println("Tape paused");
    }

    @Transition(on = "stop", in = PLAYING, next = LOADED)
    public void stopTape() {
        System.out.println("Tape stopped");
    }

    @Transition(on = "eject", in = LOADED, next = EMPTY)
    public void ejectTape() {
        System.out.println("Tape ejected");
    }
}

@Transition(on = "load", in = EMPTY, next = LOADED)
public void loadTape(String nameOfTape) {

@Transitions({
    @Transition(on = "play", in = LOADED, next = PLAYING),
    @Transition(on = "play", in = PAUSED, next = PLAYING)
})
public void playTape() {

• 如果你忽略掉 on 参数，将默认为 "*"，这将匹配任何事件。
• 如果你忽略掉 next 参数，将默认为 "_self_"，这是当前状态的一个别名。要在你的状态机中创建一个循环转移，你只需忽略掉 next 参数即可。
• weight 参数可以被用于定义转移将被搜索的顺序。对于特定状态的转移将被根据他们的 weight 值升序排列。weight 默认为 0。

public static void main(String[] args) {
    TapeDeckHandler handler = new TapeDeckHandler();
    StateMachine sm = StateMachineFactory.getInstance(Transition.class).create(TapeDeckHandler.EMPTY, handler);
    TapeDeck deck = new StateMachineProxyBuilder().create(TapeDeck.class, sm);

    deck.load("The Knife - Silent Shout");
    deck.play();
    deck.pause();
    deck.play();
    deck.stop();
    deck.eject();
}

TapeDeckHandler handler = new TapeDeckHandler();
StateMachine sm = StateMachineFactory.getInstance(Transition.class).create(TapeDeckHandler.EMPTY, handler);

TapeDeck deck = new StateMachineProxyBuilder().create(TapeDeck.class, sm);

Tape ‘The Knife - Silent Shout‘ loaded
Playing tape
Tape paused
Playing tape
Tape stopped
Tape ejected

@Transition(on = "foo")
public void someMethod(One one, Two two, Three three) { ... }

someMethod(a, b, c);

@Transition(on = "foo")
public void someMethod(Two two) { ... }

@Transition(on = "foo")
public void someMethod() { ... }

@Transition(on = "foo")
public void someMethod(Event event, StateContext context, One one, Two two, Three three) { ... }
@Transition(on = "foo")
public void someMethod(Event event, One one, Two two, Three three) { ... }
@Transition(on = "foo")
public void someMethod(StateContext context, One one, Two two, Three three) { ... }

@Transition(on = "foo")
public void someMethod(MyStateContext context, Two two) { ... }

// All method arguments matches all event arguments directly
@Transition(on = "messageReceived")
public void messageReceived(ArrayList l, Integer i) { ... }

// Matches since ((a instanceof List && b instanceof Number) == true)
@Transition(on = "messageReceived")
public void messageReceived(List l, Number n) { ... }

// Matches since ((b instanceof Number) == true)
@Transition(on = "messageReceived")
public void messageReceived(Number n) { ... }

// Methods with no arguments always matches
@Transition(on = "messageReceived")
public void messageReceived() { ... }

// Methods only interested in the current Event or StateContext always matches
@Transition(on = "messageReceived")
public void messageReceived(StateContext context) { ... }

// Matches since ((a instanceof Collection) == true)
@Transition(on = "messageReceived")
public void messageReceived(Event event, Collection c) { ... }

// Incorrect ordering
@Transition(on = "messageReceived")
public void messageReceived(Integer i, List l) { ... }

// ((a instanceof LinkedList) == false)
@Transition(on = "messageReceived")
public void messageReceived(LinkedList l, Number n) { ... }

// Event must be first argument
@Transition(on = "messageReceived")
public void messageReceived(ArrayList l, Event event) { ... }

// StateContext must be second argument if Event is used
@Transition(on = "messageReceived")
public void messageReceived(Event event, ArrayList l, StateContext context) { ... }

// Event must come before StateContext
@Transition(on = "messageReceived")
public void messageReceived(StateContext context, Event event) { ... }

@State    public static final String A = "A";
@State(A) public static final String B = "A->B";
@State(A) public static final String C = "A->C";
@State(B) public static final String D = "A->B->D";
@State(C) public static final String E = "A->C->E";

public static void main(String[] args) {
    ...
    deck.load("The Knife - Silent Shout");
    deck.play();
    deck.pause();
    deck.play();
    deck.stop();
    deck.eject();
    deck.play();
}

...
Tape stopped
Tape ejected
Exception in thread "main" o.a.m.sm.event.UnhandledEventException: 
Unhandled event: org.apache.mina.statemachine.event.Event@15eb0a9[id=play,...]
    at org.apache.mina.statemachine.StateMachine.handle(StateMachine.java:285)
    at org.apache.mina.statemachine.StateMachine.processEvents(StateMachine.java:142)
    ...

@Transitions({
    @Transition(on = "*", in = EMPTY, weight = 100),
    @Transition(on = "*", in = LOADED, weight = 100),
    @Transition(on = "*", in = PLAYING, weight = 100),
    @Transition(on = "*", in = PAUSED, weight = 100)
})
public void error(Event event) {
    System.out.println("Cannot ‘" + event.getId() + "‘ at this time");
}

...
Tape stopped
Tape ejected
Cannot ‘play‘ at this time.

public static class TapeDeckHandler {
    @State public static final String ROOT = "Root";
    @State(ROOT) public static final String EMPTY = "Empty";
    @State(ROOT) public static final String LOADED = "Loaded";
    @State(ROOT) public static final String PLAYING = "Playing";
    @State(ROOT) public static final String PAUSED = "Paused";

    ...

    @Transition(on = "*", in = ROOT)
    public void error(Event event) {
        System.out.println("Cannot ‘" + event.getId() + "‘ at this time");
    }
}

telnet localhost 12345
S: + Greetings from your tape deck!
C: list
S: + (1: "The Knife - Silent Shout", 2: "Kings of convenience - Riot on an empty street")
C: load 1
S: + "The Knife - Silent Shout" loaded
C: play
S: + Playing "The Knife - Silent Shout"
C: pause
S: + "The Knife - Silent Shout" paused
C: play
S: + Playing "The Knife - Silent Shout"
C: info
S: + Tape deck is playing. Current tape: "The Knife - Silent Shout"
C: eject
S: - Cannot eject while playing
C: stop
S: + "The Knife - Silent Shout" stopped
C: eject
S: + "The Knife - Silent Shout" ejected
C: quit
S: + Bye! Please come back!

@State public static final String ROOT = "Root";
@State(ROOT) public static final String EMPTY = "Empty";
@State(ROOT) public static final String LOADED = "Loaded";
@State(ROOT) public static final String PLAYING = "Playing";
@State(ROOT) public static final String PAUSED = "Paused";

@IoHandlerTransitions({
    @IoHandlerTransition(on = MESSAGE_RECEIVED, in = LOADED, next = PLAYING),
    @IoHandlerTransition(on = MESSAGE_RECEIVED, in = PAUSED, next = PLAYING)
})
public void playTape(TapeDeckContext context, IoSession session, PlayCommand cmd) {
    session.write("+ Playing \"" + context.tapeName + "\"");
}

import static org.apache.mina.statemachine.event.IoHandlerEvents.*;

static class TapeDeckContext extends AbstractStateContext {
    public String tapeName;
}

@IoHandlerTransition(on = MESSAGE_RECEIVED, in = EMPTY, next = LOADED)
public void loadTape(TapeDeckContext context, IoSession session, LoadCommand cmd) {
    if (cmd.getTapeNumber() < 1 || cmd.getTapeNumber() > tapes.length) {
        session.write("- Unknown tape number: " + cmd.getTapeNumber());
        StateControl.breakAndGotoNext(EMPTY);
    } else {
        context.tapeName = tapes[cmd.getTapeNumber() - 1];
        session.write("+ \"" + context.tapeName + "\" loaded");
    }
}

StateControl.breakAndGotoNext(EMPTY);

@IoHandlerTransition(on = SESSION_OPENED, in = EMPTY)
public void connect(IoSession session) {
    session.write("+ Greetings from your tape deck!");
}

@IoHandlerTransition(on = MESSAGE_RECEIVED, in = ROOT, weight = 10)
public void error(Event event, StateContext context, IoSession session, Command cmd) {
    session.write("- Cannot " + cmd.getName() + " while " 
           + context.getCurrentState().getId().toLowerCase());
}

private static IoHandler createIoHandler() {
    StateMachine sm = StateMachineFactory.getInstance(IoHandlerTransition.class).create(EMPTY, new TapeDeckServer());

    return new StateMachineProxyBuilder().setStateContextLookup(
            new IoSessionStateContextLookup(new StateContextFactory() {
                public StateContext create() {
                    return new TapeDeckContext();
                }
            })).create(IoHandler.class, sm);
}

// This code will work with MINA 1.0/1.1:
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    SocketAcceptor acceptor = new SocketAcceptor();
    SocketAcceptorConfig config = new SocketAcceptorConfig();
    config.setReuseAddress(true);
    ProtocolCodecFilter pcf = new ProtocolCodecFilter(
            new TextLineEncoder(), new CommandDecoder());
    config.getFilterChain().addLast("codec", pcf);
    acceptor.bind(new InetSocketAddress(12345), createIoHandler(), config);
}

// This code will work with MINA trunk:
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    SocketAcceptor acceptor = new NioSocketAcceptor();
    acceptor.setReuseAddress(true);
    ProtocolCodecFilter pcf = new ProtocolCodecFilter(
            new TextLineEncoder(), new CommandDecoder());
    acceptor.getFilterChain().addLast("codec", pcf);
    acceptor.setHandler(createIoHandler());
    acceptor.setLocalAddress(new InetSocketAddress(PORT));
    acceptor.bind();
}

《Apache MINA 2.0 用户指南》第十四章：状态机

原文：http://blog.csdn.net/defonds/article/details/18267605